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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study; the relationship of indicators of the local host response in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to the serum antibody titer to periodontal pathogens was examined. 15 patients with chronic adult periodontitis were studied. GCF was collected and analyzed for the total amount of IgG, IgM, the lysosomal enzyme B-glucuronidase (BG) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M). At the same examination, serum from these patients was collected, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays used to determine the serum IgG antibody titer to a panel of 17 periodontal pathogens (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (3 strains), Bacteroides gingivalis (4), Eikenella corrodens (2), Wolinella recta, Bacteroides intermedius (3), Fusobacterium nucleatum, and 3 Capnocytophaga species). Using Spearman rank order correlation analysis, correlation coefficients were calculated to relate the 4 indicators of host response in GCF to the serum IgG antibody titer to each of the 17 micro-organisms. The mean correlation between total IgG in GCF and the serum IgG antibody titer was positive (r = +0.30), and statistically significant correlations between total IgG in GCF and serum IgG antibody titer were observed for one strain of B. intermedius and C. ochracea. A weaker positive correlation was observed for IgM (r = 0.18). In contrast, the mean correlation between total BG in GCF and the serum antibody titer was negative (r = -0.34). Statistically significant negative correlations were observed for all 3 strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, one strain of E. corrodens and W. recta. The mean correlation for alpha 2M was r = -0.06. These data suggest that elevated BG activity in GCF, believed to be a marker for lysosomal enzyme released from polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the crevicular environment, may be associated with a reduced serum IgG antibody response to suspected periodontal pathogens. Furthermore, these findings imply that the development of a serum IgG antibody response to suspected periodontal pathogens is consistent with a protective host response.
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PMID:The relationship of serum IgG antibody titers to periodontal pathogens to indicators of the host response in crevicular fluid. 169 49

Gingival crevicular fluid, collected from 8 patients with chronic adult periodontitis before and 21 days after root planing and scaling, was analysed for prostaglandin E2, 6KPGF1 alpha, cAMP, IgG, IgM and alpha-2-macroglobulin, and their inter-relationship evaluated. There was a significant decrease in the levels of prostaglandin E2, IgG, IgM and alpha-2-macroglobulin after treatment, whereas the levels of 6KPGF1 alpha and cAMP remained essentially unchanged. The level of prostaglandin E2 decreased by 35%, IgG by 32%, IgM by 90%, and alpha-2-macroglobulin by 79%. There was a significant degree of correlation between prostaglandin E2 and 6KPGF1 alpha and cAMP before treatment but not after, but no correlation between prostaglandin E2 and IgG, IgM and alpha-2-macroglobulin either before or after. This correlation pattern indicates the involvement of E2, prostaglandin 6KPGF1 alpha and cAMP in inflammation in the periodontium. The changes in IgG, IgM and alpha-2-macroglobulin reflect yet another mechanism of host response which appears to be independent of prostaglandins.
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PMID:The relationship of prostaglandins to cAMP, IgG, IgM and alpha-2-macroglobulin in gingival crevicular fluid in chronic adult periodontitis. 170 26

The development of an assay for markers of active periodontitis, obtained directly from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and simply quantified, would be of great importance to the dental practitioner. The purpose of this study was to evaluate direct and indirect immunodot techniques as to their potential in easily quantifying acute-phase proteins within periodontally diseased and healthy site GCF. Indirect immunodots (GCF eluates dotted onto nitrocellulose membrane) using monoclonal antibodies and a radioactive isotope label were used to identify and establish relative amounts of C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) in 2 diseased and 2 healthy sites in 24 periodontitis patients. Periodontally diseased sites were found to contain significantly lower concentrations of A2M than healthy sites (p less than 0.001), but CRP levels did not vary significantly between healthy and diseased locations. Using a direct immunodot assay (GCF absorbed directly into nitrocellulose membrane strips), A2M levels quantified with radioactive isotopes at healthy and diseased sites could be correlated with A2M levels determined by enzyme-linked antibody-colormetric probes at those same sites. Such a direct sampling and quantification system shows promise for future "in-office" diagnostic methodology.
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PMID:Acute-phase protein detection and quantification in gingival crevicular fluid by direct and indirect immunodot. 170 52

