Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A clinical study using non-vital maxillary central incisors exhibiting acute apical periodontitis was carried out to evaluate the incidence of post-operative pain after biomechanical preparation and dressing with a calcium-hydroxide paste or a corticosteroid-antibiotic solution. Sixty teeth from 48 patients were prepared and dressed on the first visit and re-evaluated clinically 7 days later. No difference was observed in the incidence of post-operative pain between the two groups.
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PMID:Acute apical periodontitis: incidence of post-operative pain using two different root canal dressings. 982 37

Recently, we have shown positive correlations between high salivary calcium content and periodontitis, and between high salivary calcium level and the number of intact teeth in selected groups of subjects. The aim of our present study was to determine whether these correlations could be seen in a randomized group of healthy adults. A thorough oral examination including orthopantomograms was carried out for a total of 137 healthy subjects, 63 men (35.4+/-5.6 years) and 74 women (33.2+/-4.7 years). Paraffin-stimulated saliva was collected from the subjects and salivary flow (ml/min), buffering capacity, calcium (mMol/l) and microbial variables including lactobacilli, yeasts, mutans streptococci, total streptococci, total number of aerobes, and anaerobes were determined. The calcium level of whole saliva had a median of 1.23 mMol/l. Subjects with calcium level below the median were categorized as 'low', while those with higher values formed the 'high' salivary calcium group. There were more men than women in the 'High' salivary calcium group (p=0.025). Subjects in the 'high' calcium group showed more bleeding on probing (p=0.026), had more intact teeth (p=0.045), and lower DMF-scores (p=0.025) than their counterparts. No other differences were found between the two groups. We found clear associations between the level of salivary calcium and factors reflecting gingival health on one hand, and dental health on the other in a randomly selected group of healthy subjects, and conclude that salivary calcium may be important with regard to both dental and gingival health.
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PMID:Associations between salivary calcium and oral health. 984 1

Teeth with induced chronic periradicular periodontitis in dogs were root canal treated. After the biomechanical preparation, using K files and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite as the irrigant solution, all root canals were dressed with an antibacterial dressing based on calcium hydroxide, which was left in place for 7 days. After this time, the root canals were obturated with lateral condensation of cold gutta-percha with either a calcium hydroxide root canal filling material (Sealapex) or a zinc oxide-eugenol sealer (Fill Canal). After 270 days, histopathological analysis showed better apical and periapical repair in the teeth obturated with Sealapex (P < 0.05).
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PMID:Effect of different root canal sealers on periapical repair of teeth with chronic periradicular periodontitis. 986 33

The anti-resorptive properties of tetracyclines (TCs) and their non-antimicrobial, chemically modified analogues (CMTs) have enormous therapeutic potential in medicine and dentistry. Osseous destructive diseases associated with excessive mammalian collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase) activity and collagen breakdown include malignancy, arthritis, and periodontitis. However, apart from the significant antimatrix metalloproteinase effects of TCs, TCs/CMTs are also potent inhibitors of osteoclast function (i.e., anti-resorptive). Thus, TCs can affect several parameters of osteoclast function and consequently inhibit bone resorption by (1) altering intracellular calcium concentration and interacting with the putative calcium receptor; (2) decreasing ruffled border area; (3) diminishing acid production; (4) diminishing the secretion of lysosomal cysteine proteinases (cathepsins); (5) inducing cell retraction by affecting podosomes; (6) inhibiting osteoclast gelatinase activity; (7) selectively inhibiting osteoclast ontogeny or development; and (8) inducing apoptosis or programmed cell death of osteoclasts. TCs/CMTs, as anti-resorptive drugs, may act similarly to bisphosphonates and primarily affect osteoclast function.
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PMID:Effects of tetracyclines on bone metabolism. 997 23

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are capable of cleaving almost all macromolecules of the extracellular connective tissue matrix and are thought to play a major role in tissue destructive inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of siderophores, which are iron-chelating molecules produced by a variety of microorganisms, on the activity of MMP-2. Heat-denatured type I collagen (gelatin) was incubated with p-aminophenylmercuric acetate-activated MMP-2 and siderophores. Degradation of gelatin was monitored by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie blue staining. Ferrichrome, rhodotorulic acid, desferoxamine mesylate and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid were found to inhibit the MMP-2 activity whereas beta-phenylpyruvic acid had no effect. The inhibition could be reversed by adding an excess calcium chloride or ferric chloride to the assay mixtures. Our study suggests that microbial siderophores may represent new-potential therapeutic molecules for the treatment of destructive inflammatory diseases involving excess MMP-2 activity, such as periodontitis.
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PMID:Effect of microbial siderophores on matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity. 1008 86

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a host cell-derived proteolytic enzyme family which plays a major role in tissue-destructive inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) on MMP-2 (gelatinase A), MMP-9 (gelatinase B), and MMP-8 (collagenase 2) activity. Heat-denatured type I collagen (gelatin) was incubated with pure human MMP-2 or -9 activated with p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA), and the proteolytic degradation of gelatin was monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Coomassie blue staining. The effect of CHX on MMP-8 activity was also studied with a cellular model addressing the ability of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-triggered human peripheral blood neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) to degrade native type I collagen. CHX inhibited the activities of both gelatinases (A and B), but MMP-2 appeared to be more sensitive than MMP-9. Adding calcium chloride to the assay mixtures almost completely prevented the inhibition of MMP-9 activity by CHX, while the inhibition of MMP-2 activity could be reversed only when CHX was used at a low concentration. This observation suggests that CHX may act via a cation-chelating mechanism. CHX dose-dependently inhibited collagenolytic activity of MMP-8 released by PMA-triggered PMNs. MMP-8 without APMA activation was inhibited clearly more efficiently than APMA-activated MMP-8. Our study suggests that the direct inhibition of the MMPs' activities by CHX may represent a new valuable effect of this antimicrobial agent and explains, at least in part, the beneficial effects of CHX in the treatment of periodontitis.
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PMID:Inhibition of the activities of matrix metalloproteinases 2, 8, and 9 by chlorhexidine. 1022 52

