Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because of the patient's age and the width of the apical foramen, conventional or surgical root canal fillings are frequently not indicated for the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis in teeth whose roots have not yet fully grown. Therefore resorbable paste fillings are applied either to induce deposition of apical hard substance or to bridge the time until root canal filling is possible. In a comparative clinical and radiological study in 171 young patients, Walkhoff's iodoform paste and calcium hydroxide were examined with regard to their inductive effect on the formation of an apical hard substance barrier.
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PMID:[Therapy of chronic apical periodontitis in traumatically injuring front teeth with ongoing root growth]. 26 65

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a proinflammatory enzyme in the synovial fluids of all--and sera of some--patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Due to the similarities in pathogenesis between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, we sought to study the enzymatic properties of PLA2 in periodontal tissue. In this study, we demonstrated PLA2 activity in rat gingival tissue, about 80% of which was present in the cytosolic fraction. We characterized the cytosolic PLA2 enzyme with respect to substrate specificity, sensitivity to detergent, Ca2+ ion dependency and optimum pH. We found that phosphatidylethanolamine, rather than phosphatidylcholine, was the preferred substrate, the Ca2+ ion was essential for the expression of PLA2 activity, the enzyme was active over a broad pH range, with the optimum at pH 9.0, and sodium-deoxycholate inhibited the enzyme activity strongly in a concentration-dependent manner. These results are consistent with those which have been obtained with synovial fluid PLA2 and suggest that gingival PLA2 may be involved in the pathogenic processes of gingivitis and periodontitis.
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PMID:Phospholipase A2 in rat gingival tissue. 140 82

In essence, endodontics as a clinical discipline is concerned with the prevention and treatment of pulpal and periapical infection. In recent research the infective process has been investigated as well as the mechanisms by which the pulp and periodontium deal with microbial insults. With regard to the pulp, findings on the hemodynamics of pulpitis suggest that the inflammatory response in this tissue is much less influenced by the special anatomic environment of the tooth than was previously believed. Pulpal diseases are being underdiagnosed, mostly because of inadequate examination methods. Laser Doppler flowmetry which gives a vascular rather than a nervous response may gain importance in pulpal diagnostics in the future. It is established that apical periodontitis with bone resorption cannot develop in the absence of bacteria in the root canal system. Root canal infection is characterized by a wide variety of combinations of relatively few anaerobic bacteria, and bacterial synergism plays an important role in maintaining the infection. Microbial invasion of an apical granuloma may take place. Non-oral and environmental organisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently isolated from treatment-resistant cases. Success of endodontic treatment depends on the reduction or elimination of the infecting bacteria. This may predictably be obtained after a thorough chemo-mechanical instrumentation and disinfection of the root canal with calcium hydroxide. The standardized technique which entails the preparation of a cylindrical apical box with removal of significant amounts of dentin near the root apex predictably gives a clean canal. This technique has provided excellent clinical and radiographic results in well documented follow-up studies.
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PMID:Recent development in endodontic research. 155 4

Fourteen male patients with periodontitis and 10 patients free of periodontitis were included in the study. The concentrations of testosterone (T), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) were measured in serum and parotid saliva. Patients with periodontitis had increased Ca and decreased Zn serum levels, and they had decreased Ca and increased T levels in parotid saliva. Furthermore, there was a low correlation between parotid saliva T and Mg levels in the patients with periodontitis (r = 0.61, n = 14, t = 2.663, p less than 0.005), and there is an inverse relationship between serum and parotid saliva Mg levels (r = - 0.58, n = 14, t = 2.468, p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Serum and parotid saliva testosterone, calcium, magnesium, and zinc levels in males, with and without periodontitis. 172 75

Peripheral PMNs were collected from blood, and crevicular PMNs separated by filtration from gingival washings in 13 patients, aged 22-75 y, who had varying degrees of gingivitis and periodontitis. After pre-incubation with cytochalasin B, the same number of crevicular and peripheral cells were incubated either in PBS (with Ca2+ and Mg2+) (spontaneous release) or in the same buffer containing increasing concentrations of FMLP (stimulated release); elastase activity was measured in the supernatant by a fluorometric technique. There was a higher spontaneous release of enzyme from crevicular than from peripheral neutrophils. The average elastase activity in the supernatant of 1 x 10(4) crevicular cells was more than five times higher than that obtained from the same number of peripheral cells. However, stimulated crevicular PMNs liberated smaller amounts of enzyme than did stimulated peripheral PMNs. These results suggest that crevicular PMNs are already releasing elastase, and are consistent with the possibility that lysosomal enzymes contribute to tissue damage during gingivitis and periodontitis.
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PMID:In vitro release of elastase from human blood and gingival crevicular neutrophils. 177 24

