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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A dental focus usually is a localized chronic infection that under certain circumstances may result in severe local or systemic disease. The most important dental foci are periodontitis, periapical lesions, advanced carious lesions, nonvital pulp, partially impacted teeth and root tips. Local effects of dental foci particularly are processes that may come to expression because of a compromised immunological defence, such as osteoradionecrosis. Systemic effects are mainly caused by transient bacteraemia which can occur spontaneously out of dental foci or after manipulations such as brushing, flossing and dental treatment. Well known examples are infectious endocarditis, fever during chemotherapy and hematogenous infections of total joint prostheses. For all patients at risk (a.o. endocarditis, endoprosthesis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) it is important that dental foci are treated. Because in most patients the risk factors are present lifelong, a healthy dentition and a healthy periodontium are the best way of prevention.
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PMID:[Dental foci. Role, treatment and prophylaxis in patients at risk]. 1192 91

Oral biofilms such as dental plaque cause dental caries and periodontitis, as well as aspiration pneumonia and infectious endocarditis by translocation. Hence, the suppression of oral biofilm formation is an issue of considerable importance. Mechanical removal, disinfectants, inhibition of polysaccharide formation, and artificial sugar have been used for the reduction of oral biofilm. From the viewpoint of the inhibition of bacterial adherence, we investigated whether aqueous biocompatible 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-polymer can reduce streptococcal colonization and biofilm formation. We examined the effects of MPC-polymer on streptococcal adherence to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and oral epithelial cells, and the adherence of Fusobacterium nucleatum to streptococcal biofilm. MPC-polymer application markedly inhibited both the adherence and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and streptococcal adherence to oral epithelial cells, and reduced the adherence of F. nucleatum to streptococcal biofilms. A small-scale clinical trial revealed that mouthrinsing with MPC-polymer inhibited the increase of oral bacterial numbers, especially of S. mutans. These findings suggest that MPC-polymer is a potent inhibitor of bacterial adherence and biofilm development, and may be useful to prevent dental-plaque-related diseases. (UMIN Clinical Trial Registry UMIN000003471).
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PMID:MPC-polymer reduces adherence and biofilm formation by oral bacteria. 2144 97

Flavonoids are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds claimed to help alleviate a variety of conditions, including diabetes, infectious endocarditis, and cancer. They have attracted substantial research interest as nutraceuticals owing to their diverse bioactivities. Periodontitis is a high-incidence inflammatory disease affecting the dentition-supporting periodontium. Although the etiology of periodontitis is diverse, microbial species in dental plaque are considered its main pathogenic agents. Here, we provide a review of flavonoid study findings relevant for periodontitis treatment and prevention. Cell biology and in vivo rodent model studies have revealed a multiple of flavonoid effects on periodontal cells and tissues, including regulation of inflammatory responses in periodontal components and potential preserving effects in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone tissues. Mechanistic studies have indicated that flavonoids may counteract the proinflammatory effects exerted by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) proteins through Toll-like receptor (TLR) responses. Potentially beneficial effects of flavonoids have been reported for various periodontium cells, including epithelial gingival cells, gingival fibroblasts, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, as well as for alveolar bone maintaining osteoblasts. The findings indicate that flavonoids are highly promising clinical agents for the prevention and reduction of periodontitis, which can be delivered easily to patients via mouthwash, toothpaste, and food products.
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PMID:Flavonoids exert multiple periodontic benefits including anti-inflammatory, periodontal ligament-supporting, and alveolar bone-preserving effects. 3012 Nov 98

Oral diseases are highly prevalent and a global burden. Accordingly, their prevention appears essential. Recently, different strategies have been developed, mainly focusing on the presence of singular oral diseases or conditions. This article aims to construct a contemporary concept of individualized preventive care in dentistry whereby the focus is switched from viewing oral health in isolation to viewing the patient as a whole. The basis for individualized prevention measures is the case-oriented profile, including the synthesis of risk- and need-oriented parameters. The risk profile comprises different risk factors within the fields of systemic diseases, medications, and lifestyle that inherently pose a potential risk of complications (e.g., infectious endocarditis) and/or oral diseases (e.g., periodontitis). The needs profile includes factors originating from the aspects of oral diseases, dental restorations/appliances, and dental results with a potential risk of pathogenesis (e.g., the de novo development of caries) and/or the potential progression of oral diseases (e.g., an existing caries lesion). Based on these parameters, the general framework and content of prevention measures, as well as the maintenance interval, should be adapted to the individual patient. The implications of this concept might increase the safety, effectiveness, and efficiency of prevention in dental care. A further area of focus is primary prevention, that is, a focus on the preservation of oral health instead of a disease-related approach. However, clinical validation is needed to prove the benefits of the model presented. Individualized prevention promotes a shift from a disease-focused model to a whole-patient-focused model and provides a potential approach for establishing a contemporary concept for preventive care in dentistry.
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PMID:Changing the Focus to the Whole Patient instead of One Oral Disease: The Concept of Individualized Prevention. 3251 97