Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, the focus was on the antibacterial activity of onions. This study researched the activities of onion extracts on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, the main causal bacteria for dental caries, and Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, considered to be the main causal bacteria of adult periodontitis. The results showed that the onion extracts possess an effect on all test bacterial strains (S.mutans JC-2, S. sobrinus OMZ176, P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and P. intermedia ATCC 25611), and the effects were bactericidal against cultured and resting bacterial cells. The activity of the onion extracts was stable even after 48 hours in the culture medium. This result suggests that no decomposition or volatility of onion extracts occurred in the culture medium. The antibacterial activity of onion extracts was not markedly influenced by cysteine (10 mM) treatment. However, activity significantly decreased with alkali treatment. Grated onion left to stand at 37 degrees C for 48 hours did not show antibacterial activity. Also, activity of steam treated (100 degrees C, 10 min.) onion was not observed. Using avicel plate by thin layer chromatography with the solvent of n-butanol:acetic acid:water (3:3:1), the main component of the substance (the substance which develops color with ninhydrin) was observed at an Rf value of about 0.9.
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PMID:Anti-bacterial action of onion (Allium cepa L.) extracts against oral pathogenic bacteria. 935 29

Kept under observation by the medical staff were 110 patients with mild or moderately severe generalized parodontitis in a sanatorium-preventorium setting. Depending on the severity of the process in the parodontium tissues the patients were given a differentiated treatment (mouth-baths with a chloridic-sodic mineral water, gum mud poultice applications, low frequency interference currents). Clinical, paraclinical, and laboratory methods were used to asses the studies results effectiveness. The greatest therapeutic benefit occurred in those patients who received a combined treatment with chloridic-sodic mineral water mouth-baths, gum mud poultice applications, and low frequency interference currents.
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PMID:[The efficacy of using physical factors in patients with generalized periodontitis at a sanatorium-preventorium]. 978 27

This review article addresses the effects of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) and its utility in the treatment of periodontal diseases. There are data to support the following statements: PVP-I is a potent antiseptic and, when used as a component in a rinse with H202, the rinse can decrease the level of gingivitis. With regards to patients with adult periodontitis, there is some evidence to indicate that PVP-I delivered via an ultrasonic device achieves better results in deep pockets than ultrasonic debridement when water is the irrigant. The benefits of PVP-I in the treatment of refractory periodontitis are unclear. Subgingival irrigation with PVP-I may reduce the incidence of bacteremia if it is employed as a pre-procedural intrasulcular irrigant; however, this technique is not recommended for high-risk patients. PVP-I is a safe antiseptic and does not appear to impede wound healing or induce resistant bacteria. It is an approved drug whose intraoral use is an unlabeled indication. In conclusion, the literature suggests that utilization of PVP-I is potentially beneficial in the management of some periodontal diseases. However, additional clinical trials are needed to verify this assessment, since it is based upon a limited number of studies.
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PMID:Povidone-iodine's effects and role in the management of periodontal diseases: a review. 1058 5

Twelve patients aged 21-38 years with gingivitis and periodontitis and 9 subjects with intact periodontium were examined. Air from the oral cavity was collected with a special device, liquid samples were collected by gargling with sterile water. Chemical composition of the air and washings was analyzed by chromato-mass-spectrometry, gas adsorption and gas liquid chromatography. Inflammation of periodontal tissues was associated with a sharp increase in the oral air concentration of methylethylketone. The concentrations of isovaleric, n-valeric, and n-enanthic aldehydes increased appreciably. Ethanol predominated over n-butyl alcohol. The levels of dimethylsulfide and isoprene increased several times. In the washings from the oral cavity, the content of microorganism's vital activity products (fatty acids) was increased. Possible metabolic mechanisms of the detected shifts are discussed.
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PMID:[The evaluation of periodontal status by the chemical composition of the oral media]. 1069 40

Culture supernatants from Treponema maltophilum associated with periodontitis in humans and Treponema brennaborense found in a bovine cattle disease accompanied with cachexia caused a dose-dependent TNF-alpha synthesis in human monocytes increasing with culture time. This activity could be reduced significantly by blocking the CD14-part of the LPS receptor using the My 4 mAb and by polymyxin B. In the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, Treponema culture supernatants induced TNF-alpha secretion in a LPS binding protein (LBP)-dependent fashion. To enrich for active compounds, supernatants were extracted with butanol, while whole cells were extracted using a phenol/water method resulting in recovery of material exhibiting a similar activity profile. An LPS-LBP binding competition assay revealed an interaction of the treponeme phenol/water extracts with LBP, while precipitation studies implied an affinity to polymyxin B and endotoxin neutralizing protein. Macrophages obtained from C3H/HeJ mice carrying a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 mutation were stimulated with treponeme extracts for NO release to assess the role of TLRs in cell activation. Furthermore, NF-kappaB translocation in TLR-2-negative Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was studied. We found that phenol/water-extracts of the two strains use TLRs differently with T. brennaborense-stimulating cells in a TLR-4-dependent fashion, while T. maltophilum-mediated activation apparently involved TLR-2. These results indicate the presence of a novel class of glycolipids in Treponema initiating inflammatory responses involving LBP, CD14, and TLRs.
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PMID:Involvement of lipopolysaccharide binding protein, CD14, and Toll-like receptors in the initiation of innate immune responses by Treponema glycolipids. 1094 99

