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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This longitudinal study of randomly selected Norwegian students and academicians has shown that 50% of the 17-year olds have lost no periodontal support, and the other 50% exhibited slight localized loss of attachment primarily on buccal surfaces of first molars and first bicuspids of both jaws. At 21 all students show one or more of these lesions as well as loss of attachment on interproximal surfaces. At 30 years of age the mean cumulative loss is still less than 1 mm. As they approach 40 years of age the mean individual loss of attachment is slightly above 1.5 mm or 10% of the total periodontal support, and the mean annual rate of attachment loss is 0.08 for interproximal surfaces and 0.1 mm for buccal surfaces. No case of juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis) or adult aggressive periodontitis were seen in this population. Seventy percent of the 15-year-old Sri Lankans have no or very little loss of periodontal support. However, approximately 30% exhibit localized lesions measuring between 2 and 9 mm and more than 1% have one or more root surfaces with 10 mm loss of attachment or more. In this age group the lesions occur at the interproximal and buccal aspects of lower central incisors and in first molars of both jaws. At 30 years of age the mean loss of attachment is 3.11 mm and approximately 25% of the tea laborers have lesions extending 10 mm or more below the cemento-enamel junction. As the Sri Lankan approaches 40 years of age the mean loss of attachment is 4.50 mm and the mean rate of progress of the lesion is 0.20 mm per year for buccal surfaces and 0.30 mm for interproximal surfaces. This study suggests that without interference the periodontal lesion progresses at a relatively even pace and that the progress is continuous.
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PMID:The natural history of periodontal disease in man. The rate of periodontal destruction before 40 years of age. 28 30

This report has proposed that the term, periodontosis, be discarded and replaced with the term, precocious periodontitis. The literature review has shown that, although the exact causative agents are unknown, certain microbiological reactions do occur and the condition is a periodontitis. The term, precocious periodontitis, has been suggested because the disease entity differs from chronic periodontitis in some of its characteristic features and etiologic factors. Three important local etiologic factors are: (1) contact and eruption of the first molars, (2) occlusal traumatism, and (3) ineffective oral hygiene. The recent literature concerning possible hereditary characteristics, bacteriological findings, and immunological reactions has been cited. The reports presented showing successful results of therapy were selected to illustrate that this condition can have the same prognosis and response to therapy as other similarly involved cases of periodontitis as a clinical entity with a definitive treatment responsibilities.
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PMID:Precocious periodontitis: a clinical entity and a treatment responsibility. 32 47

Periodontosis is an idiopathic degeneration of the periodontium which results in migration and loss of teeth. The disease begins in the regions of the incisors and first molars. Late in the disease, other areas of the dental arches may be involved. The gingivae are not initially inflamed, and there are no associated systemic abnormalities. Local irritants cannot account for the marked alveolar destruction which leads to the tooth loss. Several heritable syndromes and periodontitis also may be associated with alveolar bone destruction. Periodontosis can be differentiated each of these on the basis of negative laboratory tests, lack of associated anomalies, distinctive pattern of bone loss and timing of onset of gingival inflammation. A family in which periodontosis was present in three of six sibs and in which ichthyosis was segregating independently of periodontosis is reported.
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PMID:Periodontosis in sibs. 105 38

Teeth slated for extraction were evaluated with respect to their periodontal status and classified accordingly into five categories; namely normal, gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontosis and postperiodontosis. After processing, one approximal surface of each tooth was sampled at various levels in an apico-occlusal direction for light and electron microscopic study of the associated bacterial flora. In normal samples, the flora consisted of a relatively thin, adherent bacterial layer confined to the enamel surface. The cells were predominantly coccoid in shape with cell wall features compatible with those of Gram-positive organisms. Isolated filamentous or branching forms and some Gram-negative bacteria were noted on the surface of the more apical portion of the bacterial layer. No flagellated cells or spirochetes were present. Gingivitis samples yielded a relatively more voluminous and complex supragingival flora with relatively more filamentous bacteria and more cells with a Gram-negative cell wall ultrastructure. These samples also contained corncob formations on the surface of supragingival deposits, and flagellated cells with spirochetes within the predominantly Gram-negative flora of the sulcus bottom. Supragingival bacterial deposits of periodontitis samples were similar to those observed in gingivitis. The subgingival flora consisted of relatively fewer cells adherent to the root surface with a concomitant increase in the population of Gram-negative and flagellated cells, as well as spirochetes. The tissue side of the subgingival flora generally exhibited a distinctive concentration of "test-tube brush" formations, spirochetes of predominantly medium size, and assorted cell types peculiar to this region. A transitional flora generally separated the supra- from the subgingival microbial population. Periodontosis samples had a relatively sparse, predominantly Gram-negative flora. A unique electron-dense, lobulated cuticular deposit covered the majority of the samples studied. Postperiodontosis samples were much more similar in their microbial flora to the periodontitis group. The results suggest that (1) a certain microbial flora may be compatible with a state of periodontal health; (2) a different flora is associated with varying degrees of periodontal disease; (3) the structure and composition of the supragingival flora differs markedly from that of the subgingival flora; (4) with the exception of periodontis, the alterations of the microbial flora as periodontal disease increases inseverity parallel the changes described previously in the microbial population collected on artificial crowns during experimentally induced gingivitis. The use of the expressions "microbial flora" or "microbial population" is considered preferable to the terms "plaque", "materia alba", or "debris" in reference to the microbiota of the gingival sulcus region.
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PMID:Structure of the microbial flora associated with periodontal health and disease in man. A light and electron microscopic study. 106 49

