Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present investigation was undertaken to determine the influence of systemically administered tetracycline on periodontitis in the rat. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were arranged into two groups, one group received 21 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride each day for 10 weeks in the drinking water. Periodontitis was induced in the maxillary left segment with a 0.008 inch stainless steel ligature wire and by modifying the normal diet with sucrose. The direct microscopic and histometric measurements obtained were analyzed for statistical significance, which revealed the following: 1. Tetracycline-treated animals demonstrated significantly less resorption of the buccal alveolar bone. There were no statistical differences however, in the amount of alveolar bone resorption palatally or interdentally. 2. Tetracycline-treated animals demonstrated significantly less apical migration of the junctional epithelium on the distal root of the maxillary first molar tooth. 3. Tetracycline-treated animals demonstrated significantly fewer inflammatory cells. In conclusion, long term systemic administration of tetracycline in the rat may be of value in reducing the amount of tissue destruction in experimentally induced periodontitis.
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PMID:Long term effect of systemic tetracycline administration on the severity of induced periodontitis in the rat. 29 76

This study investigated the effects of root planing and/or the placement of acrylic strips containing chlorhexidine, metronidazole or tetracycline on the composition and antimicrobial susceptibility of the subgingival flora in chronic periodontitis. 101 periodontal pockets from 73 patients were entered into 6 treatment groups which were, chlorhexidine, metronidazole or tetracycline strips, root planing, root planing followed by metronidazole strips and a control, no treatment group. Total anaerobic counts and anaerobe/aerobe ratios were estimated from samples taken before treatment and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. In addition, a more detailed analysis of the effects of the treatments on the subgingival flora was carried out on 12 pockets in 12 patients. Tetracycline strips, metronidazole strips and root planing and metronidazole strips were more effective than chlorhexidine strips in causing reductions in total anaerobic count and anaerobe/aerobe ratio. However, the changes in microbial parameters rebounded to approach baseline levels 4 weeks after treatment. Chlorhexidine caused no detectable changes in the composition of the subgingival microflora, while metronidazole had a variable effect. Tetracycline appeared to effect major shifts in the composition of the microflora of treated pockets but caused a marked selection of tetracycline-resistant organisms.
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PMID:The effects of antimicrobial acrylic strips on the subgingival microflora in chronic periodontitis. 160 37

This investigation was conducted on seven individuals referred for treatment of moderate adult periodontitis. Twenty-eight sites with an average probing depth of 5.6 +/- 0.9 mm were evaluated. One tooth per jaw quadrant was randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: (I) no treatment, i.e., control; (II) saline irrigation; (III) tetracycline irrigation and (IV) scaling and root planing (SC/RP). A plaque control program was instituted one week prior to the experimental period and reinforced throughout the eight-week study. Irrigation was performed every 48 hours during the first two weeks of the experiment for Groups II and III, and the single treatment of SC/RP was carried out immediately following the baseline examination for Group IV. Clinical and microbiologic changes were monitored every two weeks using plaque and gingival indices, gingival fluid flow, probing depths, bleeding on probing and dark-field microscopic examination of the subgingival microbial flora. The tetracycline and SC/RP treatment modalities resulted in statistically significant clinical and microbiological improvements when compared with the control. Tetracycline irrigation alone and SC/RP alone had a similar effect in changing the subgingival microflora from one associated with disease to one associated with health. Thus, these treatment modalities are effective methods of producing statistically significant alterations in the subgingival microflora. The property of substantivity may contribute to the sustained duration of the effect of locally delivered tetracycline.
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PMID:Clinical and microbiologic effects of local tetracycline irrigation on periodontitis. 329 Apr 30

A pathologically migrated maxillary central incisor tooth with a poor periodontal prognosis was treated successfully with conventional periodontal therapy. After almost 4 years, an extensive periodontal lesion developed on the same tooth and extraction was recommended. The patient did not comply and the acute symptoms disappeared after the administration of 1 gm of Tetracycline a day for 2 weeks. Although no definitive periodontal therapy was done, complete resolution of the lesion occurred with the healing of the structures of the periodontium and a dramatic reduction in mobility of the tooth. Antibacterial therapy could be an effective means of treating some periodontal lesions once a more exact and direct association is established between the various clinical forms of periodontitis and specific periodontal or groups of pathogens.
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PMID:Repair of an extensive periodontal defect after tetracycline administration. A case report. 345 37