Regular home care by the patient in addition to professional removal of subgingival plaque is generally very effective in controlling most inflammatory periodontal diseases. When disease does recur, despite frequent recall, it can usually be attributed to lack of sufficient supragingival and subgingival plaque control or to other risk factors that influence host response, such as diabetes or smoking. Causative factors contributing to recurrent disease include deep inaccessible pockets, overhangs, poor crown margins and plaque-retentive calculus. In most cases, simply performing a thorough periodontal debridement under local anesthesia will stop disease progression and result in improvement in the clinical signs and symptoms of active disease. If however, clinical signs of disease activity persist following thorough mechanical therapy, such as increased pocket depths, loss of attachment and bleeding on probing, other pharmacotherapeutic therapies should be considered. Augmenting scaling and root planing or maintenance visits with adjunctive chemotherapeutic agents for controlling plaque and gingivitis could be as simple as placing the patient on an antimicrobial mouthrinse and/or toothpaste with agents such as fluorides, chlorhexidine or triclosan, to name a few. Since supragingival plaque reappears within hours or days after its removal, it is important that patients have access to effective alternative chemotherapeutic products that could help them achieve adequate supragingival plaque control. Recent studies, for example, have documented the positive effect of triclosan toothpaste on the long-term maintenance of both gingivitis and periodontitis patients. Daily irrigation with a powered irrigation device, with or without an antimicrobial agent, is also useful for decreasing the inflammation associated with gingivitis and periodontitis. Clinically significant changes in probing depths and attachment levels are not usually expected with irrigation alone. Recent reports, however, would indicate that, when daily irrigation with water was added to a regular oral hygiene home regimen, a significant reduction in probing depth, bleeding on probing and Gingival Index was observed. A significant reduction in cytokine levels (interleukin-1beta and prostaglandin E2, which are associated with destructive changes in inflamed tissues and bone resorption also occurs. If patient-applied antimicrobial therapy is insufficient in preventing, arresting, or reversing the disease progression, then professionally applied antimicrobial agents should be considered including sustained local drug delivery products. Other, more broadly based pharmacotherapeutic agents may be indicated for multiple failing sites. Such agents would include systemic antibiotics or host modulating drugs used in conjunction with periodontal debridement. More aggressive types of juvenile periodontitis or severe rapidly advancing adult periodontitis usually require a combination of surgical intervention in conjunction with systemic antibiotics and generally are not controlled with nonsurgical anti-infective therapy alone. It should be noted, however, that, to date, no home care products or devices currently available can completely control or eliminate the pathogenic plaques associated with periodontal diseases for extended periods of time. Daily home care and frequent recall are still paramount for long-term success. Nonsurgical therapy remains the cornerstone of periodontal treatment. Attention to detail, patient compliance and proper selection of adjunctive antimicrobial agents for sustained plaque control are important elements in achieving successful long-term results. Frequent re-evaluation and careful monitoring allows the practitioner the opportunity to intervene early in the disease state, to reverse or arrest the progression of periodontal disease with meticulous nonsurgical anti-infective therapy.
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PMID:Nonsurgical periodontal therapy. 1115 83

