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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A comprehensive assessment of the gingival histohematic barrier components in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis was carried out. Analysis of the intratissular correlations has led the authors to a hypothesis on the presence of a peculiar 'break-off' of the interstructural relationships determined by the severity of the periodontal injury. Gingivitis is characterized by a change, though minimal, of correlations, as against the intact periodontium. Involvement of the entire tissue complex of the periodontium in the process is associated with elevation of the counts of both positive and negative relationships between free stromal cells. Accumulation of free stromal cells and disorder of their cooperation is parallel with lowering of alkaline phosphatase activity and isolation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, this forming the structural basis for the progress of the inflammatory dystrophic process in the periodontium.
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PMID:[The morphofunctional characteristics of the free cells and microvessels of the gingiva in inflammatory periodontal diseases]. 144 Jun 68

Apical periodontitis was surgically induced in the mandibular first molar of rats and chronological changes in the periapical bone tissue were observed by histochemistry and electron microscopy. On the second postoperative day (Day 2), tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRACPase)-positive cells emerged on the bone surface facing the inferior alveolar nerve, whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALPase)-positive cells proliferated on the bone marrow surface of the mandibular canal wall. On Day 3, the active resorption of the mandibular canal wall appeared on the surface facing the inferior alveolar nerve. The bone of the upper wall of the canal was completely resorbed. On Day 4, however, numerous ALPase-positive cells emerged over the bone surface facing the inferior alveolar nerve intermingled with TRACPase-positive cells. On Day 5, repair of the upper wall of the mandibular canal by new bone progressed. Bone formation was also observed on the bone surface facing the inferior alveolar nerve. On Day 6, the upper wall of the mandibular canal was remodeled by the new bone, whereas TRACPase-positive cells had already migrated over the bone surface in the vicinity of ALPase-positive cells. From Days 2 to 5, active trabecular bone formation continued in the bone marrow cavity close to the mandibular canal, while TRACPase-positive cells were found only on Day 6. These demonstrate that inflammatory stimuli activate bone formation coupled with bone resorption, as well as direct trabecular bone formation without a bone resorption phase. A rapid bone turnover in the early stage of apical periodontitis is also suggested. We conclude that bone defects in apical periodontitis are not the result of sole bone resorption but rather, active bone remodeling.
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PMID:Alveolar bone remodeling in the early stage of experimental apical periodontitis in the rat mandible. 149 44

Extensive data collected over the past decade demonstrate clearly that disease-active and disease-inactive periodontal pockets exist, disease progression is infrequent and episodic, and most progression occurs in a small proportion of highly susceptible individuals. Furthermore, traditionally used diagnostic procedures do not identify susceptible individuals nor distinguish between disease-active and disease-inactive periodontal sites. New diagnostic tests based on host response factors that will aid in resolving these problems appear to be possible. Sources of material for use in such tests include gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), blood cells, and blood serum. Of these, components in GCF are most promising, at least in the immediate future. Although more than 40 GCF components have been studied, efforts that attempt to relate the presence and amount of a given component to an independent measure of active disease are very few in number. As a consequence, we do not yet know the potential for most GCF components as the basis of diagnostic tests. Those components that have been documented to associate with active disease as measured by attachment loss of 2 mm or greater include alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, prostaglandin-E2, aspartate aminotransferase, and IgG4 antibody subclass. Even in these cases, the data base is small and additional clinical studies are needed to document claims. At the present time, tests based on beta-glucuronidase, nonspecific neutral proteases, and aspartate aminotransferase are being commercialized. One test has received FDA approval. Tests based on blood cells have limited application for patients with adult periodontitis, but are useful for patients with early-onset forms of periodontitis. An abnormality in the leukocyte adherence molecules on the surfaces of neutrophils is diagnostic for generalized prepubertal periodontitis, and defects in chemotactic receptor numbers and in a surface molecule designated as GP110 are found on the neutrophils of most but not all localized juvenile periodontitis patients. Recent data indicate that enhanced unstimulated or stimulated release of PGE2 and Interleukin-1 by peripheral blood monocytes may be an indicator of susceptibility to severe periodontitis. Assessment of the humoral immune response as reflected by serum antibodies to antigens of periodontopathic bacteria shows little promise as the basis for tests diagnostic of site-specific disease activity. However, the capacity of an individual to mount an IgG2 subclass response to carbohydrate antigens may have potential as an indicator of disease susceptibility.
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PMID:Host response tests for diagnosing periodontal diseases. 157 49

