Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 antibody levels directed against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Bacteroides gingivalis were measured in the sera from systemically healthy subjects with and without periodontitis. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used that included coating of microtiter plates with LPS, and subsequent incubation with patient sera followed by mouse monoclonal subclass-specific antibodies, biotinylated sheep anti-mouse IgG and alkaline phosphatase conjugated to streptavidin. Anti-LPS IgG antibodies were dominated by IgG2, and moderate amounts only of IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 were found. The periodontitis patients had significantly higher anti-LPS IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 levels when compared to the subjects with healthy periodontium (p less than 0.05, Mann-Whitney test).
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PMID:IgG subclass distribution of serum antibodies against lipopolysaccharide from Bacteroides gingivalis in periodontal health and disease. 360 86

Interleukin-1 beta (Il-1 beta) is the predominant form of Il-1 produced by monocytes of the blood and by macrophages of various tissues. Human keratinocytes express both Il-1 alpha and Il-1 beta mRNA, but appear to produce mainly Il-1 alpha. The aim of this study was to determine the localization of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-1 beta receptors in human gingival epithelium by different immunohistochemical methods. The alkaline phosphatase and the immunogold staining technique, as well as fluorescence microscopy, were used to investigate active participation of gingival epithelial cells in the development of periodontitis. Biopsies of human interdental papillae showed some activity of epithelial cells in the production of Il-1 beta. Single cells, clusters or larger areas of the sulcular and oral epithelium appeared to produce Il-1 beta at inflamed sites, and in these areas the normal epithelial structure was disturbed. Epithelial cells grown from the same biopsies appear able to express specific receptor molecules for Il-1 beta under normal culture conditions. It is concluded that gingival keratinocytes might be activated by inflammatory irritants and participate actively in the inflammatory processes.
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PMID:Immunohistological determination of interleukin-1 beta in inflamed human gingival epithelium. 760 63

Memory T-cells and activated B-cells were identified in cryostat sections of adult periodontitis (AP) lesions and categorized in terms of frequency and distribution. Nineteen periodontitis biopsies were obtained at the time of periodontal surgery to remove residual periodontal pockets following the completion of initial preparation. Gingival tissues exhibited various degree of inflammation (GI of 0-2) but probing depths of > 4 mm and > 5 mm loss of attachment. As a control, 5 gingivitis specimens (GI of 1, probing depth and loss of attachment of < or = 3 mm) were obtained from premolar and third molar sites requiring extraction for either orthodontic treatment or pericoronitis. Serial cryostat sections (6 microns in thickness) were prepared from each biopsy, on which a double staining avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase and avidin-biotin alkaline phosphatase technique was used to identify CD4+, CD45RO+ memory T-cells and activated CD19+ B-cells expressing CD23 or CD25. In periodontitis lesions, the mean percentage of CD4+ cells expressing CD45RO was consistently high (65.9% in the crevicular (C) one-third (1/3), 61.2% in the middle (M) 1/3 and 62.5% in the oral (O) 1/3). This contrasts with the low mean percentage of CD4+, CD45RA+ naive T-cells (17.1% in the C 1/3, 14.8% in the M 1/3 and 12.4% in the O 1/3). In gingivitis specimens, the incidence of CD4+, CD45RO+ was 81.9% in the C 1/3, 81.1% in the M 1/3 and 89.0% in the O 1/3. This was higher than that of periodontitis biopsies. With CD4+, CD45RA+ the incidence was 10.0% in the C 1/3, 8.0% in the M 1/3, and 6.6% in the O 1/3 and the relationship to the periodontitis biopsies was reversed. However, the percentage of CD23+ and CD25+, CD19+ B-cells which were identified in 13 out of 19 samples from periodontitis varied significantly (0-100% for CD23, 0-36.2% for CD25) in spite of similar clinical status. The frequency of B-cells and activated B-cells in the gingivitis was much lower than that of periodontitis. These results indicate that both T-cells and B-cells were in active stage in periodontitis lesions. Differences of immunohistological features between gingivitis and periodontitis may be attributable to the heterogeneity of profiles of cytokine production by CD4+, CD45RO+ "memory' cells.
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PMID:Immunohistological analysis of memory T lymphocytes and activated B lymphocytes in tissues with periodontal disease. 769 33

