Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Content and metabolism of free NO in saliva, fluids of periodontal pockets and gingival tissue has been investigated by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) method with the use of nitric oxide spin-trap in patients suffering from periodontitis. It was found that increased generation of nitric oxide at early stages of periodontitis is of protective nature. However, at serious disorders of mitochondrial respiration and exaggerated formation of generators of reactive oxygen, nitric oxide converts into citotoxic peroxinitrite leading to destruction of parodontal tissue; part of free nitric oxide produces FeSNO, which in turn, supports and decreases content of free NO in gingival tissue. As a result, decreases local antimicrobial protection, hemocirculation, tissue nutrition, progresses inflammation. Periodontitis decreases local immunity due to NO deficiency in gingival tissue. Reduced content of NO in gingival tissue decreases regeneration ability of cells, which in turn, leads to deterioration on gingival tissue.
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PMID:[Content and metabilism of nitric oxide in substrates of oral cavity and their role in pathogenesis of periodontite disease]. 1792 48

Severe oxidative stress, developed under experimental periodontitis is accompanied by disturbances in mitochondrial respiration in tissue cells of gingiva, membrane damage and release of Fe(2+) and Mn(2+), leading to the worsening of inflammation process and gingival tissue necrosis. Reduction of free nitric oxide in gingival tissue appeared to be characteristic for experimental parodontitis: decreases local immunity, antimicrobial resistance, and tissue regeneration, disturbs blood supply and tissue trophism, which forwards important role in deepening of inflammation process and wasting of gingival tissue. Application of preparations derived from black poplar (Populus Nigra) gemma standardizes mitochondrial respiration, reduces presentation of inflammation, and considerably improves EPR-spectrum of gingival tissue. Though the complete normalization is not achieved--hazard of peroxidation still remains, the applied preparations, due to their strong anti- oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities is as an effective and rehabilitative means to tackle gingivitis and peiodontitis.
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PMID:[Application of Populus Nigra preparations at experimental parodontitis]. 1798 61

Periodontitis is the primary cause of tooth loss in adults and a very wide-spread disease. Recently, composite implants, based on a drug release rate controlling polymer and an adhesive polymer, have been proposed for an efficient local drug treatment. However, the processes involved in implant formation and the control of drug release in these composite systems are complex and the relationships between the systems' composition and the implants' performance are yet unclear. In this study, advanced characterization techniques (e.g., electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR) were applied to better understand the in-situ forming implants based on: (i) different types of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as drug release rate controlling polymers; (ii) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as adhesive polymer; and (iii) doxycycline or metronidazole as drugs. Interestingly, HPMC addition to shorter chain PLGA slightly slows down drug release, whereas in the case of longer chain PLGA the release rate substantially increases. This opposite impact on drug release was rather surprising, since the only difference in the formulations was the polymer molecular weight of the PLGA. Based on the physico-chemical analyses, the underlying mechanisms could be explained as follows: since longer chain PLGA is more hydrophobic than shorter chain PLGA, the addition of HPMC leads to a much more pronounced facilitation of water penetration into the system (as evidenced by EPR). This and the higher polymer lipophilicity result in more rapid PLGA precipitation and a more porous inner implant structure. Consequently, drug release is accelerated. In contrast, water penetration into formulations based on shorter chain PLGA is rather similar in the presence and absence of HPMC and the resulting implants are much less porous than those based on longer chain PLGA.
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PMID:In-situ forming composite implants for periodontitis treatment: How the formulation determines system performance. 2579 62