Periodontitis was simulated in rabbits and rats by suturing a ligature to the gingiva. A follow-up of periodontitis development has revealed the characteristic local (edema, formation of pouches, teeth mobility) and systemic (leukocytosis, moderate hypercalcemia, elevated blood alkaline phosphatase activity, increased blood and gingival lysozyme levels) reactions.
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PMID:[The pathogenesis of experimental periodontitis in rabbits]. 178 Sep 20

There have been two previous cases reported in which children with a possible history of Prepubertal Periodontitis (PP) developed Generalized Juvenile Periodontitis (GJP) in their permanent dentitions at circumpubescent ages. This paper reports a case in which an apparently healthy 13-year-old girl, whose radiographs at 6 1/2 years of age showed horizontal bone loss around the primary molars, developed GJP. Blood tests (CBC, WBC differential, fasting glucose level, serum alkaline phosphatase) and a gingival biopsy were performed to exclude possible systemic diseases that might have been associated with alveolar bone resorption. Neutrophil (PMN) chemotaxis (CX) and adhesion molecule CD11b levels were also examined. The results of these tests were all within the normal range. This case report illustrates that an apparently healthy patient with PP may develop advanced periodontitis at a circumpubescent age.
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PMID:Generalized juvenile periodontitis in a thirteen-year-old child. 193 5

The study was conducted on 27 Californian breed rabbits and 55 albino mongrel rats. Periodontitis was reproduced in the animals by the ligature method, with the development of clinico-radiological signs characteristic of the disease and similar to those in humans. Correcting therapy of experimental periodontitis by means of lysozymy ultraphonophoresis contributed to the arrest of inflammation in the periodontal tissues, restoration of the calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood serum of the animals, and increase of local and general unspecific resistance of the organism.
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PMID:[Modelling and treatment of experimental inflammation of the periodontium]. 208 65

Two test teeth, anteriors with greater than or equal to 6 mm deep periodontal pockets from each of 10 patients with advancing periodontitis were included in this study. The clinical signs of advancing periodontitis, generalized moderate to deep pockets and to severe loss of alveolar bone, were observed in young adult. There have been several reports on factors, which reflect the conversion clinically from infection by highly pathogenic plaque bacteria to a from of periodontitis displaying relatively rapid loss of clinical attachment. The purpose of this investigation was to detect parameters in fluid, which could leak from the underlying inflamed connective tissue into the gingival crevice, and which could shown correlatively the progressive variations of periodontal disease by recurrent acute stage. In order to determine active disease sites and to monitor guantitatively response to therapy or to measure degree to susceptibility of future breakdown. Examinations on following parameters at pre- and post- periodontal treatment stages were carried out. Endotoxin, collagenase, alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, interleukin-1 alpha, IgG antibody levels to Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius were measured in gingival exudate samples, which were collected by the microtips technique from periodontal pockets. The following results were obtained: 1) Considering the effect of periodontal therapy, pathogenic responses on total colony forming unit (CFU), interleukin-1 alpha and changes of endotoxin and beta-glucuronidase levels after the treatment have indicated that specific changes in humoral responses. 2) There was not significant relation between alkaline phosphatase, collagenase, IgG antibodies level to Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius and responses in active and also inactive disease sites. 3) This study has been resulted in the development of diagnostic techniques which requires strict criteria on the disease activity of the periodontal disease very specific in order to permit a more scientific approach to the care of periodontitis patients and to speculate the prognosis of the patients after the treatment.
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PMID:[Changes of factors on disease activity in advancing periodontitis]. 213 9

