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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in developed countries. The cause is multifactorial. A substantial proportion of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) do not have traditional risk factors. Infectious diseases may play a role in these cases, or they may intensify the effect of other risk factors. The association of CAD and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is firmly established, but causality is yet to be proven. The link with other infectious agents or conditions, such as cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Helicobacter pylori and periodontitis, is more controversial. Cytomegalovirus infection is more strongly linked than native CAD to coronary artery restenosis after angioplasty and to accelerated CAD after cardiac transplantation. However, new data on this topic are appearing in the literature almost every month. The potential for novel therapeutic management of cardiovascular disease and stroke is great if infection is proven to cause or accelerate CAD or atherosclerosis. However, physicians should not "jump the gun" and start using antibiotic therapy prematurely for CAD. The results of large randomized clinical trials in progress will help establish causality and the benefits of antimicrobial therapy in CAD.
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PMID:Emerging relations between infectious diseases and coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. 1092 Jul 32

The objective of this work was to assess the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus-related oral lesions (HIV-ROL) in HIV-positive/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) including HIV-protease inhibitors. One hundred fifty-five (154) AIDS patients (69 intravenous drug users [IDU], 53 heterosexuals, 29 males who have sex with males, 1 transfused, and 2 of unknown contagious source) receiving HAART, were examined. We found the following prevalences: HIV-ROL 53.2%; oral candidiasis 34.4%; hairy leucoplakia 26.6%; xerostomia 15.5%; herpes simplex labialis 1.9%; HIV/periodontitis-gingivitis 0.6%. No cases of Kaposi's sarcoma were observed. The highest prevalence of HIV-ROL was found in the IDU group, and in patients with viral load more than 10,000 copies and CD4(+) cell count less than 200. Using our historical controls, this suggests that the prevalence of all oral lesions, particularly oral candidiasis, herpes simplex labiali, Kaposi's sarcoma, and periodontal disease has decreased more than 30% after the institution of HAART.
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PMID:Oral lesions in HIV/AIDS patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral treatment including protease inhibitors: a new face of oral AIDS? 1111 29

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus type 1 (EBV-1) are frequently detected in crevicular fluid of deep periodontal pockets, but little or no information is available on occurrence of herpesviruses in gingival tissue. This investigation studied the presence of herpesviruses in periodontal pockets and the corresponding gingival tissues from 11 periodontally healthy and 14 periodontitis sites. A nested-polymerase chain reaction was employed to identify the presence of HCMV, EBV-1, EBV-2, herpes simplex virus, human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8 in each test sample. In healthy periodontal sites, HCMV was detected in 1 (9%) and EBV-1 in 2 (18%) pocket samples, and HCMV was detected in 2 (18%) and EBV-1 in 3 (27%) gingival tissue samples. In periodontitis lesions, HCMV was detected in 9 (64%) pocket samples and in 12 (86%) gingival tissue samples, and EBV-1 was detected in 6 (43%) pocket samples and in 11 (79%) gingival tissue samples. HHV-6 and HHV-8 were detected exclusively in gingival tissue samples. The present findings confirm the frequent presence of HCMV and EBV-1 in periodontitis lesions and suggest using gingival tissue specimens for detecting periodontal HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8.
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PMID:Herpesviruses in periodontal pocket and gingival tissue specimens. 1115 59

