Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Periodontal disease is a common bacterial and destructive disorder of oral tissues. We reviewed epidemiological and experimental to data studies demonstrating close associations between chronic periodontitis and development of generalized inflammation, vascular endothelial injury, and atherosclerosis. Periodontal disease has been convincingly emerging as an important independent cardiovascular risk factor. It deserves timely treatment also as a likely part of primary prevention of ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.
 ...
PMID:[Periodontal disease and atherosclerosis: an underestimated link?]. 1467 58

During the last two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the impact of oral health on atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD). The advent of the inflammation paradigm in coronary pathogenesis stimulated research in chronic infections caused by a variety of micro-organisms-such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and cytomegalovirus-as well as dental pathogens, since these chronic infections are thought to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of CVD by releasing cytokines and other pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor [TNF-alpha]) that may initiate a cascade of biochemical reactions and cause endothelial damage and facilitate cholesterol plaque attachment. Yet, due to the multi-factorial nature of dental infection and CVD, confirming a causal association is difficult, and the published results are conflicting. The main deficit in the majority of these studies has been the inadequate control of numerous confounding factors, leading to an overestimation and the imprecise measurement of the predictor or overadjustment of the confounding variables, resulting in underestimation of the risks. A meta-analysis of prospective and retrospective follow-up studies has shown that periodontal disease may increase the risk of CVD by approximately 20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.32). Similarly, the reported risk ratio between periodontal disease and stroke is even stronger, varying from 2.85 (CI 1.78-4.56) to 1.74 (CI 1.08-2.81). The association between peripheral vascular disease and oral health parameters has been explored in only two studies, and the resultant relative risks among individuals with periodontitis were 1.41 (CI 1.12-1.77) and 2.27 (CI 1.32-3.90), respectively. Overall, it appears that periodontal disease may indeed contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, although the statistical effect size is small.
 ...
PMID:Oral health, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. 1557 81

Recently, it has been recognized, that oral infection especially periodontitis may affect the pathomechanism and course of a number of systemic diseases, such as: cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases, atheromatous peripheral vascular disease bacterial pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, or cause adverse pregnancy outcome. This review will focus on the current knowledge linking periodontal infections to a set of above mentioned systemic diseases. While a number of their mutual interactions have been already identified, additional research will be required to determine with certainty, whether these associations are casual or coincidental and to evaluate disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic interventions.
 ...
PMID:[Periodontitis and systemic disease relationships]. 1747 68

Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies suggest that periodontal infection and the ensuing increase in the levels of inflammatory markers may be associated with myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. The present article aimed at reviewing contemporary data on the pathophysiology of vascular endothelium and its association with periodontitis in the scenario of cardiovascular disease.
...
PMID:Relationship between vascular endothelium and periodontal disease in atherosclerotic lesions: Review article. 2563 16