Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030794 (pelvic pain)
 4,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis are the most common sexually transmitted diseases occurring in developed countries. Among women, chlamydia-mediated diseases include urethritis, cervicitis, endometritis, and salpingitis. Sequelae include infertility, pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and perinatal infection. Aspects of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Chlamydial infection in women. 268 46

Chlamydia are a frequent etiologic agent in the chronic salpingitis that has become more and more of a problem in recent years, with its accompanying pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancies, and tubal sterility. Although public health officials, obstetricians and gynecologists, and sexually transmitted disease specialists all agree that prevention would be preferrable to treatment of the resulting tubal lesions and possible neonatal complications, the change of habits necessary for prevention will be difficult to achieve. Infection can be avoided by discouraging early initiation of sexual activity in adolescents, who are apparently particularly susceptible to chlamydial infection, and by discouraging multiple sexual partners since the risk increases appreciably for those having over 3 partners. Condoms and local spermicides with a benzalkonium chloride base offer protection but are poorly accepted by adolescents. IUDs should not be used by adolescents because of the risk of infection. Diagnosis of chlamydia is difficult because about 60% of cases in women are asymptomatic. Persons at high risk because of their patterns of sexual activity should be examined regularly for chlamydia, and tests should be scrupulously performed at all stages and sent to a competent laboratory. All sexual contacts of the chlamydia patient and all their sexual contacts should be treated. An early diagnosis of tubal involvement is difficult but should be pursued through laparoscopy and taking the necessary samples. The public should be educated about the existence, gravity, consequences, and contagiousness of sexually transmitted diseases in such institutions as schools and the military service. Treatment of chlamydia includes early and intensive antibiotic therapy, complete rest, and prolonged use of corticotherapy. An oral contraceptive can be prescribed to prevent development of functional ovarian cysts. Laparoscopic control is essential to ensure that the cure was effective. Return of the infection is associated with a very poor prognosis.
 ...
PMID:[Prevention of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women]. 652 58

Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis can be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. In adults, complications include infertility, chronic pelvic pain and ectopic pregnancy. Complications in newborns include conjunctivitis and pneumonia. Screening of asymptomatic women at high risk for the disease can identify candidates for antibiotic therapy. Until recently, chlamydia cell culture was the only diagnostic test and it was not widely available. Because the specificity of cell culture is 100 percent, it remains the standard against which other tests are measured. The recent development of nonculture tests makes it feasible for most laboratories and physicians' offices to offer testing. The main disadvantage of nonculture tests is low specificity. A positive screening test in a woman at low risk should be confirmed by a second test. Routine screening and treatment of patients who are at high risk can decrease the incidence, complications and transmission of chlamydial infection.
 ...
PMID:Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection. 760 79

Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis are probably the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. Commonly unrecognized and often inadequately treated, chlamydial infections can ascend the reproductive tract and cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which often results in the devastating consequences of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain. C. trachomatis infections are also known to increase the risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. The obligate intracellular life cycle of C. trachomatis has traditionally required laboratory diagnostic tests that are technically demanding, labor-intensive, expensive, and difficult to access. In spite of these historical challenges, however, laboratory diagnosis of C. trachomatis has been a rapidly advancing area in which there is presently a wide array of commercial diagnostic technologies, costs, manufacturers. This review describes and compares the diagnostic methods for C. trachomatis infection that are currently approved for use in the United States, including the newest DNA amplification technologies which are yet to be licensed for commercial use. Issues to consider in selecting a test for purposes of screening versus diagnosis based on prevalence, performance, legal, social, and cost issues are also discussed.
 ...
PMID:Current methods of laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. 945 34

To assess the morbidity of S. haematobium infection in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in the western part of Madagascar, the village of Betalatala with a prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in women of 75.6% (95% confidence limit 69.3 to 81.9%) was compared with a neighbouring village with similar socio-economic characteristics and a prevalence of 5.0% (95% confidence limit 0 to 11.75%). The women were questioned in Malagasy about obstetrical history and urogynecological symptoms. They were examined gynaecologically, parasitologically and by ultrasonography. Important STDs were excluded by appropriate diagnostics. In Betalatala significantly more women reported a history of spontaneous abortion (P < 0.01), complaints of irregular menstruation (P < 0.001), pelvic pain (<0.05), vaginal discharge (P < 0.0001), dysuria (P < 0.05) and haematuria (P < 0.01) than in the control village. Biopsies were obtained from the cervix of 36 women with macroscopical lesions, and in 12 cases S. haematobium eggs were found by histological sectioning (33.3%). In the control village no eggs were detected in the histological sections of biopsies taken from 14 women. (P < 0.05). Infections with Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis and Treponema pallidum were found in similar frequencies in both villages. In 9.8% of the women in Betalatala abnormalities of the upper reproductive tract were revealed by ultrasonography versus none in the women from the control village (P < 0.05). Echographic abnormalities of the urinary tract were present in 24% and 3% of the women in the study village and in the control village, respectively (P < 0.0001). These findings were accompanied by an elevated frequency of haematuria (55% versus 20%) and proteinuria (70.4% versus 25%) in the study population (P < 0.0001). Our study indicates that S. haematobium infection in women may not only cause symptoms in the urinary tract, but also frequently in the lower and upper reproductive tract.
 ...
PMID:Clinical findings in female genital schistosomiasis in Madagascar. 962 35