The authors' findings helped develop schedules of osteogenesis stimulation in cases when this process was shifted towards resorption (periodontosis), as well as develop a method for determining periodontitis stage and the ability of the body to regeneration.
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PMID:[The kinetics of a permanent electrical field during the knitting of mandibular fractures]. 237 33

Patients suffering from periodontitis or periodontosis were selected for the study. Further subdivision of these groups was based on the presence or absence of herpes and/or adenoviruses in their oral lymphocytes and epithelial cells. The phagocytic and bactericidal activities of oral leukocytes isolated from the same individuals were compared with virus carriage. In the periodontitis group, 60.5%, and in the periodontosis group 61.5% of patients carried viruses, while this was established only in 21.1% of control cases. On the other hand, emigration and sulcular gathering of the less viable polymorphonuclear leukocytes was elevated but their phagocytotic activity was decreased among periodontitis patients. Bactericidal capacity was significantly lowered among those subjects who carried viruses in their cells, as compared with virus-free persons, especially in the periodontitis group. The functions of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulated in the sulcus gingivalis may be modified by mediators released from the virus-carrying cells. These mediators could achieve a greater concentration locally, and the damaged leukocytes would not be able to eliminate the microbes continuously so that the accumulation of bacterial products, among them endotoxins, could lead to periodontal inflammation.
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PMID:The decreased antibacterial activity of oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes coincides with the occurrence of virus-carrying oral lymphocytes and epithelial cells. 282 20

Juvenile periodontitis occurs in children and young adults and can be classified into: periodontitis which occurs in otherwise healthy individuals, and periodontitis which occurs in juveniles with systemic disease. The periodontitis which occurs in otherwise healthy individuals consists of two major forms: juvenile periodontitis, also called periodontosis or localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), and generalized juvenile periodontitis which includes early onset adult periodontitis, recurrent necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis and the true generalized form of juvenile periodontitis. Periodontitis in systemically diseased individuals can be divided into three subgroups: juvenile periodontitis associated with primary neutrophil disorders, juvenile periodontal disease in which neutrophils are secondarily abnormal, and juvenile periodontitis associated with other diseases. Juvenile periodontitis is perhaps the best understood form of periodontal disease. A major infecting organism, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, is strongly associated with the disease, and may be an exogenous pathogen since it is not found in healthy individuals or in healthy sites in LJP patients. It is virulent with marked leukaggressive properties and it induces a marked antibody response in infected patients. Eradication of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans requires attention to the fact that it invades the tissue and hence systemic antimicrobials or surgical excision of the tissues is necessary for eradication. Marked suppression of the organism from subgingival sites is associated with healing. Host responses in LJP have also been well described and most immune functions studied appear to be normal. The notable exception is neutrophil chemotaxis which is depressed. Associated with depressed neutrophil chemotaxis is a reduction of neutrophil receptors for several chemotactic factors including C5a, the fifth component of complement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Juvenile periodontitis. 353 89

Antibacterial activity of the oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes and in vitro virus absorption by oral lymphocytes was studied in two patient groups and in controls. A slight decrease of phagocytosis was observed in those control cases and periodontitis patients where orolymphocytes and oral epithelial cells had absorbed viruses, but in the same subjects the bactericidal effect was significantly weaker. Periodontosis patients with a defect of polymorphonuclear cells did not exhibit such a difference. As in similar subjects the antibacterial activity was more frequently weak when their orolymphocytes carried latent viruses, the results suggest that certain individuals are prone to carry latent viruses in their lymphocytes. Lymphokines released from these carrier cells and concentrated locally might damage phagocytic leukocytes, resulting in serious local inflammation.
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PMID:Absorption of viruses into oral lymphocytes and decreased antibacterial activity of oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 609 84

This study examined gingival crevicular polymorphonuclear leucocyte function in periodontosis patients. Cells were examined for viability, function and ultrastructure. Eighty percent or more of the cells in each sample were viable as assessed by the fluorescein diacetate technique, but the test organism, Candida guillermondiae, was not phagocytosed. Gingival crevicular fluid contained many lysing neutrophils and nonphagocytosed organisms. Recognizable polymorphs contained Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. On the basis of this and previous studies it is concluded that gingival crevice neutrophils from periodontosis sites show reduced phagocytic function compared with cells from normal or periodontitis-affected gingival crevices. It is possible that the behavior of neutrophils from gingival crevices may be irrelevant. Original changes by that stage may have obscured their capabilities.
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PMID:Gingival crevice neutrophil function in periodontosis. 675 72

In recent years evidence in the literature has indicated that the immune response may play an important role in the initiation and progression of the periodontal diseases. A study was initiated to determine the IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations in the granulation tissue removed from deep infrabony pockets of patients with periodontosis and advanced periodontitis. Comparison of mean immunoglobulin levels between the periodontosis and periodontitis groups revealed a statistically significant increase (P less than 0.05) for IgG in the granulation tissue from the periodontosis group. The possible implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Immunoglobulins in periodontal tissues. II. Concentrations of immunoglobulins in granulation tissue from pockets of periodontosis and periodontitis patients. 692 66


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