Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The treatment of periodontal disease has been largely directed at the microbiological etiology. The prevention of bone loss by modulating the host response to the bacteria may be a useful adjunctive method in the management of periodontitis. Alendronate, an amino bisphosphonate, may inhibit bone loss in osteolytic diseases by altering osteoclast activity. The objective of this double-blind study was to evaluate alendronate inhibition of alveolar bone loss in the naturally occurring beagle dog model of periodontitis. Sixteen 7 to 9 year old beagles with moderate-to-severe periodontitis were studied for 6 months. The dogs were stratified into two groups based on initial periodontal severity. One group received 3.0 mg/kg alendronate weekly orally and the other group received a placebo. Silk ligatures were placed on the study teeth for the first 3 months of the study to exacerbate the periodontal destruction. Clinical data were collected for attachment level, gingival index, plaque index, and mobility at baseline and one-month intervals. Intraoral radiographs were made at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. The mandibles were processed for histology at month 6. The radiographs were analyzed by digital image analysis of the subtracted images. A statistically significant difference in bone mass (P < 0.001) was observed between the alendronate and placebo groups. The bisphosphonate had no effect on the clinical parameters of gingival inflammation or plaque. A trend toward decreased attachment loss and mobility was observed in favor of the alendronate group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alendronate treatment of naturally-occurring periodontitis in beagle dogs. 777 66

This study tested the efficacy of alendronate, a bisphosphate, in reducing alveolar bone loss caused by experimental periodontitis in cynomolgus monkeys. Periodontitis was initiated in adult monkeys by ligating mandibular molar teeth at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and subsequently inoculating the ligature with Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis. Contralateral, homologous non-ligated teeth served as controls. Animals received, intravenously, either saline (placebo) or alendronate at 0.05 or 0.25 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 16 weeks. After the animals were sacrificed, coronal sections through mandibular molars were subjected to histomorphometrical analysis. No overt side-effects were observed in any of the animals participating in this study. In placebo-treated animals, ligation and inoculation resulted in significant bone loss both at the CEJ and at the furcation. Alendronate at 0.05 mg/kg significantly reduced bone loss associated with the experimental periodontitis at both sites. In contrast, the dose of 0.25 mg/kg was ineffective in attenuating alveolar bone loss in the furcation area and only slightly effective in preventing it at the CEJ area. The results of the histomorphometric analysis correlate closely with those of the radiographic analysis of the same experiment. These data indicate that alendronate could reduce the loss of alveolar support associated with periodontitis and suggest that bisphosphonates, by virtue of their significant inhibitory action on osteoclasts, may become a treatment modality in the battle against alveolar bone destruction during periodontal disease.
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PMID:Histomorphometrical analysis of the effects of the bisphosphonate alendronate on bone loss caused by experimental periodontitis in monkeys. 811 51

Systemic medications are of value as adjuncts to periodontal therapy. These medications can be divided into two major categories: antibiotics and agents for host modulation. Antibiotics have been shown to be valuable adjuncts in specialized types of periodontal disease, such as localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis, and of possible value in severe chronic periodontitis. Antibiotics have been studied individually, in combination and in sequential therapy. Host modulators include Periostat, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, alendronate (Fosamax), hormone replacement therapy and anti-arthritic medications. These agents produce their beneficial effects by a variety of mechanisms of action, including inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, inhibition of prostaglandin production, stimulation of osteoblasts, inhibition of osteoclasts, and other anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action.
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PMID:Systemic medications: clinical significance in periodontics. 1208 65

It has been proposed that localized and controlled delivery of alendronate and tetracycline to periodontal pocket fluids via guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes may be a valuable adjunctive treatment for advanced periodontitis. The objectives of this work were to develop a co-loaded, controlled release tetracycline and alendronate nanocomposite plasticized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) film that would form a suitable matrix supporting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Alendronate release was successfully controlled, with complete suppression of the burst phase of release by intercalation of alendronate anions in magnesium/aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH) clay nanoparticles and dispersed in the PLGA film matrix. Tetracycline, loaded as free drug into the film together with alendronate-LDH clay complex released more rapidly than alendronate, but showed evidence of intercalation in the LDH clay particles. The dual drug loaded nanocomposite films were biocompatible with osteoblasts and after 5 week incubations, significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and bone nodule formation were observed.
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PMID:Drug intercalation in layered double hydroxide clay: application in the development of a nanocomposite film for guided tissue regeneration. 2170 36