Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030794 (pelvic pain)
 4,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From August 1988-June 1989, 983 physicians participated in a phase IV trial by following 7759 women using the monophasic oral contraceptive (OC), Demulen 1/35 (1 mg ethynodiol diacetate and 35 ug ethinyl estradiol) to evaluate its efficacy and safety. The total number of cycles for the study stood at 21,440. In addition, the total woman-years stood at 1787. Only 6382 patients could be evaluated for safety. 4.4% of the patients had adverse reactions to the OC, but only 1.7% of all patients stopped taking it. The leading side effects included nausea (67 cases), headache (45), amenorrhea (42), emotional changes (30), breast pain (19), dysmenorrhea (12), and 11 cases of weight gain, abdominal/pelvic pain, and bloating. Of the 280 reported adverse reactions, only 87 (31%) were considered severe. The leading serious adverse reactions were depression (10) and hypertension (6). Only 5412 patients could be used to determine efficacy. The physicians initially reported 121 (2.2%) pregnancies during the study. The researchers learned that 33 of the 84 returned 2nd questionnaires (response rate, 70%) reported that the women conceived after enrollment but before taking the OC. 36 conceived while taking it, but 8 did not take it daily. Noncompliance may have contributed to pregnancy for the remaining 28 cases. Therefore the 36 confirmed pregnancies made for a failure rate of .7%. 85.7% of the pregnancies happened in the 1st 3 months of taking the OC. Either patient noncompliance or true medication failure accounted for treatment failure. Therefore it is important for physicians to instruct patients on how to take OCs correctly.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of ethynodiol diacetate, 1 mg, with ethinyl estradiol, 35 micrograms, with an emphasis on contraceptive efficacy. A phase IV trial. 204 81

The presence of ovarian cysts was determined by ultrasonography in 21 women taking progestagen-only contraceptives. These pills have fewer systemic side effects than combined pills but increased bleeding irregularities, possibly related to ovarian estrogen secretion. The 21 women and 21 controls were recruited from family planning clients at the Margaret Pyke Centre, London. Women with history of pelvic pain were excluded. The pills were levonorgestrel 30 mcg (6 women), norethisterone 350 mcg (8), and ethynodiol diacetate (7). Subjects received 3 ultrasound scans with an ALOKA SSD-720 scanner during 1 menstrual cycle. A functional ovarian cyst was defined as any fluid-filled structure 39 mm diameter that subsequently failed to rupture and form a corpus luteum. Functional cysts were seen in 8 of 21 women on the 1st scan. 15/21 failed to ovulate, and 12 of these had cysts. Among 21 matched controls only 1 cyst appeared on the first scan, which regressed during contralateral ovulation. 3 controls developed cysts and did not ovulate, or 19%, significantly lower than 71% of pill users (p.01). It is known that the combined pill reduces the incidence of cysts compared to that in diaphragm users, and cysts have been reported in bearers on norethisterone implants. This is the 1st study to follow cyst formation in progesterone-only pill users.
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PMID:Studies on ovarian function in users of the progestagen only contraceptive pill. 1231 77