Destructive periodontal disease is associated with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr type 1 virus (EBV-1) and other members of the Herpesviridae family as well as with various gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, including the Dialister pneumosintes species. This study aimed to determine possible interrelationships between periodontal HCMV, EBV-1, herpes simplex virus and D. pneumosintes, and relate the microbiological findings to periodontitis clinical status. Sixteen subjects each contributed paper point samples from two progressing and two stable periodontitis lesions, as determined by ongoing loss of probing attachment. Polymerase chain reaction methodology was used to identify the study herpesviruses and D. pneumosintes. Chi-squared tests, Fisher exact tests and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify statistical associations among herpesviruses, bacteria and clinical variables. HCMV, and no other virus or combination of viruses, was positively associated with the presence of D. pneumosintes, and the relationship was specific for individual periodontitis sites with no detectable subject effect. D. pneumosintes was in turn positively associated with periodontal pocket depth and disease-active periodontitis. When the average percentage of alveolar bone loss in all teeth was treated as a response, HCMV remained significant even after D. pneumosintes was included in the model, suggesting that both HCMV and D. pneumosintes affected bone loss or, alternatively, HCMV affected factors not studied that themselves can induce bone loss. We hypothesize that periodontal HCMV sets the stage for subgingival proliferation of D. pneumosintes and subsequent periodontal disease progression. Studies on herpesviral-bacterial interactions may hold great promise for delineating important etio-pathogenic aspects of destructive periodontal disease.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus periodontal presence is associated with subgingival Dialister pneumosintes and alveolar bone loss. 1248 28

Herpesviruses seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis and may also contribute to periapical pathosis. This study determined the presence of human cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes simplex virus productive infection in five symptomatic periapical lesions of teeth having intact crowns and calcified necrotic pulps. Periapical samples were collected in conjunction with periapical surgery and kept frozen until virological examination. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used in herpesviral identification. RNA was isolated from periapical tissue by a guanidinium isothiocyanate-acid phenol procedure. cDNAs were generated from highly conserved regions of the test viruses using a preamplification kit. Sensitivity and validity of the PCR-primers were determined according to established methods. Amplification products were identified using gel electrophoresis. Human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus dual transcription was detected in all five periapical lesions studied. Herpes simplex virus transcript was not identified in any lesion. The present data suggest that human cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus activation participate in the pathogenesis of symptomatic periapical lesions. We hypothesize that periapical active herpesvirus infection impairs local defenses, thereby inducing overgrowth of endodontopathic bacteria and the clinical flare-up of inflammation.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus active infection in periapical lesions of teeth with intact crowns. 1277 3

Two members of the herpesvirus family, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), seem to be important putative pathogens of human periodontitis and symptomatic periapical lesions, causing pathosis either by inducing immunosuppression with a subsequent risk of aggressive bacterial infections or by infecting of periodontal cells directly. This study aimed to relate periapical occurrence of HCMV, EBV, and herpes simplex virus active infections to clinical characteristics of periapical lesions and periapical bacterial flora. Microbial samples were collected from 34 periapical lesions in conjunction with periapical surgery. Part of the periapical specimen was frozen for virologic examination, and another part was transferred to anaerobic transport medium for bacteriologic examination. RNA was isolated by means of a guanidinium isothiocyanate-acid phenol procedure, and cDNA was produced using herpesvirus-specific primers and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification. Bacteriologic examination was performed according to established anaerobic culture methods. Of the 34 periapical lesions studied, 20 showed both HCMV and EBV, seven showed only HCMV, one showed only EBV, and six showed neither HCMV nor EBV. Herpes simplex virus was detected in two lesions. Higher occurrence of herpesvirus was detected in large versus small periapical lesions (p < 0.001) and in symptomatic versus asymptomatic periapical lesions (p < 0.001). A total of 18 microbial groups and an average of 2.1 to 3.0 bacterial groups were isolated from various categories of periapical lesions. The important finding of this study was that most teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesions harbored herpesviruses in periapical granulomatous tissue. Herpesvirus species in cooperation with endodontopathic bacteria may play major roles in the etiopathogenesis of aggressive types of periapical pathosis in humans.
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PMID:Herpesviral-bacterial coinfection in periapical pathosis. 1497 98

