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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The periodontal health of an eighteenth century English population was investigated using a method of assessing the interdental septa for varying degrees of textural and architectural changes. It was found that, despite the fact that no effective dental treatment was available, the prevalence and distribution of periodontitis lesions were similar to those in modern English populations. The study confirmed the existence of susceptible and resistant subgroups of individuals and of teeth. The sixth decade appeared to have been a period of increased susceptibility to periodontitis. The findings do not support the view that periodontal disease is the primary cause of tooth loss in the uncared-for dentition.
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PMID:Prevalence and natural history of periodontal disease in a London, Spitalfields, population (1645-1852 AD). 794 16

Although the premature loss of primary teeth in conjunction with early eruption may be of no clinical significance, the loss of primary or permanent teeth in the absence of trauma should not be overlooked by the clinician. Premature loss of teeth associated with systemic disease usually results from some change in the immune system or connective tissue. This chapter presented some conditions associated with loosening and/or premature loss of teeth that may be encountered in children and adolescents. The most common of these conditions appear to be hypophosphatasia and early-onset periodontitis. Other less common conditions were described to aid in forming a differential diagnosis. Other diseases that may manifest with severe oral infection, such as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, diabetes mellitus, or herpes zoster, could result in early tooth loss.
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PMID:Premature exfoliation of teeth in childhood and adolescence. 799 95

With the increasing number of diabetics in an aging population and controversial research reports on the relationship of diabetes to periodontitis, clarification of diabetes as a risk factor for periodontitis would be helpful. This review notes variations in type, metabolic control, and duration of diabetes and highlights the results of studies that have considered these variations. Diabetics who maintained reasonably good metabolic control had not lost more teeth or experienced more periodontal attachment loss than non-diabetics, although they had more periodontal pockets. Poorly-controlled diabetics with extensive calculus on their teeth had more periodontitis and tooth loss than well-controlled diabetics or non-diabetics. Long-duration diabetics were also at greater risk for periodontitis. Mechanisms by which diabetes may contribute to periodontitis include vascular changes, neutrophil dysfunction, altered collagen synthesis, and genetic predisposition. Minimizing plaque and calculus in the oral cavity through careful self-care and regular professional care is important to reduce the risk of periodontitis in diabetics.
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PMID:Diabetes--a risk factor for periodontitis in adults? 804 69

It has been assumed that poor oral hygiene predisposes to gingivitis with progression to periodontitis and tooth loss. However, a high prevalence of gingivitis occurs in some populations in which severe periodontitis is rare. To assess whether gingivitis is a reliable predictor of periodontitis, we compared the periodontal health of tea pickers and university students aged between 18 and 30 in Indonesia. Oral hygiene and gingival health was significantly better in students than in tea pickers. However, the prevalence and the severity of chronic periodontitis were similar in the two groups. Our findings suggest that gingivitis is a poor predictor of periodontitis in subjects younger than 30 years. Attempts to prevent periodontitis in young adults through antigingivitis measures such as plaque control may be unsuccessful.
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PMID:Does gingivitis lead to periodontitis in young adults? 790 89

Periodontitis is a common infectious disease in which the attachment tissues of the teeth and their alveolar bone housing are destroyed, resulting in tooth loss. The gram-negative anaerobic microorganism Porphyromonas gingivalis has been closely linked to severe forms of the disease. We show for the first time that immunization of the primate Macaca fascicularis with killed P. gingivalis in Syntex Adjuvant Formulation-M inhibits progression of periodontal tissue destruction.
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PMID:Immunization against Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibits progression of experimental periodontitis in nonhuman primates. 811 36