This study was performed to evaluate radiographic healing of teeth with apical periodontitis, treated in one visit or in two visits (a) with or (b) without calcium hydroxide as an intracanal disinfecting medicament. The patients were assigned one of the three treatment groups by the throwing of a die. The Periapical Index (PAI) Scoring Method was used to compare differences in periapical status from the beginning of treatment to a 52-wk follow-up evaluation. Overall, the periapical status of the treated teeth improved significantly after 52 wk (p < 0.0001). A PAI score of 1 or 2 was considered as representing a "good" periapical status while 3, 4, or 5 was a "bad" status. When base line PAI scores were controlled for, the calcium hydroxide group showed the most improvement in PAI score (3, 4, or 5 to 1 or 2), followed by the one-step group (74% vs. 64%). The teeth that were left empty between visits had clearly inferior healing results. Power statistics were conducted to determine the numbers required for significant differences between the groups, and it was shown that large experimental groups on the order of hundreds of patients would be required to show significant differences.
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PMID:Endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: single vs. multivisit treatment. 1053 Feb 59

Histological periapical healing of infected roots obturated in one-step or with prior calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) disinfection was compared. Seventy-two roots of vital dog teeth were instrumented to ISO size 45. Sixty roots were infected with dental plaque and closed. Six weeks later, apical periodontitis was radiographically confirmed in the infected roots. The teeth were divided into the following groups: group 1, one-step (n = 24)-roots were irrigated with 10 ml of saline, obturated, and permanently restored; group 2, Ca(OH)2 (n = 24)-roots were treated as in group 1, except that after saline irrigation, Ca(OH)2 dressing was placed in the canal for 1 wk before obturation; group 3, positive control (n = 12)--the roots were irrigated with saline, but the canals were not obturated; and an additional group, group 4, served as a negative control (n = 12)--these teeth that were not infected with plaque were aseptically obturated. The dogs were sacrificed after 6 months. The roots and surrounding apical tissues were prepared and histologically examined by two independent evaluators blinded to the treatment groups. A two-way ANOVA test demonstrated that the four treatment groups were significantly different from one another. The positive control showed the most inflammation, the negative control the least, and the Ca(OH)2 group had significantly less inflammation than the one-step group (p < 0.05). It is concluded that Ca(OH)2 disinfection before obturation of infected root canals results in significantly less periapical inflammation than obturation alone.
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PMID:Histological periapical repair after obturation of infected root canals in dogs. 1053 Feb 63

Children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have a lower salivary flow rate, pH and buffer capacity, but a higher glucose content and peroxidase, IgA, magnesium and calcium concentration, in comparison with healthy children. Nevertheless the incidence of caries is lower than normal in diabetic children with good metabolic control. Periodontal disease usually starts at puberty as mild gingivitis with bleeding and gingival recession, and it may develop into severe periodontitis, especially in children with poor control of diabetes. Microangiopathy, impaired immune response, different bacterial microflora and collagen metabolism are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic periodontal disease. The gingival flora is mostly composed of Gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria, while collagen has a lower solubility and is atrophic and inadequate to support the occlusion forces. For these reasons, prevention of periodontitis is important in diabetic children; they should receive oral hygiene instruction and visit a dentist at least twice a year.
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PMID:Oral health in children and adolescents with IDDM--a review. 1070 31

Human gingival crevicular fluid contains unidentified proteins which might play a role as markers in periodontal diseases. Therefore, low-molecular-weight proteins found in human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), but absent from serum, were identified in the present study by means of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) analysis. GCF, serum, and whole saliva were collected from periodontitis and healthy subjects, as well as from edentulous and newborn subjects. Protein samples were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, stained with silver, and compared with reference protein maps in the SWISS-2D PAGE database. In GCF and saliva from periodontitis patients and healthy subjects, four dominant low-molecular-mass (from 8 to 14 kDa) acidic spots were observed. They were not found in serum and were less visible in saliva from edentulous and newborn subjects. From N-terminal amino acid sequencing, the two 2-D protein spots of 8 kDa and isoelectric points between 6.5 and 7.0 were both identified as protein MRP8 (SI00A8), a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. Using peptide mass fingerprinting and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), we identified the other two protein spots, with mass of 14 kDa and isoelectric points between 5.5 and 6.0, as protein MRP14 (S100A9), also belonging to the S100 family. The presence of MRP8 and MRP14 in GCF was confirmed by Western blot, with monoclonal antibodies. The two polypeptides, MRP8 and MRP14, identified in GCF represent the major difference between the 2-D PAGE patterns of serum and GCF, and we hypothesize that they may play an important role in the gingival sulcus and could represent possible markers for periodontal diseases.
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PMID:Human gingival crevicular fluid contains MRP8 (S100A8) and MRP14 (S100A9), two calcium-binding proteins of the S100 family. 1072 75


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