The purpose of the study has been to evaluate the degree of chronic inflammation in tissues surrounding the apex of the tooth root in patients with apical periodontitis in the remission phase. The material included 37 apical granulomas and radicular cysts obtained as a result of apiectomy, and 20 teeth which were removed together with the focus of the periapical inflammation. Routine histological techniques, as well as the immunofluorescent and immuno-chemical methods were used to examine the material. Despite the absence of clinical symptoms in 23 of 57 cases, the morphological signs of chronic inflammation were observed in the apical area of the tooth root. Morphological signs of viral invasion of epithelial and stromal cells in the radicular cyst wall were revealed in six cases. The presence of the virus of Herpes simplex I in epithelial cells (five cases) and adenoviral invasion (one case) was confirmed by immuno-fluorescent and immuno-chemical methods. Histological examination often reveals morphological signs of an active inflammatory process in the periapical tissues of patients treated during clinical remission. In our opinion, the presence of viruses in the epithelial cells of the radicular cyst may contribute to the persistence of the active stage of the inflammatory process.
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PMID:Light microscopic study of periapical lesions associated with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. 1590 Jul 5

HIV-related oral conditions occur in a large proportion of patients, and frequently are misdiagnosed or inadequately treated. Dental expertise is necessary for appropriate management of oral manifestations of HIV infection or AIDS, but many patients do not receive adequate dental care. Common or notable HIV-related oral conditions include xerostomia, candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, periodontal diseases such as linear gingival erythema and necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, Kaposi's sarcoma, human papilloma virus-associated warts, and ulcerative conditions including herpes simplex virus lesions, recurrent aphthous ulcers, and neutropenic ulcers.
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PMID:Oral manifestations of HIV disease. 1637 52

Viral and bacterial associations appear to be implicated in the development of periodontal infections. Little information is available describing the periodontopathic agents in root canals with necrotic pulp. In this study, the occurrence and the combinations among herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Dialister pneumosintes, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola in patients with chronic periodontitis and necrotic pulp were evaluated. Clinical samples from healthy subjects and patients with periodontal or pulp infections were analyzed using a nested polymerase chain reaction PCR to detect HSV and PCR to detect the 3 periodontal bacteria. The presence of Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola was observed in healthy, periodontitis, and necrotic pulp patients. HSV was observed in periodontitis and necrotic pulp patients, and no healthy subject harbored D. pneumosintes or HSV. The occurrence of Tannerella forsythia was not statistically significant in patients with necrotic pulp (P = 0.704). Periodontal bacteria were observed varying from 10.3% to 20.7% in periodontitis and necrotic pulp patients. The presence of Treponema denticola - HSV association was predominant in patients showing necrotic pulp (24.1%); however, HSV alone was observed in one patient with periodontitis and in another patient with necrotic pulp. The presence of double association among bacteria or bacteria - HSV could indicate a role in both periodontitis and necrotic pulp, and Tannerella forsythia - Treponema denticola - HSV and Tannerella forsythia - D. pneumosintes - Treponema denticola - HSV associations might be important in periodontitis.
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PMID:Occurrence of herpes simplex virus 1 and three periodontal bacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis and necrotic pulp. 1838 6

Irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis are inflammatory diseases caused by opportunistic bacteria with possible co-infection with latent herpesviruses. The objectives of this study are to identify herpesviruses, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), and Varicella zoster virus (VZV) in patients with irreversible pulpitis (n = 29) or apical periodontitis, either primary (n = 30) or previously treated (n = 23). Using primary and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR, EBV DNA and RNA were present in endodontic pathoses in significantly higher percentages (43.9% and 25.6%, respectively) compared with healthy pulp controls (0% and 0%, respectively). HCMV DNA and RNA were found in measurable numbers in both endodontic patients (15.9% and 29.3%, respectively) and in healthy pulp controls (42.1% and 10.5%, respectively). HSV-1 DNA was found in low percentages in endodontic patients (13.4%), and only one patient showed the presence of VZV. In conclusion, EBV may be associated with irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis.
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PMID:Herpesviruses in endodontic pathoses: association of Epstein-Barr virus with irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis. 1908 19


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