Bone loss in the oral cavity may occur due to many causes, including infection, systemic or local alterations in the host response, or multifactorial causes. The purpose of this article is to review our present understanding of the major causes of oral bone loss in adults, with special emphasis on two major oral diseases: periodontitis and residual ridge resorption. Periodontitis is characterized by resorption of the alveolar bone as well as loss of the soft tissue attachment to the tooth. Progressive periodontitis will result in continued alveolar bone loss and may result in tooth mobility, abscesses, and ultimately tooth loss. Although the reported prevalence may vary according to the epidemiologic study design, the 1985 National Survey of Oral Health of United States Adults indicated that 94% of female senior citizens examined demonstrated at least one site with at least 2 mm loss of attachment. Resorption of alveolar bone that occurs following tooth extraction is termed residual ridge resorption. In many cases, the denture will loosen because of the inability of the resorbed ridge to stabilize the prosthesis. In the most severe cases, the denture may impinge on the exposed mandibular nerve, resulting in pain or total inability to tolerate the prostheses. Although clear statistics on the prevalence of residual ridge resorption are not available, this boss loss may result in the need for new dentures to replace ill-fitting prostheses.
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PMID:Bone loss in the oral cavity. 812 14

People with diabetes may be at increased risk for periodontal disease. This study compared the periodontal health of diabetic and employed adults. While tooth loss and gingival attachment was similar for both groups, diabetics had a greater prevalence and extent of periodontal pockets. Diabetics with poor metabolic control and calculus also had more periodontitis.
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PMID:Periodontitis and tooth loss: comparing diabetics with the general population. 827 62

A study was undertaken in September 1990 to investigate the reasons for permanent tooth extractions in Antigua. Eight out of 10 dentists on the island were requested to record permanent tooth extractions, including tooth type and reasons for extraction, during a 6 week study period. All 8 dentists provided data which indicated that 471 teeth were Extractions for orthodontic and impaction reasons comprised 4.3 per cent of tooth extrac-irregularly attending dental services. The principle reason for extractions was caries (61.6 per cent). Periodontitis (29.9 per cent) was the next most frequent reason for extractions and it became the predominant indication for tooth loss after 40 years of age. Extractions for orthodontic and impaction reasons comprised 4.3 per cent of tooth extraction, but these causes disappeared after 30 years of age. Restorable teeth were not commonly removed. The tooth types most frequently extracted due to caries were lower first molars and upper molars. Most commonly extracted, periodontally involved teeth were lower central incisors and upper third molars.
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PMID:Various reasons for permanent tooth extractions in a Caribbean population--Antigua. 840 50

Black-pigmented Gram-negative anaerobes have been associated with periodontal disease and tooth loss since they were first isolated by Burdon in 1928. Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is usually not isolated from children, adolescents or adults with no periodontal breakdown, has been recognized as one of the most important periodontopathogens. Its presence is strongly correlated with deep periodontal pockets, which are assumed to be its main habitat. Correlations have been shown also with attachment loss, clinical inflammation and serum antibody levels, indicating an aetiological role in the periodontal disease. Their pathogenicity in animal models resembling periodontal disease is documented. They are frequently isolated from periodontal abscesses. The relationship between Prevotella intermedia and periodontal disease is not clear. It is frequently isolated from advanced periodontitis, often as the only black-pigmented Gram-negative anaerobic species; however, the prevalence in adults with no periodontal breakdown is high. It is found frequently in periodontal abscesses and in acute necrotizing and ulcerative gingivitis. Serogroup I is found predominantly in deep periodontal pockets, whereas all serogroups (I-III) are found in shallow pockets and gingivitis. No conclusive difference in pathogenicity between serogroups has been found. Pr. melaninogenica, Pr. denticola and Pr. loescheii are frequently found in the gingival crevice in preschool children and other age groups with gingivitis, but are seldom found in deep periodontal pockets.
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PMID:Black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobes in periodontitis. 851 55

One hundred and ninety-five teeth in 35 patients with periodontitis who had received both endodontic and periodontal treatment were evaluated 9 years after endodontic treatment and 8 years after periodontal treatment. Some 91.4% of cases were well maintained and 8.6% showed a deterioration in their periodontal condition. Twelve of the 195 teeth with endodontic treatment were lost, eight for periodontal reasons, three as a result of fracture and one because of caries, and the periodontal condition of 10 teeth had worsened. An apical lesion formed on one tooth. The results indicate that the risk of endodontic failure in this group of 195 teeth is very low, and that there is little risk of tooth loss for periodontal reasons, provided that the patients receive supportive periodontal treatment.
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PMID:Long-term evaluation of endodontic and periodontal treatment. 862 7


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