CMT-3 is a NON-ANTIMICROBIAL tetracycline (TC), chemically modified to enhance its collagenase-inhibitory property. This property is therapeutically useful in treating diseases such as periodontitis, cancer and arthritis. CMT-3 was labeled with tritium [(3)H] at Carbon 7. Four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (350--400 g body weight) were gavaged once with a mixture of cold CMT-3 and [(3)H] CMT-3 (750 microCi). An additional four rats were gavaged for 2 days with cold CMT-3(15 mg/Kg/day) and on the third day the rats were gavaged with a mixture of cold and [(2)H] CMT-3 (750 microCi); and all 8 rats were placed in the metabolic cages. Blood samples were collected from the tail at multiple intervals from 1--14 hr after [(3)H] CMT-3 administration. At 14 hr, the rats were anesthetized, euthanized and various tissues including visceral organs were removed and weighed. The contents of GI tracts were emptied and added to the fecal pellets and weighed. The urine samples were collected and volume measured. Each tissue or organ was minced finely with scissors and 100 mg of tissue was digested in 1 ml of Tissue-solv (Packard Lab), for 4 hrs at 37 degrees C and each sample was diluted up to 10 ml of distilled water. A 100 microl aliquot was taken and diluted with an equal volume of glacial acetic acid, 10 ml of Atom-lite was added and counted for radioactivity in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. This biodistribution study revealed that over 14 hrs, 54% and 3% of [(3)H] CMT-3 were excreted in the feces and urine, respectively. The serum [(3)H] CMT-3 count reached its maximum value at about 12 hours. The tissues retained the CMTs as follow: muscle (23%); skin (2.41%); bone (1.72%); and the brain retained 0.21% of the label. The radioactive CMT-3 in the visceral organs is as follows: GI tract - its contents (8.9%); heart (0.41%), testis (0.41%); lungs >(0.16%); spleen (0.08%); liver (0.03%); kidneys > (0.02%).
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PMID:Biodistribution of radiolabeled [(3)H] CMT-3 in rats. 1117 79

21 healthy persons, 7 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and 4 patients with chronic generalized gingivitis aged between 18 and 42 years were examined. Air from the oral cavity was collected with a special device; liquid samples were collected by washing the oral cavity with sterile water. Chemical compounds of the air and the washed liquid were analyzed by chromato-mass-spectrometry, gas-adsorption and gas-liquid chromatography. The content of dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide increased in the oral air and such volatile short chain fatty acids (VSCFA) as butyrate, propionate, acetate rose, but their aldehydes (butyraldehyde, acrolein, acetaldehyde decreased in oral fluid during periodontitis. The concentration of these compounds were found to be between the levels in control persons and during periodontitis. The content of pentane decreased in oral air. That depended on the intensity of inflammation and vessel disturbances. The results suggest that VSCFA produced by Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Fusobacterium and other periodontopathic bacteria, penetrate the oral mucosa and severely harm the periodontal tissue. The increase of dimethyl sulphide contributed to oral malodor during periodontal inflammation.
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PMID:[Volatile compounds in air and oral saliva in healthy people, and in periodontitis and gingivitis patients]. 1123 58

New products and treatment modalities for the management of periodontal disease continue to offer the clinician a large number of choices, many of which involve antimicrobials. Specific pathogenic bacteria play a central role in the etiology and pathogenesis of destructive periodontal disease. Under suitable conditions, periodontal pathogens colonize the subgingival environment and are incorporated into a tenacious biofilm. Successful prevention and treatment of periodontitis is contingent upon effective control of the periodontopathic bacteria. This is accomplished by professional treatment of diseased periodontal sites and patient-performed plaque control. Attention to community factors, such as water contamination and bacterial transmission among family members, facilitates preventive measures and early treatment for the entire family. Subgingival mechanical debridement, with or without surgery, constitutes the basic means of disrupting the subgingival biofilm and controlling pathogens. Appropriate antimicrobial agents that can be administered systemically (antibiotics) or via local delivery (povidone-iodine) may enhance eradication or marked suppression of subgingival pathogens. Microbiological testing may aid the clinician in the selection of the most effective antimicrobial agent or combination of agents. Understanding the benefits and limitations of antibiotics and antiseptics will optimize their usefulness in combating periodontal infections.
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PMID:Responsible use of antimicrobials in periodontics. 1132 32

Success of fluoride in combating dental caries led to study of fluoride on periodontal disease, but studies are less reported in literature and results are varied in nature. To address this issue, the study was conducted to assess severity of periodontal disease among (n = 283) 36-45 years old adults residing in area of different concentration of fluoride in drinking water. The villages selected were having fluoride concentration in their drinking water are Shamnur (0.5 PPMF), Kundawada (1.1 ppmF) and Halebathi (3.17 ppm). Ion Selective Electrode Method (OrionUSA) estimated fluoride in drinking water. Community Periodontal Index (WHO, 1997) and Plaque Index (Silness and Loe, 1967) was used to assess periodontal status. There was consistent decrease in mean plaque score from 1.45+ _0.024 at 0.51 ppm, 1.21+ _0.009 at 1.1 ppm, and 1.12+ _0.08 at 3.17 ppm fluoride area. This difference was significant statistically (P < 0.001). As the fluoride concentration in drinking water increased there was decrease in severity of prevalence of periodontitis. This difference in observation was significant statistically (P < 0.05). There were no effects of fluoride on calculus, since little variability was found in three different fluoride areas. Thus it was concluded from the study results that the increase in fluoride concentration decreased the plaque accumulation. decreased the shallow and deep pockets. Hence lower prevalence and severity of periodontal disease.
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PMID:Prevalence of periodontal disease in endemically flourosed areas of Davangere Taluk, India. 3090 Jun 80


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