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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The gingival basement membrane antigens, Type IV collagen, bullous pemphigoid antigen and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigen were studied by indirect immunofluorescence in 11 gingival specimens from patients with periodontitis and 2 normal gingival specimens. In the normal control gingival specimens, the antigens were all present and stained with a continuous linear pattern. In periodontitis, alterations occurred in the gingival basement membrane antigens in the apical portion of the pockets. These included thinning, interruptions, partial or complete absence involving one or more rete pegs and fragmentation. These alterations may result form the disease process or play a role in the pathogenesis.
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PMID:The alteration in gingival basement membrane antigens in chronic periodontitis. 351 Dec 18

The present investigation was undertaken to examine whether a new connective tissue attachment will form on previously periodontitis-involved roots when reduced but healthy periodontal ligament tissue persists following periodontal treatment and the epithelium is prevented from migrating into the wound. In each of 4 monkeys, periodontal tissue breakdown was induced around one maxillary and one mandibular second premolar or first molar by placing orthodontic elastics around the teeth. The elastics were kept in situ until about 50% of the supporting tissues had been lost. 3 months following removal of the elastics, the crowns of the teeth were resected. The pocket epithelium and subjacent granulation tissue were excised and the cementum of the periodontitis-involved part of the roots was removed using a diamond bur. The roots were covered with a mucosal flap. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months of healing. The jaws were removed and histological sections of the experimental roots including their surrounding periodontal tissues were produced. The microscopic analysis disclosed that in all roots, new cementum with inserting collagen fibers had formed in the apical portion of the previously exposed root surfaces. It was always in continuity with the original cementum layer apical to the instrumental part of the root and was thickest in its apical portion, becoming gradually thinner in the coronal direction. In the roots, which for the entire length of the study remained covered by the oral mucosa, the extension in the coronal direction of this newly formed fibrous attachment amounted to an average of 1.0 mm with a range from 0.1 mm to 2.6 mm. These findings were interpreted to mean that new attachment is formed by coronal migration of cells originating from the periodontal ligament.
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PMID:New attachment formation on teeth with a reduced but healthy periodontal ligament. 385 71

The present study was designed to evaluate if the conditions for reformation of a connective tissue attachment are less favorable on root surfaces which have lost their fibrous attachment because of periodontal disease than on root surfaces surgically deprived of their attachment apparatus. In each of 4 Green monkeys, 2 maxillary and 2 mandibular teeth were selected for experimentation. Periodontal breakdown was produced and allowed to progress to the mid-root level around one of the experimental teeth in both the maxilla and mandible by placing elastic ligatures around the neck of these teeth. 3 months after removal of the ligatures, the crown of the teeth was resected and the epithelium and the subjacent granulation tissue were removed. Using a diamond bur, circumferential defects similar to those obtained by the ligature induced destruction were then produced around the remaining 2 experimental teeth following resection of the crown. The root cementum on both groups of teeth was removed to the level of the reduced bone height. Finally, all roots were submerged to complete coverage by a mucosal flap. After 3 months of healing, the animals were sacrificed and the jaws removed and placed in fixative. After decalcification, histological sections of the experimental roots and their surrounding periodontal tissues were produced. No histological differences in the result of healing were discernible between the specimens of previously periodontitis-affected roots and roots with surgically created defects. New cementum with inserting collagen fibers had formed in the apical part of the instrumented surface in both groups of teeth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:New attachment-reattachment following reconstructive periodontal surgery. 386 42

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of crevicular application of a collagen stabilizer on ligature-induced periodontal disease in beagle dogs. Fourteen male and female dogs, 15 months of age, were studied. The mandibular first molars and third and fourth premolars were ligated for 6 months and moderate periodontitis resulted. Ligatures were removed for 2 months and then replaced for an additional 3 months to experimentally mimic the episodic changes seen in human periodontal disease. Following this phase, ligatures were removed and the animals were assigned to a placebo or treatment group. Medications were then applied intracrevicularly, three times a week over 5 months using an IMAX irrigator. Clinical indices measured were plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid flow (GCF), attachment level (AL), pocket depth (PD) and standardized radiographic analysis of alveolar bone height. While overall changes in PI, GI and GCF were not significant, the results showed that alveolar bone regeneration was increased approximately twice as much in the treatment group as compared to the placebo group, PD improved by 20% vs. 12.5% (P less than 0.001) and AL improved by 8.8% vs. 4.5% (P less than 0.001). The data were also evaluated in terms of the response in more severe sites as compared to those less severe. The results of these evaluations showed the more severe sites to be significantly more responsive to treatment than the less severe sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The application of a collagen stabilizer to the gingiva of the beagle dog. Effect on ligature-induced periodontal disease. 388 72

Basement membranes in human gingiva are found in dento-epithelial junction, epithelial-connective tissue junction and endothelium-connective-tissue junction where they have important attachment and filtering functions. The ability of plaque and gingiva-derived proteinases to degrade Type IV collagen, the major protein of basement membranes, was examined in vitro. The basement membrane collagen (Type IV) isolated from bovine lens capsules was incubated in the presence of enzyme samples. The degradation was assayed by the release of hydroxyproline from the insoluble substrate and by examining the peptide pattern of the residue by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Salt extracts of inflamed gingival specimens degraded basement membrane collagen into soluble form and produced degradation products that were similar to those produced by human leukocyte extracts. Gingival crevicular fluid collected from patients with severe adult periodontitis also digested the substrate but the degradation pattern was different from the leukocyte and gingival extract samples. The pattern closely resembled the degradation produced by bacterial plaque extracts. A third type of cleavage was observed when collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum was incubated with basement membrane collagen. Crevicular fluid and the extracts from gingiva, leukocytes and plaque also contained gelatinase and elastase-like enzyme activities that have earlier been shown to be potent in degrading basement membrane. It was concluded that enzymes capable of degrading basement membrane collagen in gingivitis and periodontal disease may originate from both plaque bacteria and human leukocytes. It also appeared that the enzymes responsible are more likely to be gelatinase and elastase-like enzymes than specific collagenases.
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PMID:Degradation of basement membrane collagen by proteinases from human gingiva, leukocytes and bacterial plaque. 631 10