Prostatitis reflects a broad spectrum of prostatic infections, both acute and chronic. Chronic prostatitis, known as National Institutes of Health category III or chronic pelvic pain syndrome, broadly defines a disease that is still poorly understood, and as a consequence, difficult to treat. Typical symptoms include pelvic pain and voiding dysfunction. Infection is often cited as the cause of this condition, despite frequent negative cultures. A close look at the local prostatic microenvironment may yield clues. The role of inflammatory mediators and what stimulates them can point to potential sites of prevention. A genetic link or relationship to other diseases may prove to be part of the cause. Furthermore, a neurologic source, whether anatomic or psychologic, has been strongly debated. Ultimately, it may become clear that chronic prostatitis represents the final common result of a disease that originates from a cascade of multiple stimuli.
 ...
PMID:Theories of prostatitis etiology. 1214 62

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) have been under much adverse media publicity and many product liability lawsuits have been filed since the mid-1970s, when reports of the association of the Dalkon Shield with septic abortion and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) surfaced. Yet, worldwide, it is estimated that 70 million women are using IUDs (50 million in China). In Scandinavia they are the most popular form of contraception. An international meeting on the current status of IUDs in New York in 1992 concluded that the IUD is a safe and excellent method of contraception for many women. The newest devices, such as Copper TCu380A and the Multiload Cu375, are the most effective. The risk of PID compared with women using no contraception is elevated by a factor of 7.02 only within the first 20 days after IUD insertion. In Norway, where around 40% of women use IUDs, there has been no increase in subfertility rates compared with the US and UK. A large WHO multicenter study in 1989 found that IUD users were 50% less likely to experience ectopic pregnancy than women using no contraception (90% with Copper TCu 380A). The risk of spontaneous abortion is more than doubled and the risks of preterm delivery increased 10-13% with an IUD in situ; therefore, IUDs should be removed as soon as pregnancy is confirmed. If uterine perforation by the device is suspected, it should be located by ultrasound or x-ray and promptly removed. After contraceptive counselling, even experienced general practitioners can insert IUDs at any time during the menstrual cycle, after induced abortion, or complete spontaneous abortion. Heavy menstrual loss or dysmenorrhea are the most common reasons for removing IUDs. Partial or complete IUD expulsion by uterine contractions is most likely during the first 3 months after insertion. Infection should be suspected in any user who develops pelvic pain.
 ...
PMID:IUDs: current perspectives. 1231 52

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States. An estimated 2.8 million infections occur annually. In 2002, a total of 834,555 cases in the United States, including 10,914 cases in Massachusetts, were reported through the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS). Chlamydial infection is most often reported in females, particularly those aged 15-24 years, reflecting a higher level of screening in females but also important risk factors. Although the majority of infections are asymptomatic, complications are potentially severe in women and include pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to tubal pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain. Chlamydial infection during pregnancy can cause illness in the infant (e.g., conjunctivitis and pneumonia). Infection in men can manifest as urethritis and epididymitis. Timely, documented diagnosis and treatment of chlamydial infection are critical to prevent both complications and transmission. Since 1996, a progressive increase has occurred in the number of reported cases of chlamydial infection in Massachusetts, in part because of an increase in screening and use of more sensitive tests. This report summarizes an evaluation of chlamydial-infection reporting in Massachusetts during January-June 2003. The results underscore the need for improvement in both completeness and timeliness of reporting chlamydial infection in Massachusetts.
 ...
PMID:Reporting of chlamydial infection--Massachusetts, January-June 2003. 1594 26

The most common site of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection is the urogenital tract. Men with this infection may experience dysuria with penile discharge, and women may have mild vaginal mucopurulent discharge, severe pelvic pain, or no symptoms. Other N. gonorrhoeae infections include anorectal, conjunctival, pharyngeal, and ovarian/uterine. Infections that occur in the neonatal period may cause ophthalmia neonatorum. If left untreated, N. gonorrhoeae infections can disseminate to other areas of the body, which commonly causes synovium and skin infections. Disseminated gonococcal infection presents as a few skin lesions that are limited to the extremities. These legions start as papules and progress into bullae, petechiae, and necrotic lesions. The most commonly infected joints include wrists, ankles, and the joints of the hands and feet. Urogenital N. gonorrhoeae infections can be diagnosed using culture or nonculture (e.g., the nucleic acid amplification test) techniques. When multiple sites are potentially infected, culture is the only approved diagnostic test. Treatments for uncomplicated urogenital, anorectal, or pharyngeal gonococcal infections include cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinolones should not be used in patients who live in or may have contracted gonorrhea in Asia, the Pacific islands, or California, or in men who have sex with men. Gonorrhea infection should prompt physicians to test for other sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. 1673 55

Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis accounts for the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the UK. Men between 20 and 24 years and women between 16 and 19 years have the highest prevalence of chlamydial infection. Because the majority of women with chlamydial infection are asymptomatic, a proportion remains untreated and eventually develops pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can result in ectopic pregnancy, infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Screening for chlamydial infection might reduce the incidence of complications of PID. The advent of nucleic acid amplification tests and single-dose therapy for chlamydial infection has made home testing and easy treatment possible.
 ...
PMID:A review on infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. 1693 31


1 2 Next >>