Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030794 (pelvic pain)
 4,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The real prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is unknown since many women are either asymptomatic or have atypical symptoms. It is often difficult to detect, manage, and prevent PID. Since PID has obstetric, gynecologic, and contraceptive-related causes, its prevalence is quite high. About 70% of PID hospital admissions in sub-Saharan Africa are a result of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) while this figure is 34% in Asia and 31% in developed countries. Only 10-20% of lower RTIs ascend into the upper genital tract and an even smaller percentage of women with PID develop chronic sequelae. Still, just 1 episode carries an increased risk of a tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, considerable pain during coitus, a new episode, and menstrual irregularities. Neisseria gonorrhoea and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most common causative organisms of PID. In Africa, the risk factors for PID are the same as they are for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs): multiple sex partners, young age at first intercourse, high frequency of coitus, and a high rate of acquiring new partners. The largest percentage of women with RTIs are monogamous women who are infected and constantly reinfected by their promiscuous husbands. The primary means to prevent PID are promotion of safer sexual behavior and condom usage. Secondary measures include accessible, acceptable, and effective STD services and education and counseling during case management. WHO suggests that STD treatment become part of the primary health care system. It has developed flow charts on syndromic diagnosis for urethral discharge in men and genital ulcer disease in women. Health workers should assume increased PID risk if the partner has had a history of urethral discharge and/or treatment for gonorrhea or nongonococcal urethritis. Partner notification is also needed for case management, but stigmatization in some countries poses a problem. WHO also recommends use of drugs which have a 95% STD cure rate.
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PMID:Pelvic inflammatory disease. 1234 39

To evaluate the characteristics of lichen sclerosus (LS) accompanied by urethral squamous cell carcinoma (USCC) and to raise urologists' awareness about the early management of LS, a retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of 18 male genital LS accompanied by USCC patients who were referred to Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital between June 2000 and August 2014. All of the patients had a long-term history of LS, urethral strictures, and urethral dilatation. Seven patients are with distal (glanular or penile) USCC, 10 patients with proximal USCC, and one with entire USCC. The most common presentation, except for LS and urethral strictures, was periurethral abscess, followed by extraurethral mass, pelvic pain, urethrocutaneous fistula, hematuria, and bloody urethral discharge. All had primary surgical excision that was adapted to tumor location and extension. All of the USCC were positive for P53 and Ki-67. P16 was positive in four cases of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated USCC and negative in 14 cases of HPV-independent USCC. Patients with distal USCC had a significant longer survival time than proximal USCC ( p < .05). LS should be treated early to prevent the disease progression. LS probably has some associations with USCC. Distal USCC has a relatively better prognosis than proximal USCC.
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PMID:Lichen Sclerosus Accompanied by Urethral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study From a Urethral Referral Center. 2992 51