Epidemiologic studies have suggested that the severity of periodontitis is greater in juvenile and adult onset diabetes. In juvenile diabetic patients, the periodontal disease seems to be initiated around puberty and progresses by age. Reviewing the medical literature indicates a similar age of onset for known systemic complications resulting from diabetes. Angiopathy, abnormal collagen metabolism, abnormal PMN function, and altered sulcular microbial flora have been found to be closely associated with the severity of periodontitis in diabetic patients. The association between abnormal neutrophil function and severity of periodontal disease in diabetic patients provides an opportunity for examining the role of neutrophil in periodontal disease. Future investigation in the function of sulcular PMN may shed light on the complex mechanism of periodontal disease.
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PMID:Periodontal disease in juvenile and adult diabetic patients: a review of the literature. 635 23

Scurvy and periodontitis both manifest gingival bleeding but constitute separate entities. Defective collagen in scurvy reflects many symptoms emanating from deficient vitamin C physiology. The various periodontal diseases are caused by oral plaque micro-organisms, the body's reaction to which is strongly influenced by inadequate functioning of leucocytes and monocytes. Although certain infections and systemic diseases cause gingival bleeding, avitaminosis C does not cause commonly encountered periodontal disease, but will aggravate established periodontitis. Vitamin C should not be used for prophylaxis or cure of periodontitis in healthy well-nourished individuals. A patient with bleeding gingivae warrants referral to oral medicine and periodontics specialists for examination and treatment.
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PMID:Vitamin C, oral scurvy and periodontal disease. 637 27

Biochemical alterations in the connective tissue matrix are a common feature of many diseases, and they account in major part for their functional impairment. Such alterations are especially important in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases where they may take the form of degradation of matrix components or their excessive accumulation leading to fibrosis. Although a wealth of morphologic information is available, very little is known about these changes at the biochemical level. Using human gingival tissue as a model, we have carried out studies aimed at assessing the effects of chronic inflammation on the collagen isotypes comprising the connective tissue matrix. Tissue obtained from patients undergoing surgical treatment for periodontitis was separated on the basis of clinical features into healthy and inflamed portions. After confirming the inflammatory status of each specimen histologically, each set of tissue pairs was extracted at 4 degrees C in 0.5 M acetic acid containing 1 mg/ml of pepsin, and the extracted collagens were fractionated with NaCl. Alpha chains were separated by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis, and methods devised for their quantitation. The results showed that the proportions of type I and III collagens present in normal and inflamed tissues did not differ significantly. In contrast, the type V collagen, which accounted for 0.1 to 1.3% of the total collagens present in normal tissue, was increased by 2- to 9-fold in the chronically inflamed tissue. Because of the unique binding and connecting role type V collagen is thought to play, this alteration may have major pathologic and functional significance.
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PMID:The effect of chronic inflammation on the composition of collagen types in human connective tissue. 641 24

Bacterial invasion of the pocket epithelium and underlying connective tissue was found in seven cases of advanced human periodontitis. Four cases showed invasion of the epithelium as well as the connective tissue while in the other three cases bacterial invasion was limited to the pocket epithelium. The microorganisms observed included cocci, rods, filaments, fusiforms and spirochetes and these were morphologically similar to those observed in the apical zone of the subgingival plaque. Most bacteria showed typical Gram-negative cell walls. Bacteria were seen in enlarged epithelial intercellular spaces and among debris of disintegrated epithelial cells. In the connective tissue the bacteria were seen among remnants of collagen fibers and degenerated fibroblasts. Identification of the invading microorganisms may assist in understanding the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis.
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PMID:Bacterial invasion of periodontal tissues in advanced periodontitis in humans. 659 50

Previous studies showed that the systemic administration of soluble gold salts resulted in significantly less periodontal destruction after 2 weeks of experimentally induced periodontitis. The present study compared the ultrastructural characteristics of the inflammatory lesion in animals receiving gold salts (experimental) with those in animals that had not received gold salts (control). Maxillary gingival biopsy specimens were obtained from the buccal aspect of ligatured teeth after 2 weeks of experimental periodontitis. A cellular and extracellular ultrastructural characterization was done in an "epithelial and superficial connective-tissue zone," and a "deep connective-tissue zone." Experimental (gold-receiving) specimens had an intact sulcular epithelium with narrow intercellular spaces overlying a collagen dense connective tissue. Control specimens had a degenerating disrupted epithelium overlying a collagen-poor connective tissue in which polymorphonuclear leucocytes predominated and often were closely apposed to morphologically altered fibroblasts. The cellular distribution of electron-dense deposits of gold salts was demonstrated, and their possible role in modulating mechanisms of cell cytotoxicity and collagen turnover is discussed.
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PMID:Effects of gold salts on experimental periodontitis. III. Ultrastructural observations. 659 53


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