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Query: UMLS:C0030794 (pelvic pain)
 4,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nutcracker syndrome is the term used to describe the patient with clinical symptoms of entrapment of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. Pelvic congestion syndrome, which is a cause of chronic pelvic pain in women, may be due to Nutcracker syndrome. There are many modalities of treatment for Nutcracker syndrome. This is a case report of a 32-year old woman with pelvic congestion syndrome due to Nutcracker syndrome, who subsequently underwent laparoscopic transperitoneal left gonadal vein ligation. She has had complete remission of pain in 4 months after the operation and after 12 months of follow-up. Laparoscopic transperitoneal gonadal vein ligation is an approach that is safe, simple and provides good results for patient with pelvic congestion syndrome secondary to Nutcracker syndrome.
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PMID:Laparoscopic transperitoneal gonadal vein ligation for treatment of pelvic congestion secondary to Nutcracker syndrome: a case report. 2351 81

Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is an important cause of chronic pelvic pain in female patients. Chronic pelvic pain, defined as lower abdominal or pelvic pain for a duration of 6 months or more, causes significant morbidity and results in a large number of diagnostic laparoscopies. It is of utmost importance to identify treatable causes of chronic pelvic pain, one of which is PCS. The etiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment options in PCS have been discussed in this paper.
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PMID:Pelvic congestion syndrome. 2379 92

Patients with pelvic congestion syndrome present with otherwise unexplained chronic pelvic pain that has been present for greater than 6 months, and anatomic findings that include pelvic venous insufficiency and pelvic varicosities. It remains an underdiagnosed explanation for pelvic pain in young, premenopausal, usually multiparous females. Symptoms include noncyclical, positional lower back, pelvic and upper thigh pain, dyspareunia, and prolonged postcoital discomfort. Symptoms worsen throughout the day and are exacerbated by activity or prolonged standing. Examination may reveal ovarian tenderness and unusual varicosities-vulvoperineal, posterior thigh, and gluteal. Diagnosis is suspected by clinical history and imaging that demonstrates pelvic varicosities. Venography is usually necessary to confirm ovarian vein reflux, although transvaginal ultrasound may be useful in documenting this finding. Endovascular therapy has been validated by several large patient series with long-term follow-up using standardized pain assessment surveys. Embolization has been shown to be significantly more effective than surgical therapy in improving symptoms in patients who fail hormonal therapy. Although there has been variation in approaches between investigators, the goal is elimination of ovarian vein reflux with or without direct sclerosis of enlarged pelvic varicosities. Symptom reduction is seen in 70 to 90% of the treated females despite technical variation.
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PMID:Pelvic congestion syndrome. 2443 64

Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) presents with a non-cyclic pelvic pain lasting more than six months in duration in premenopausal women. Pelvic ultrasonography or computed tomography is usually the first imaging modality used to evaluate patients with suspected PCS. PCS is confirmed by visible congestion of the pelvic veins on selective ovarian venography. To our knowledge, the role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has not been reported. EUS showed multiple dilated structures especially on left side around the uterus and ovaries, which are compatible with other radiological investigations of PCS Although PCS is not typical areas within the scope of practice of endosonographers, it is useful to be familiar with the findings. We report a case of PCS that was diagnosed with the aid of EUS.
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PMID:Pelvic congestion syndrome diagnosed using endoscopic ultrasonography. 2461 9

Pelvic congestion syndrome is associated with pelvic varicosities that result in chronic pelvic pain, especially in the setting of prolonged standing, coitus, menstruation, and pregnancy. Although the underlying pathophysiology of pelvic congestion syndrome is unclear, it probably results from a combination of dysfunctional venous valves, retrograde blood flow, venous hypertension, and dilatation. Asymptomatic women may also have pelvic varicosities, making pelvic congestion syndrome difficult to diagnose. This article explores the etiologies of pain, use of imaging techniques, and clinical management of pelvic congestion syndrome. Possible explanations for the spectrum of pain among women with pelvic varicosities are also discussed.
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PMID:Pelvic congestion syndrome: etiology of pain, diagnosis, and clinical management. 2474 2

Pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI), defined as retrograde flow in the gonadal and internal iliac veins, is the underlying cause of pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS), a common cause of disabling chronic pelvic pain in women of child-bearing age. PCS is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by positional pelvic pain that is worse in the upright position and is associated with pelvic and vulvar varicosities as well as symptoms of dyspareunia and postcoital pain. Through collaterals to the lower extremity venous system, PVI may also contribute to varicose vein formation and recurrence in the lower extremities. Endovascular embolization of the ovarian and internal iliac veins has become the treatment of choice for PVI and PCS. This article reviews the pelvic retroperitoneal venous anatomy, pathophysiology of PCS, treatment options and techniques, and clinical outcomes of embolotherapy for PCS.
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PMID:Pelvic congestion syndrome and pelvic varicosities. 2484 Sep 63

Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a rare pathology, caused by compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the abdominal aorta (AA) and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), due to reduction of the angle between AA and SMA. This leads to LRV varices, left gonadal vein varices and therefore, the pelvic congestion syndrome. For this reason, coexistence of NCS and pelvic congestion syndrome has been described. It manifests by hematuria, proteinuria, and nonspecific pelvic pain secondary to pelvic congestion, dyspareunia and persistent genital arousal. We report a 27-year-old woman who experienced hematuria and left flank pain. The diagnosis of NCS accompanied by pelvic congestion syndrome was missed initially, but later on the diagnosis was made by color Doppler ultrasound, abdominal computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography that were later performed. She refused interventional and surgical treatments, and was lost to follow up.
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PMID:Nutcracker Syndrome Accompanying Pelvic Congestion Syndrome; Color Doppler Sonography and Multislice CT Findings: A Case Report. 2503 94

Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is a cause of chronic pelvic pain in women and is defined as pelvic pain lasting for more than six months.The diagnosis of PCS is a challenging task for the gynaecologist. It can be due to many varied causes like endometriosis, adhesions, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ovarian cyst, fibroids, pelvic varicosities. Radiology plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of PCS. Pelvic UltraSonography (PUS),transvaginal sonography (TVS) with doppler, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and ovarian venography are usually used in the diagnosis of this condition. We report a case of a 35-year-old multiparous patient with history of pain in lower abdomen, vaginal discharge and general lethargy for past three years who was diagnosed as a case of PCS based on typical TVS and Doppler findings.
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PMID:Role of trans vaginal ultrasound and Doppler in diagnosis of pelvic congestion syndrome. 2517 7

OBJECTIVE. The purposes of this article are to review the causes of pelvic congestion syndrome and the imaging used to make the diagnosis and to summarize the treatment options. CONCLUSION. Pelvic congestion syndrome is one of many causes of chronic pelvic pain. It is thought to arise from ovarian and pelvic venous incompetence. Findings from various noninvasive imaging studies, such as Doppler ultrasound and MRI, in association with the clinical symptoms are critical in establishing the diagnosis.
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PMID:Pelvic venous insufficiency: imaging diagnosis, treatment approaches, and therapeutic issues. 2561 69

Many female patients are affected by chronic pelvic pain and a significant number of referrals to the gynecology department result in a clinical suspicion of pelvic congestion syndrome. Additionally, patients referred to the vascular surgery department for venous disease can also present with complaints of a persistent dull lower abdominal pain in addition to typically distributed leg varicosities (that extend from the leg through the pelvic floor) which should be evaluated for the presence of pelvic congestion syndrome. In this article, we focus on imaging pelvic vein insufficiency and related (extending) varicosities: how should we evaluate the pelvic veins, what are the signs to look for, and what are the currently established criteria for (pre-interventional) imaging.
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PMID:Diagnostic imaging of pelvic congestive syndrome. 2572 70


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