This study was designed to evaluate the relationship of certain clinical and biochemical measures of periodontal pathology at anatomically related gingival sites. The maxillary first molar--second bicuspid region was studied in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. The mesiobuccal site on the first molar was compared to the mesiopalatal and direct buccal sites on the molar and the distobuccal site on the second bicuspid. Probing depth, attachment level, gingival index, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, and GCF levels of the lysosomal enzyme B-glucuronidase (BG), the cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase, IgG and the protease-inhibitor alpha-2-macroglobulin were studied. For the 3 anatomical pairs that were analyzed, the correlation coefficients for the GCF constituents were generally higher than the correlations for the clinical parameters. The mean correlations for the GCF constituents were higher for the periodontitis patients as compared to the gingivitis patients. For the periodontitis patients, BG activity was correlated at adjacent proximal sites, approached significance at adjacent papillary sites, but was not significantly correlated at adjacent facial-proximal sites. This data suggests that sampling of BG activity from a mesiobuccal site provides information about the anterior papillary unit. In contrast, IgG in GCF collected from the mesiobuccal site on the first molar was significantly correlated with the total IgG in the 3 other sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Correlation analysis for clinical and gingival crevicular fluid parameters at anatomically related gingival sites. 171 24

With a technique for sampling, processing and analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) that allows multiple constituents to be analysed from a sample collected on a filter paper strip, we have examined IgG, IgA, IgM and alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) in GCF from patients with chronic adult periodontitis. Clinical data and GCF were collected before and 3 months after root planing and scaling, and analysed to determine trends for the population. A statistically-significant decrease in the percentage of sites with bleeding on probing, erythema and supragingival plaque was observed 3 months after therapy. The mean amount of each glycoprotein in GCF decreased dramatically at 3 months. In contrast, the mean volume of GCF was virtually identical at the two evaluations. The IgG/IgA and IgG/IgM ratios in GCF were elevated when compared with human serum suggesting the preferential occurrence of IgG in GCF. Correlation of the four glycoproteins with GCF volume and with enzyme markers of the acute inflammatory response in GCF revealed a relationship between arylsulphatase (a lysosomal enzyme), fluid influx, and the passage of larger molecular-weight glycoproteins (alpha 2M, IgM) into the gingival crevice.
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PMID:The effect of treatment on IgG, IgA, IgM and alpha-2-macroglobulin in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic adult periodontitis. 246 58

Today, 10 black-pigmented Bacteroides (BPB) species are recognized. The majority of these species can be isolated from the oral cavity. BPB species are involved in anaerobic infections of oral and non-oral sites. In the oral cavity, BPB species are associated with gingivitis, periodontitis, endodontal infections and odontogenic abscesses. Cultural studies suggest a specific role of the various BPB species in the different types of infection. Bacteroides gingivalis is closely correlated with destructive periodontitis in adults as well as in juveniles. Bacteroides intermedius seems to be less specific since it is found in gingivitis, periodontitis, endodontal infections and odontogenic abscesses. The recently described Bacteroides endodontalis is closely associated with endodontal infections and odontogenic abscesses of endodontal origin. There are indications that these periodontopathic BPB species are only present in the oral cavity of subjects suffering from periodontal breakdown, being absent on the mucosal surfaces of subjects without periodontal breakdown. BPB species associated with healthy oral conditions are Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides denticola and Bacteroides loescheii. There are indications that these BPB species are part of the normal indigenous oral microflora. Many studies in the past have documented the pathogenic potential and virulence of BPB species. This virulence can be explained by the large numbers of virulence factors demonstrated in this group of micro-organisms. Among others, the proteolytic activity seems to be one of the most important features. Several artificial substrates as well as numerous biological proteins are degraded. These include anti-inflammatory proteins such as alpha-2-macroglobulin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, C3 and C5 complement factors and immunoglobulins. B. gingivalis is by far the most proteolytic species, followed by B. endodontalis. Like other bacteria, the lipopolysaccharide of B. gingivalis has shown to be active in bone resorption in vitro and is capable in stimulating interleukin-1 production in human peripheral monocytes. Based on the well documented association with periodontal disease and the possession of relevant virulence factors, BPB species must be considered as important micro-organisms in the etiology of oral infections. B. gingivalis seems to be the most pathogenic and virulent species.
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PMID:The role of black-pigmented Bacteroides in human oral infections. 328 Jun 11