Many pathogenic bacteria possess cell surface receptors which can bind immunoglobulins via the Fc portion. The aim of this study was to characterize the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc-binding activity of Prevotella intermedia, a suspected etiologic agent of adult chronic periodontitis. The Fc-binding activity of P. intermedia on whole cells and on extracellular vesicles was demonstrated. Incubation of P. intermedia cells in the presence of Zwittergent 3-14 allowed complete solubilization of the Fc receptor from the cell surface. This cell envelope extract was thus used to characterize the Fc-binding activity. A microtiter plate assay using alkaline phosphatase-labeled Fc fragments showed that preincubation of the cell envelope extract with human IgG, human IgG Fc fragments, or human serum completely inhibited the Fc-binding activity. Partial inhibition was obtained with human IgG F(ab')2 fragments, whereas no inhibition occurred following preincubation with human IgA, carbohydrates, and selected proteins. Preincubation of the cell envelope extract with IgG from a variety of animals demonstrated that rabbit, mouse, rat, goat, and sheep IgG did not inhibit Fc-binding activity, whereas cow, pig, and dog IgG partially inhibited Fc-binding activity. A strong inhibition comparable to that obtained with human IgG was noted with monkey IgG. The Fc receptor of P. intermedia is thus different from the six types previously reported in other nonoral bacteria. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting (immunoblotting) analysis of the cell envelope extract revealed a major band with a molecular mass of approximately 65 kDa which reacted with peroxidase-labeled human IgG Fe fragments. Transmission electron microscopy showed a uniform distribution of the Fc receptor on the bacterial surface, as revealed by gold labeling. The Fc-binding activity demonstrated in this study may act as an additional virulence factor for P. intermedia by reducing IgG reactions with the bacterial cell.
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PMID:Characterization of the human immunoglobulin G Fc-binding activity in Prevotella intermedia. 779 Jan 1

The present investigation was designed to assess the effects of strips made of different materials on the recovery of enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) (Experiment 1), and to examine a possible relationship between lysosomal enzyme activities and number of crevicular polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, GCF was collected with capillaries from 14 patients with periodontal disease, and applied on various test strips in microcentrifuged tubes or directly into tubes (controls). Strips were then shaken and centrifuged to elute GCF enzymes. The supernate was used for determinations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), beta-glucuronidase (BG) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. The % recoveries were calculated as relative percentages to controls. When using saline as eluent, 90% or more ALP, BG and AST were found to be recovered from strips of durapore and papers. More than 35% of ALP and BG was found to remain on paper points. However, the % recoveries from paper points were improved using eluent with 0.1% (w/v) cetyl pyridinium chloride. In Experiment 2, 54 GCF samples were collected from 3 periodontitis patients by using durapore strips, in order to measure both PMN numbers and BG activities in the same samples. The 2 parameters showed strong and positive correlation with 0.847 (p < 0.001) of the Pearson's correlation coefficient. These findings suggest that durapore is a useful material not only for counting PMNs but also for measuring activities of GCF enzymes. Elevation of BG activities in GCF can be due to increasing numbers of PMNs.
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PMID:The recovery efficiency of various materials for sampling enzymes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes from gingival crevices. 792 60

We investigated the expression of membrane alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity on fibroblasts in inflamed gingiva from 7 patients with adult periodontitis. ALP activity was ultrahistochemically detected by a cerium-based capture method. The degree of ALP activity was estimated by morphometric analysis of the percentage of the perimeter on which ALP reaction product was deposited. Fibroblasts in the non-inflammatory connective tissue were surrounded by bundles of collagen fibrils, and the majority of these fibroblasts showed ALP-negative or weakly ALP-positive reaction. By contrast, fibroblasts in the inflammatory connective tissue were either surrounded by a non-collagenous substance or in contact with inflammatory cells, and the majority of these fibroblasts showed a strong ALP-positive reaction. These results suggest that the expression of membrane ALP activity on gingival fibroblasts is induced by microenvironmental changes associated with the loss of contact between the cells and the extracellular collagenous matrix during inflammatory reactions.
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PMID:Expression of membrane alkaline phosphatase activity on gingival fibroblasts in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. 793 19

