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Query: UMLS:C0030794 (pelvic pain)
 4,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The knowledge needed to formulate proper indications for hysterectomy include a thorough understanding of the physiology and pathology of the female reproductive organs, the clinical manifestations of pelvic disease, and normal and abnormal psycho/social/sexual development. This basic and thorough knowledge and understanding is the absolute foundation on which to base the practice of gynecologic surgery. After the right operation has been selected for operation, the right operation must be selected for the patient. The successful practice of gynecologic surgery also requires proper preparation of the patient for the operation, proper performance of the operation, and proper postoperative care. A competent gynecologist who has followed a patient for several years, has kept careful records of findings and treatment, and has the patient's full confidence is most likely able to make the most accurate judgment about the necessity for hysterectomy. Yet, in most circumstances a 2nd opinion should still be sought. Apprpriate indications for hysterectomy include benign uterine disease and/or symptoms -- dysfunctional uterine bleeding; uterine pain, bleeding, and enlargement; uterine descensus and prolaspe; uterine leiomyomas; septic abortions; and obstetric catastrophs. Other indications include benign diseases of the tubes and ovaries in which the uterus is not primarily involved -- pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic endometriosis, and ectopic pregnancy -- and neoplastic disease, namely, cervical intraepithelial carcinoma (carcinoma in situ), early invasive cervical cancer, endometrial adenocarcinoma and sarcoma, trophoblastic disease, ovarian and fallopian tube neoplasms, and malignant disease of other adjacent organs. Miscellaneous and usual indications for hysterectomy include cervical problems such as servical stenosis with recurring pyometra following unsuccessful attempts to keep the cervix open, chronic pelvic pain, pelvic congestion syndrome, and surgical sterilization. A partial list of inappropriate indications for hysterectomy includes prophylaxis against uterine cancer, contraception in a gynecologically normal patient, management of the menopause, leukorrhea and chronic cervictis, primary dysmenorrhea and premenstrual tension, mild urinary incontinence, postmenopausal bleeding, abnormal vaginal/cervical cytology, and cervical dysplasia.
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PMID:Indications of hysterectomy. 733 47

The author reports a very rare case of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the uterus. A 74-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of pelvic pain. Imaging modalities showed a large tumor of the posterior aspect of the uterus, and enucleation was performed. The tumor was attached to the posterior uterus, similar to subserosal leiomyoma. No attachment to the gastrointestinal organs was recognized. The tumor was soft, tan, and measured 13 x 15 x 12 cm. The tumor consisted of cellular spindle cells with focal necrotic areas. Mitotic figures were noted in 3 of 50 high-power fields. The tumor cells were positive for KIT, CD34, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, and vimentin, but negative for alpha-smooth muscle actin, S100 protein, p53 protein, HMB45, and desmin. Ki-67 labeling was 3%. Five normal uteruses used as controls showed KIT-positive Cajal-like mesenchymal cell scattering in the myometrium. Genetic analyses of the c-kit gene (exons 9, 11, 13, and 17) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha gene (exons 12 and 18) revealed a point mutation at codon 559 (GTT-->GAT) of exon 11 of the c-kit gene. Other exons showed no abnormalities. This case shows that gastrointestinal stromal tumor may occur in the uterus.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the uterus: a case report with genetic analyses of c-kit and PDGFRA genes. 1904 11

Vaginal bleeding, abdominopelvic pain, nausea, and vomiting are common presenting symptoms in early pregnancy. All women of reproductive age who present with abdominal or pelvic pain or with vaginal bleeding should be evaluated for possible pregnancy. There should be a high index of suspicion for ectopic pregnancy in women presenting with abdominal pain and bleeding after approximately 7 weeks of amenorrhea. Investigation for the cause of the bleeding should ensue. Gestational trophoblastic disease should be considered as a possible cause. Treatment options for nausea during pregnancy should be discussed with women with this common symptom.
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PMID:First trimester complications. 2230 82

Delayed treatment of the massive bleeding in gynecologic and obstetric conditions can cause high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to assess the angiographic findings and outcomes of transarterial embolization in cases of massive hemorrhage from underlying gynecological and obstetrical conditions. This is a retrospective study of 18 consecutive patients who underwent transarterial embolization of uterine and/or hypogastric arteries due to massive bleeding from gynecological and obstetrical causes from January 2006 to December 2011. The underlying causes of bleeding, angiographic findings, technical success rates, clinical success rates, and complications were evaluated. Massive gynecological and obstetrical bleeding occurred in 12 cases and 6 cases, respectively. Gestational trophoblastic disease was the most common cause of gynecological bleeding. The most common cause of obstetrical hemorrhage was primary post-partum hemorrhage. Tumor stain was the most frequent angiographic finding (11 cases) in the gynecological bleeding group. The most common angiographic findings in obstetrical patients were extravasation (2 cases) and pseudoaneurysm (2 cases). Technical and final clinical success rates were found in all 18 cases and 16 cases. Collateral arterial supply, severe metritis, and unidentified cervical laceration were causes of uncontrolled bleeding. Only minor complications occurred, which included pelvic pain and groin hematoma. Percutaneous transarterial embolization is a highly effective and safe treatment to control massive bleeding in gynecologic and obstetric emergencies.
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PMID:Transarterial embolization for the treatment of massive bleeding in gynecologic and obstetric emergencies: a single center experience. 2452 52

Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality used in the evaluation of first-trimester vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. This article will summarize the ultrasound findings in normal first-trimester pregnancy, failed pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, subchorionic hemorrhage, retained products of conception, and gestational trophoblastic disease. Mastery of the spectrum of sonographic findings in the normal and abnormal first-trimester pregnancy allows the radiologist to make accurate diagnoses and helps to appropriately guide patient management.
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PMID:Pearls and pitfalls in first-trimester obstetric sonography. 2545 72

The purpose of this article is to help the practitioner ensure early diagnosis and response to emergencies in the first trimester by reviewing anatomy of the developing embryo, highlighting the sonographic appearance of common first-trimester emergencies, and discussing key management pathways for treating emergent cases. First-trimester fetal development is a stepwise process that can be challenging to evaluate in the emergency department (ED) setting. This is due, in part, to the complex anatomy of early pregnancy, subtlety of the sonographic findings, and the fact that fewer than half of patients with ectopic pregnancy present with the classic clinical findings of a positive pregnancy test, vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and tender adnexa. Ultrasound (US) has been the primary approach to diagnostic imaging of first-trimester emergencies, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) playing a supportive role in a small minority of cases. Familiarity with the sonographic findings diagnostic of and suspicious for early pregnancy failure, ectopic pregnancy, retained products of conception, gestational trophoblastic disease, failed intrauterine devices, and complications associated with assisted reproductive technology (ART) is critical for any emergency radiologist. Evaluation of first-trimester emergencies is challenging, and knowledge of key imaging findings and familiarity with management pathways are needed to ensure early diagnosis and response.
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PMID:First-trimester emergencies: a radiologist's perspective. 2894 11