An apical dentine sampling technique was applied in order to monitor the bacteriology of the pulp canal and radicular dentine before and during treatment of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. Twenty-three teeth with a radiographic diagnosis of apical periodontitis were studied. They were subjected to a standardized two-appointment treatment regimen of extensive apical reaming in the absence of antimicrobial agents and 1-week dressing with calcium hydroxide. Bacteriological samples were taken from the root canal at the start, and apical dentine samples at the end, of each sitting. Provision was made to allow growth of anaerobic bacteria. All root canals but one showed growth at the start of treatment. Dentine samples were positive in 14 of the 23 teeth at the end of the first appointment. Eight of the 23 canals had detectable growth from the canal at the start of the second appointment, but in sufficient numbers for quantification in only one root canal. The subsequent dentine samples were otherwise negative at the second appointment. There was a tendency for teeth causing symptoms to harbour more bacteria than symptomless teeth.
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PMID:Effects of extensive apical reaming and calcium hydroxide dressing on bacterial infection during treatment of apical periodontitis: a pilot study. 191 83

The study was conducted on 27 Californian breed rabbits and 55 albino mongrel rats. Periodontitis was reproduced in the animals by the ligature method, with the development of clinico-radiological signs characteristic of the disease and similar to those in humans. Correcting therapy of experimental periodontitis by means of lysozymy ultraphonophoresis contributed to the arrest of inflammation in the periodontal tissues, restoration of the calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood serum of the animals, and increase of local and general unspecific resistance of the organism.
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PMID:[Modelling and treatment of experimental inflammation of the periodontium]. 208 65

The efficacy of a biogenic paste containing calcium phosphate and chondroitin sulfate was studied in dogs with experimental chronic periodontitis. The paste exerted a therapeutic effect on the periapical inflammatory destructive foci, relieving the inflammation and stimulating the reparative processes in the bone.
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PMID:[The therapeutic effect of a biogenic paste in experimental chronic periodontitis]. 210 74

The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of three intracanal medicaments on the incidence of post-instrumentation flare-ups. All teeth were instrumented to a predetermined minimum size using a 0.5% solution of sodium hypochlorite as the irrigant. Formocresol, Ledermix, and calcium hydroxide were placed in strict sequence irrespective of the presence or absence of symptoms or radiographic signs of apical periodontitis. The patients were given written post-operative instructions and a prescription for 600 mg ibuprofen to be taken if mild to moderate pain developed. If severe pain and/or swelling developed the patient was instructed to call the office immediately and was considered to have had a flare-up. Twelve flare-ups occurred in teeth with radiographic signs of apical periodontitis; none in teeth without periapical radiolucencies. Six of the twelve flare-ups occurred in retreatment cases and the other six occurred in teeth without previous endodontic treatment. No significant difference was found in the flare-up rate among the three intracanal medicaments.
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PMID:Relationship of intracanal medicaments to endodontic flare-ups. 213 14

We examined PGE2 synthesis using inflamed and non-inflamed GCF PMNs and PB PMNs in the presence and absence of certain stimulators. The basal levels of PGE2 release from GCF PMNs isolated from ligature-induced gingival sulcus with a GI value over 2.2 were significantly lower than those from GCF PMNs isolated from sham operated sites with a GI value below 2.1. Levels were comparable to those from PB PMNs isolated at each experimental period, indicating that the amount of PGE2 synthesized by GCF PMNs is not correlated exactly with the severity of periodontitis. Calcium ionophore A23187 stimulated PGE2 synthesis by all PMN preparations. When compared to those with inflamed and non-inflamed GCF PMNs, stimulation was higher with PB PMNs. However, the chemotactic factor fMLP inhibited the synthesis by inflamed and non-inflamed GCF PMNs. PGE2 synthesis by PB PMNs isolated after periodontal operation was stimulated by the drug, but those cells isolated before the operation did not respond.
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PMID:[Production of prostaglandin E2 by polymorphonuclear neutrophils isolated from gingival crevicular fluid and peripheral blood of dogs in periodontal health and disease]. 213 75


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