The purpose of this study was to compare, using cell blot analysis, the association of gingival tissue mononuclear cells (GTMC) isolated from lesions displaying histories of early-onset periodontitis (EOP; typically B-lymphocyte dominated) and gingivitis (typically T-lymphocyte dominated) with the B-cell stimulating cytokine, interleukin (IL)-4, and the T-cell stimulating cytokine, IL-2. Eleven EOP patients and 11 age- and gender-similar gingivitis control (GC) subjects participated. Gingival tissue adjacent to the alveolar crest normally removed during surgery was digested in collagenase-containing media and GTMC were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Cells were separated into four aliquots. One was left unstimulated; the remainder were stimulated for 2 hours with Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane protein, mitogen Concanavalin A, or common antigen tetanus toxoid. Cells then were centrifuged onto transfer membranes and incubated in RPMI 1640 media for 6 hours to allow absorption of secreted cytokine. Membranes were treated with monoclonal anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-4, followed by a biotin-conjugated second layer, streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-indolyl-phosphate (NBT/BCIP) color development. A higher percentage of GTMC from EOP patients were IL-2+ when stimulated with P. gingivalis compared with GTMC from GC patients (20 +/- 2% vs. 12 +/- 2%, P < 0.003). A higher percentage of non-stimulated GTMC from EOP patients produced IL-4 than from GC (22 +/- 4% vs. 6 +/- 3%, P < 0.00007), as well as when stimulated with P. gingivalis (22 +/- 3% vs. 13 +/- 2%, P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Gingival cell IL-2 and IL-4 in early-onset periodontitis. 799 15

The role of vascular endothelial cells (EC) in periodontitis was investigated in a series of histological studies. Expansion of the vasculature was found to occur with development of gingivitis and periodontitis. This was thought to contribute to the characteristic tissue degradation in the developing disease. Vascular expansion could also play a role in the formation of a previously unreported perivascular hyaline material (PHyM). Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are known to be protective in periodontitis, and the location, incidence and extent of PHyM suggested a role for PHyM in periodontitis by inhibiting PMN emigration. PMN emigration was found to occur from specialized high EC (HEC) lined post capillary venules. This was unexpected, as such vessels have previously been found to exchange lymphocytes almost exclusively. Detailed histochemical, ultrastructural and biosynthetic studies of these specialized blood vessels led to the suggestion that HEC may be specially adapted for the synthesis of cytokines in periodontitis. A negative association between expression of the membrane bound ectoenzyme, alkaline phosphatase, and HEC suggested a role for this enzyme in leukocyte emigration. These observations compel re-evaluation of the role of EC in chronic inflammation, and in periodontitis in particular. The direction of current and future work is discussed.
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PMID:The vascular response in chronic periodontitis. 801 66

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have often been measured in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as possible indicators of gingival inflammation and bone metabolism. Osteocalcin (OC), a major component of bone matrix, is mainly produced by osteoblasts, and could also be considered as a marker of bone turnover. The aims of this preliminary study were to examine if OC was present in GCF and to assess the relationships of OC, PGE2 and ALP in GCF to periodontal conditions. GCF samples were collected with durapore strips from 34 healthy, 72 gingivitis and 118 periodontitis sites in 17 subjects. ELISA techniques were used for the determinations of OC and PGE2. ALP was measured spectrophotometrically by using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. Total amounts and concentrations of PGE2 and ALP were significantly higher in periodontitis as compared to healthy and gingivitis sites, and were significantly and positively correlated with probing depth (PD) and gingival index (GI). OC was present in GCF from both healthy and diseased sites with mean concentrations more than ten times greater than normal serum levels. Total OC amounts from strips soaked with GCF from periodontitis sites were significantly higher than those found in healthy and gingivitis sites. When the data were expressed as concentrations, OC showed significantly positive correlations with GI, but not with PD. However, total amounts of OC significantly correlated with both clinical parameters. OC, PGE2 and ALP were found to have significantly positive correlations with each other, both when expressed as total amounts and concentrations. These data suggest that a significant amount of OC present in GCF is produced locally by periodontal tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Osteocalcin, prostaglandin E2 and alkaline phosphatase in gingival crevicular fluid: their relations to periodontal status. 803 77

Hypophosphatasia, an inheritable metabolic disorder affecting calcification, has been shown to have various oral manifestations. Recently, it was suggested that it may serve as a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of early-onset periodontitis. The present study was designed to examine the frequency of hypophosphatasia among patients with juvenile periodontitis and rapidly progressive periodontitis. Eighteen patients, nine females and nine males (age 19-37 years, mean 23.2 years), were included in this study. Venous blood and urinary samples were collected and assayed for alkaline phosphatase and urinary phosphoethanolamine. Mean alkaline phosphatase levels (109 +/- 35 IU/L) were within the normal limits for all patients except one who exhibited slightly lower than normal values. Urinary phosphoethanolamine, a typical marker of hypophosphatasia, was absent from all specimens, which rules out the possible diagnosis of such disorder in these patients. Until more information is available, the role of hypophosphatasia as a predisposing factor in early-onset periodontitis is yet to be established.
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PMID:Lack of evidence for hypophosphatasia as a factor in the pathogenesis of early-onset periodontitis. 853 Dec 51


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