Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase (MKP) family plays an important function in regulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines by deactivating MAP kinases. MKP-1 is essential for the dephosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase that regulates expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta. We hypothesized that MKP-1 regulates inflammatory bone loss in experimental periodontitis. Wild-type and Mkp-1(-/-) mice received A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS injection in the palatal region or PBS control 3 times/wk for 30 days. Mice were killed, and maxillae were assessed by microcomputed tomography, histological analysis, and TRAP staining for measurement of bone loss, extent of inflammation, and degree of osteoclastogenesis. Results indicated that, in LPS-injected Mkp-1(-/-) mice, significantly greater bone loss occurred with more inflammatory infiltrate and a significant increase in osteoclastogenesis compared with Mkp-1(-/-) control sites or either wild-type group. Analysis of these data indicates that MKP-1 plays a key role in the regulation of inflammatory bone loss.
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PMID:MAP kinase phosphatase-1 protects against inflammatory bone loss. 1986 41

This article reviews recent research into mechanisms underlying bone resorption and highlights avenues of investigation that may generate new therapies to combat alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. Several proteins, signaling pathways, stem cells, and dietary supplements are discussed as they relate to periodontal bone loss and regeneration. RGS12 is a crucial protein that mediates osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction, and a potential therapeutic target. RGS12 likely regulates osteoclast differentiation through regulating calcium influx to control the calcium oscillation-NFATc1 pathway. A working model for RGS10 and RGS12 in the regulation of Ca(2+) oscillations during osteoclast differentiation is proposed. Initiation of inflammation depends on host cell-microbe interactions, including the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Oral p38 inhibitors reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone destruction in a rat periodontitis model but showed unsatisfactory safety profiles. The p38 substrate MK2 is a more specific therapeutic target with potentially superior tolerability. Furthermore, MKP-1 shows anti-inflammatory activity, reducing inflammatory cytokine biosynthesis and bone resorption. Multipotent skeletal stem cell (SSC) populations exist within the bone marrow and periosteum of long bones. These bone-marrow-derived SSCs and periosteum-derived SSCs have shown therapeutic potential in several applications, including bone and periodontal regeneration. The existence of craniofacial bone-specific SSCs is suggested based on existing studies. The effects of calcium, vitamin D, and soy isoflavone supplementation on alveolar and skeletal bone loss in post-menopausal women were investigated. Supplementation resulted in stabilization of forearm bone mass density and a reduced rate of alveolar bone loss over 1 yr, compared with placebo. Periodontal attachment levels were also well-maintained and alveolar bone loss suppressed during 24 wk of supplementation.
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PMID:Alveolar bone loss: mechanisms, potential therapeutic targets, and interventions. 2473 3