Granulocyte elastase activity and alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha-2-MG) were studied in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from 3 categories of sites in 6 patients with gingivitis and 6 patients with periodontitis. 6 inflamed sites in each gingivitis patient were sampled on paper strips and 12 sites, 6 with and 6 without attachment loss and periodontal pockets, were selected in each periodontitis patient. To avoid the influence of increase GCF volume from deep pockets, the elastase activity and the alpha-2-MG were calculated per microliters of GCF. The proteolytic activity of elastase was measured with a low molecular weight substrate and the antiprotease, alpha-2-MG, with ELISA. The measured activity could be ascribed to elastase that had been released into the gingival tissues and into the GCF prior to sampling. In the periodontitis patients, the sites with tissue destruction had a significantly higher elastase activity per site and per microliters GCF and a significantly lower alpha-2-MG per microliters than the 2 other categories of sites without tissue destruction. The destructive inflammation seems to be associated with increased release of elastase, either from more numerous or from more active granulocytes and with an increased proteolytic consumption of the inhibitor accompanied by the fast elimination of the protease-inhibitor-complex. In conclusion, the study shows a strong relationship between elastase activity and tissue destruction, a finding that supports the pathogenic theory of an involvement of granulocytes and their proteolytic enzymes in the mechanism of periodontal destruction.
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PMID:Altered relation between granulocyte elastase and alpha-2-macroglobulin in gingival crevicular fluid from sites with periodontal destruction. 751 Mar 13

Biochemically, there is usually much less elastase activity in gingival tissue than in crevicular fluid. The tissue distributions of active and inactive elastase and the endogenous inhibitors alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) were therefore compared. Inflamed tissue was obtained from chronic periodontitis patients, and cryostat sections were incubated with the histochemical elastase substrate MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-MNA. Adjacent sections were examined immunocytochemically with antibodies to neutrophil elastase, alpha 1PI, alpha 2M, and leukocyte differentiation antigens. Antigenic elastase was widely distributed in CD15-positive granulocytes in both the epithelium and lamina propria as well as in granulomatous tissue from infrabony defects. However, there was very limited histochemical staining of these cells, and biochemical activity against the equivalent substrate MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-AFC could be extracted only from sections with such staining. The pH optimum and effector response of the activity in the extracts were, nevertheless, consistent with those of leukocyte elastase. The large difference between the total elastase content of the tissue, as determined immunocytochemically, and the limited amount of active enzyme, as demonstrated histochemically, indicated that the majority was in an inactive form. The involvement of tissue inhibitors was suggested by the fact that extracts from sections with no histochemical staining reduced biochemical elastase activity in crevicular fluid. alpha 2M was found in many fibroblasts and also some CD68-positive macrophages, which additionally contained alpha 1PI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Localization of active and inactive elastase, alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor, and alpha-2-macroglobulin in human gingiva. 753 62

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from chronic periodontitis patients using plastic micropipettes and coverslip smears stained with antibodies for leukocyte markers and Toluidine Blue for mast cells. The smears consisted of 70-80% granulocytes, 10-20% monocytes/macrophages, 5% mast cells and 5% T lymphocytes; no B lymphocytes were found. Proteases and inhibitors in GCF cells were investigated by enzyme cytochemistry using 2-methoxy-4-naphthylamine-linked peptide substrates and simultaneous coupling to Fast Blue B and immunocytochemistry using biotinylated secondary antibodies and an alkaline phosphatase/new fuchsin detecting system. Elastase was detected in granulocytes, cathepsin B in macrophages, dipeptidyl peptidases II and IV in a small proportion of macrophages, dipeptidyl peptidase IV in a few T lymphocytes, tryptase in mast cells and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha-2-macroglobulin in some macrophages. GCF was also collected on filter paper strips and eluted into buffer for biochemical enzyme assays. Lysis of cells by addition of detergent to the elution buffer increased activities to 140-240% of control values. Removal of cells by centrifugation reduced measured activities to 1-30% of original figures; this effect was less if samples were pre-treated with detergent. Proteases from inflammatory cells therefore appear to make up most of the measured enzyme activity in GCF, and this association may explain recent correlations with periodontal disease progression.
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PMID:Investigations into the cellular contribution to host tissue proteases and inhibitors in gingival crevicular fluid. 920 22

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of free elastase in GCF Samples were taken from inflamed sites in 12 subjects with gingivitis alone and from inflamed sites with and without tissue destruction in 19 patients having periodontitis. Elastase activity was measured with a low molecular weight substrate. To distinguish between free elastase and elastase bound to alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2MG), an excess of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) was added to the samples. The activity that could be inhibited by A1AT was considered as free elastase, and the uninhibited activity as derived from the elastase-A2MG complex. The elastase-A1AT complex was measured with an ELISA. Free elastase was found in almost all samples, but both the total amount and the proportion of free elastase were higher in samples from sites showing destruction. The elastase-A2MG complex was also increased in sites with tissue destruction, while there was no significant difference in the amount of A1AT complex between the 3 categories of sites. In conclusion, our study clearly reveals free elastase in GCF The elevated levels of free elastase in sites showing tissue destruction seem to be due to a combination of increased release of elastase and an inactivation of A1AT.
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PMID:Activity and inhibition of elastase in GCF. 969 51


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