The subgingival microbiologic composition of diseased periodontal sites was evaluated by darkfield microscopy before and after scaling or local delivery of tetracycline. A standardized sampling and counting method using a crevicular washing technique was developed to determine both numbers and proportions of morphotypes using darkfield microscopy. Tetracycline-loaded hollow fibers established an initial intrasulcular concentration of 200,000 micrograms/ml, which decreased exponentially to 15 micrograms/ml in 24 hours. Repetitive intrasulcular placement of these fibers at periodontitis sites produced an incremental reduction in bacterial counts over a 10-day period. Monolithic fibers made of ethylene vinyl acetate loaded with 25% tetracycline hydrochloride provided sustained release for 10 days under in vitro test conditions. Ten patients were treated in a study comparing the effects of these fibers with scaling. Fibers were placed subgingivally to fill pockets to their probable depth and covered with a periodontal dressing which was maintained for 10 days. The average intrasulcular tetracycline concentration measured at the end of the 10-day period was 643 micrograms/ml. At these sites, total counts, spirochetes, motile rods and nonmotile rods were significantly reduced immediately following treatment. Total counts were depressed to levels near the detection limit of darkfield microscopy. In comparison, scaling produced much smaller alterations of darkfield counts which were not statistically significant.
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PMID:Periodontal disease treatment by local drug delivery. 389 59

Tetracycline in combination with scaling and root planing is frequently used to treat refractory periodontal disease. This study examined tetracycline resistance in bacteria recovered from periodontal pockets of patients with refractory periodontitis. Bacterial isolates resistant to 10 micrograms/ml of tetracycline were isolated from plaque samples of 17 patients, of whom 6 had received tetracycline within 8 weeks prior to sampling. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tetracycline and minocycline were determined by agar dilution. In the 6 patients who had received tetracycline, a mean of 22.9% (+/- 38.2) of the total cultivable subgingival flora were resistant to tetracycline, compared with a mean of 7.2% (+/- 8.5) in the untreated group. Although various organisms were isolated, in most patients, the tetracycline-resistant organisms were dominated by Streptococcus spp. Overgrowth of Candida was found in one patient, and of Enterobacteriaceae in another patient, while small numbers of yeast or Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from the plaque samples of 9 others. 3 out of 4 patients who did not respond to tetracycline treatment had a variety of tetracycline-resistant anaerobic Gram-negative rods present. No correlation was found between increased proportions of tetracycline resistance in the whole bacterial sample and the presence of resistant periodontal pathogens.
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PMID:Tetracycline-resistant micro-organisms recovered from patients with refractory periodontal disease. 760 21

Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 68 patients with adult periodontitis, enumerated on Trypticase-soy blood agar plates, with and without tetracycline at 4 micrograms/ml, and incubated anaerobically for 5 days. Each different colony morphotype was enumerated, and a representative colony was subcultured for identification and examined for the tetracycline resistance gene tet(M). Both PCR amplification and DNA hybridization, using a fragment of tet(M) from Tn1545, were used to detect tet(M). The PCR primers (5'-GACACGCCAGGACATATGG-3' and 5'-TGCTTTCCTCTTGTTCGAG-3') were chosen to amplify a 397 bp region of tet(M). Tetracycline-resistant bacteria represented approximately 12% of the total viable count. The percentage of tet(M)-positive bacteria in the tetracycline resistant microflora varied from < or = 0.05 to 83% (mean of 10%). tet(M) was detected in 60% of 204 tetracycline-resistant strains subcultured and identified. The tet(M) containing strains consisted of streptococci (55%, mainly S. intermedius, S. oralis, S. sanguis, and Streptococcus SM4), Actinomyces D01 (14%), Bifidobacterium D05 (11%), and Veillonella spp. (10%). Tetracycline-resistant strains in which tet(M) was not detected included the Prevotella and Bacteroides species (41%, mainly Bacteroides D28, P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, and P. oris). These results suggest that tet(M) is widely spread in the adult periodontal microflora, but it appears, with the exception of S. intermedius, to be mainly associated with microorganisms not considered to be periodontopathogens. Assessment of other tetracycline-resistant genes in oral organisms is needed to fully evaluate the nature of resistance to this antibiotic in the oral flora.
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PMID:Detection and incidence of the tetracycline resistance determinant tet(M) in the microflora associated with adult periodontitis. 773 Sep 61

