Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the course of the infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we frequently observe disorders of the mucous membranes and, occasionally, they present the first manifestation of HIV-induced immunodeficiency. Like in other organs, opportunistic infections and malignant tumors prevail as a result of the impaired immune system. Opportunistic infections are characterized by frequency (candidiasis), aggressive expansion, persistence, frequent recurrences, and resistance to therapy (gingivitis, parodontitis, herpes simplex, warts). Oral hairy leucoplakia is considered a specific lesion of HIV infection. Malignant tumors, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, may cause marked morbidity in AIDS patients; occasionally, the clinical picture of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rather uncharacteristic. Other manifestations on the mucous membranes may arise in association with systemic reactions, such as drug eruptions, thrombocytopenic purpura, or acute HIV infection. The etiology of still other lesions of the mucous membranes (e.g. chronic recurrent ulcers, xerostomia, disorders of pigmentation) is incompletely understood. The awareness of these disorders of the mucous membranes in HIV infection is of diagnostic, therapeutic and epidemiological importance.
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PMID:[AIDS--mucous membrane manifestations]. 220 62

All physical examinations of HIV-infected individuals should include a detailed examination of the mouth, since oral lesions are common. There are about 40 oral manifestations of HIV infections that may be the first clinical features of the disease. HIV-related cancers, such as Kaposi's sarcoma or lymphoma, may present as oral lesions. A variety of bacterial infections may be found in the mouth, including linear gingival erythema, necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, and bacillary angiomatosis. Viral infections include herpes infections, cytomegalovirus ulcers, hairy leukoplakia, and warts. Among fungal infections, various types of candidiasis are common, and histoplasmosis or cryptococcosis may also cause lesions. Other manifestations include recurrent aphthous ulcers, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, HIV-salivary gland disease, and pigmentation disorders. Treatments are available for many of these disorders.
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PMID:Oral manifestations of HIV infection. 1136 17