Since they are found to be increased in lesions of acute necrotic ulcerative gingivitis or marginal periodontitis, agents for these diseases. In the present study, 38 pure cultured strains were obtained as a result of isolation and culture of samples collected from lesions of marginal periodontitis (periodontal pokets), and the biological and biochemical characteristics of these strains were investigated. 1) Light microscopy (including dark-field microscopy) and transmission electron microscopy (negative staining) were used for observation of the morphology and cellular structure of the strains. The cells had a spiral shape, and showed active movement. Based on the above findings the cultured strains were all confirmed to be spirochetes of small to medium size, being 0.08-0.24 micron in width. 2) Growth and motility of the strains were investigated on various types of culture medium. Intense growth and movement were noted in strains cultured in bovine liver exudate medium containing horse serum (pH 7.2) at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions produced by the evacuation-replacement method (95% N2, 5% CO2) for 3-7 days after inoculation. 3) Thirty-five strains were positive for indole production and decomposition of urea, mucin, hippuric acid and esculin. Production of hydrogen sulfied was observed in 31 strains. In decomposition tests for 17 carbohydrates, 17 strains were positive for galactose and 14 strains were positive for glucose, while 11 strains were positive for dextrin and 10 strains for fructose upon decomposition of soluble starch. Other carbohydrates were also decomposed by a few strains. 4) In an investigation of the production of alcohol and lower fatty acids, among the metabolic products detected by gas chromatography, a large amount of acetic acid and small amounts of ethanol, lactic acid, propionic acid, pyruvic acid were observed. 5) The results of enzyme activity tests using an API ZYM system indicated relatively high activities of esterase, esterase-lipase, alpha-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, trypsin and acid phosphatase.
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PMID:[Biological and biochemical characteristics of the oral spirochetes isolated from the focus of marginal periodontitis]. 276 48

Total protein, lactate and enzyme activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were determined in mixed non-stimulated saliva of healthy and periodontitis sick patients, aged from 15 to 17. Enzyme determination, expressed in U/l was performed with ready tests of Boehringer; total protein in g%--according to Netelsson, lactate--in mg/100 ml. Increased activity of alkaline phosphatase was observed, depending on the inflammatory processes of periodontium. With acid phosphatase the discrepancies were more negligible but with a marked tendency to increased enzyme activity. The changes in lactate quantity were also indicative. No statistically significant differences were established for lactate dehydrogenase and total protein. Conclusions have been drawn for the practice.
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PMID:[Comparative studies on lactate, proteins and enzymes in saliva of healthy and periodontitis sick juveniles]. 327 75

In a previous publication, we described the clinical and radiographic findings of a family in which the children manifested premature exfoliation of the deciduous teeth. We now report for the same family the results of extensive laboratory studies performed on blood and urine, analysis of periodontal microflora, and a family pedigree. We demonstrated the presence of putative periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microflora, elevated levels of serum antibodies reacting to Bacteroides gingivalis, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, and C. sputigena in 2 of the children, and significantly suppressed monocyte chemotaxis in all 3 children. Phosphoethanolamine was found in the urine of the father and all 3 children, but not in the mother. Likewise, serum alkaline phosphatase was abnormally low for all 3 children, and was at the extreme low end of normal range for the father, but was normal for the mother. On the basis of the alkaline phosphatase and phosphoethanolamine measurements, we assigned a diagnosis of hypophosphatasia to the 3 children. Phosphoethanolamine and alkaline phosphatase were also abnormal in the paternal grandmother and her brother. The son of this brother who was deceased had a daughter manifesting premature loss of the primary teeth. The data are consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. In the light of our findings, hypoplastic cementum must be considered in the etiology of some forms of early-onset periodontitis.
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PMID:Laboratory studies of a family manifesting premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth. 346 73


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