The clinical effects of subgingivally placed 1% chlorhexidine gel (w/w) and 40% tetracycline (w/w) paste in periodontal pockets of 22 adult periodontitis patients were studied. The 2 agents were applied following scaling and root planing in pockets exceeding 4 mm. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: (a) scaling and root planing (SCRP) only, the control group; (b) corsodyl gel+SCRP; (c) Tetracycline paste+SCRP. Gel or paste were gently applied using a syringe with a blunt needle until the selected pocket was overfilled. Evaluations were made of clinical parameters including the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding index (GI-S), probing pocket depths, probing attachment levels and position of the gingival margin. The results suggested that all the treatment modalities were effective in producing statistically significant improvements in clinical parameters. It was concluded that the conventional treatment modalities were essential in the treatment of periodontal diseases, but in view of the structure of the periodontal pocket and adjacent complex root surface, subgingival drug application in certain cases, might also provide adjunctive improvement.
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PMID:Influence of a single application of subgingival chlorhexidine gel or tetracycline paste on the clinical parameters of adult periodontitis patients. 803 81

Antimicrobial agents are used in combination with debridement to eliminate putative periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, from diseased tissues. The most frequently used antimicrobial agents are the tetracyclines. However, these agents are not effective in some patients. This lack of efficacy may be due to antimicrobial resistance. As many as 75% of the bacteria in the subgingival flora may be resistant to tetracycline after long-term, low-dose treatment. Tetracycline resistance is mediated by the tet(M) determinant in some isolates of Veillonella species and Fusobacterium nucleatum, while a DNA probe to the tet(Q) determinant hybridizes to isolates of Prevotella denticola and P. intermedia. The mechanism of tetracycline resistance for most periodontal organisms, however, has yet to be determined. Before tetracycline is used as adjunctive therapy for refractory periodontitis, the subgingival bacterial flora should be tested for susceptibility.
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PMID:Tetracycline resistance in periodontal pathogens. 832 37

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), produced by both infiltrating and resident cells of the periodontium, play a role in physiologic (e.g., tooth eruption) and pathologic (e.g., periodontitis) events. The evidence for the role of MMPs in periodontal destruction has accumulated over three and a half decades, and it is now recognized that an imbalance between activated MMPs and their endogenous inhibitors leads to pathologic breakdown of the extracellular matrix during periodontitis. This understanding has stimulated the search for a number of synthetic inhibitors that could be used as potential therapeutic agents. Tetracycline analogues, as proteinase inhibitors, are currently closer to being used clinically than any other agents in periodontal therapy. Other MMP inhibitors, such as Batimastat (British Bio-technology, Oxford, UK), are currently being tested clinically for inhibition of cancer metastasis and other diseases. Multiple mechanisms of MMP inhibition by tetracycline analogues have been proposed. The nonantimicrobial chemically modified tetracyclines are potent inhibitors of MMPs, preventing collagen breakdown and alveolar bone loss in animal models of periodontitis. In addition, nonantimicrobial low doses of the commercially available semisynthetic tetracycline doxycycline, have been used in human clinical trails to reduce MMP activity in the gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissues, with a resultant reduction in pocket depth and attachment loss. Of particular interest, periodontal research on the nonantimicrobial properties of tetracycline has generated new therapeutic approaches to a variety of medical disorders characterized by excess MMP activity.
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PMID:Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibition in periodontal treatment. 862 73


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