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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients are in desperate need of the clinical therapies that can enable them to retain their dentition for the rest of their lives. It is important to weigh the social, clinical-oral, and radiographic assessments with all patients, especially those with undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Many experience denial and are noncompliant with both medical and dental prevention. Many HIV-infection-related sequelae are first seen intraorally; dentists must be aware of them and consider all patients as HIV carriers until proved otherwise. HIV-associated gingivitis has been demonstrated to progress to HIV-associated periodontitis. Therefore, early recognition and management of HIV-associated gingivitis is essential to prevent the rapid loss of hard and soft periodontal tissues.
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PMID:Rapidly progressive periodontitis as an important clinical marker for HIV disease. 183 71

Oral lesions have been reported frequently in patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. A case is reported of HIV-associated periodontitis complicated by necrotising stomatitis and the development of an oro-antral fistula; the role of extractions in the management of this condition is highlighted.
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PMID:Oro-antral fistula: an unusual complication of HIV-associated periodontal disease. 187 97

Recent studies have shown that an atypical gingivitis and a rapidly progressive periodontal disease may be early-occurring opportunistic infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study examined the prevalence of selected periodontal pathogens associated with these HIV-related periodontal lesions. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from both HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive homosexual men and from presumably uninfected heterosexual men. DNA probes were used to detect Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides intermedius, Bacteroides gingivalis, Eikenella corrodens and Wolinella recta in the plaque. The healthy sites in both the seronegative and seropositive homosexual groups showed a greater prevalence of all test bacteria, except for E. corrodens, than did the heterosexual group. HIV-associated periodontitis sites showed a microbial profile qualitatively similar to that of conventional periodontitis, except that B. gingivalis was more prevalent in conventional periodontitis. In contrast, HIV-associated gingivitis sites exhibited a greater prevalence of all bacteria tested than conventional gingivitis sites. In fact, HIV gingivitis generally showed a bacterial profile similar to that of the HIV periodontitis lesions, except that W. recta was significantly more prevalent in HIV periodontitis. These data suggest that the HIV gingivitis lesion is a precursor to HIV periodontitis. Thus, early identification and prophylactic treatment of high-risk individuals may prevent the destruction of periodontal tissues.
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PMID:DNA probe detection of periodontal pathogens in HIV-associated periodontal lesions. 194 81

Oral candidiasis, herpetic lesions, oral mucosal warts, human immunodeficiency virus-associated gingivitis and periodontitis, Kaposi's sarcoma, hairy leukoplakia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are oral manifestations of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. This paper will explain how to identify these lesions, their significance, and recommended treatments.
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PMID:Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. 199 2

In the course of the infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we frequently observe disorders of the mucous membranes and, occasionally, they present the first manifestation of HIV-induced immunodeficiency. Like in other organs, opportunistic infections and malignant tumors prevail as a result of the impaired immune system. Opportunistic infections are characterized by frequency (candidiasis), aggressive expansion, persistence, frequent recurrences, and resistance to therapy (gingivitis, parodontitis, herpes simplex, warts). Oral hairy leucoplakia is considered a specific lesion of HIV infection. Malignant tumors, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, may cause marked morbidity in AIDS patients; occasionally, the clinical picture of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rather uncharacteristic. Other manifestations on the mucous membranes may arise in association with systemic reactions, such as drug eruptions, thrombocytopenic purpura, or acute HIV infection. The etiology of still other lesions of the mucous membranes (e.g. chronic recurrent ulcers, xerostomia, disorders of pigmentation) is incompletely understood. The awareness of these disorders of the mucous membranes in HIV infection is of diagnostic, therapeutic and epidemiological importance.
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PMID:[AIDS--mucous membrane manifestations]. 220 62

A pathologic condition is described, characterized by rampant necrosis of gingival mucosa, periodontium, and related osseous structures associated with systemic infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is believed that this condition is an extension beyond the normal clinical course of HIV-periodontitis (HIV-P) and manifests itself in three progressive stages: (1) HIV-associated gingivitis, (2) HIV-P, and (3) an extension of HIV-P to osseous necrosis. Two cases of osseous destruction attending HIV-P are reported, one of which led to initial diagnosis of HIV infection. They represent the final stage of disease progression with localized necrosis of gingiva, periodontium, and alveolar bone.
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PMID:Progressive osseous destruction as a complication of HIV-periodontitis. 221 84

This report describes a case of HIV-associated periodontitis complicated by necrotizing stomatitis in a homosexual male patient with AIDS. Necrotizing stomatitis is a rapidly progressive ulcerative and necrotic infection that causes massive destruction of the oral tissues and underlying bone. Like HIV periodontitis, it appears to be related to the immune suppression caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; importantly, it may be life threatening. In this case, initial resolution resulted from local debridement in association with metronidazole therapy. Long-term clinical management consisted of monthly professional prophylaxis, good oral hygiene, and daily rinses with chlorhexidine. This case suggests that progressive oral necrotizing infection should be recognized as one element in the spectrum of oral manifestations of HIV infection.
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PMID:HIV-associated periodontitis complicated by necrotizing stomatitis. 231 60

A case of prepubertal periodontitis was observed and examined immunohistologically with peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining. The patient was an 11-year and 7-month-old Japanese girl, well-developed and well-nourished. Her parents were first cousins. Her chief complaint was the loosening and loss of the permanent teeth. There was a similar history of primary dentition. Her remaining permanent teeth were loosened with severe alveolar bone loss, but calculus deposit was minimal. Significantly, there was no palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis. General examination showed normal data except for the increase of the immunoglobulin concentrations. In neutrophil function tests chemotaxis was depressed, although phagocytosis, random migration and superoxide production were within normal limits. Histologically, neutrophils were seen in the gingival tissue and other findings were also similar to those of adult periodontitis. In immunohistological examination, IgG-bearing cells which mostly consisted of plasma cells predominated in the lesion. Considering the past history, the immunodeficiency and the absence of palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis, the case was diagnosed as prepubertal periodontitis.
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PMID:Immunohistological study with peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining in a case of generalized prepubertal periodontitis. 242 Sep 57

Lymphoma was diagnosed in a 7-year-old domestic cat found to be infected with FeLV and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The cat was affected by chronic disorders suggestive of immunosuppression, including gingivitis, periodontitis, keratitis, and abscesses. Despite treatment, peripheral keratitis of the left eye progressed, resulting in uveitis, chronic glaucoma, and eventual corneal rupture. Microscopic retinal and optic disk pathologic processes also were suspected. Abnormal jaw movements that were believed to be indicative of neurologic disease were observed. Approximately 17 months later, the cat developed generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and bilateral renomegaly. Lymphoblastic lymphoma and glomerulonephritis were diagnosed histologically. Manganese- and magnesium-dependent reverse transcriptase activity were detected in supernatants from lymph node and spleen mononuclear cell cultures, suggesting T-lymphocyte infection with FeLV and FIV.
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PMID:Feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in a cat with lymphoma. 253 74

The clinical picture of 6 women suffering from selective IgA immunodeficiency were studied in a 2-13 years lasting period of immunological outdoor patients care. Despite of respiratory infections, otitis media, sinusitis, aphtosis and exogenous allergy the first detection of IgA deficiency was delayed til adulthood (mean age 42 years). A case of a 22 years old women with complicated fistula after molar tooth extraction showed the problems of dentistry in such diagnosis. No significant deviation concerning periodontitis and caries has been demonstrated in all patients. However, the rate of IgA deficiency demands basic knowledge about diagnosis, prevention of local and systemic complications in this disease by all practising dentists.
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PMID:[Selective IgA defect. Clinical importance for stomatology]. 263 86


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