Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030794 (pelvic pain)
 4,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microbiological and histopathological specimens were obtained from three levels (fundal, middle and cervical) of the endometrium immediately after removing the uterus. Hysterectomy indication was menometrorrhagia and uterine fibroids in eight cases and chronic pelvic pain in two cases. All cultures for C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, M. hominis, U. urealyticum, herpes simplex virus, anaerobic and facultative bacteria were negative. Histopathological examination showed few plasma cells in the endometrium in four cases with the presence of uterine fibroids and in one case with adenomyosis. These results suggest that the endometrial cavity of a nonpregnant uterus is sterile.
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PMID:Endometrial microbial flora of hysterectomy specimens. 366 72

Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are 2 very common sexually transmitted organisms, whose clinical manifestations in women can range from an asymptomatic carrier state to active pelvic inflammatory disease with known serious sequelae, including chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. The economic and clinical burden of these 2 infectious organisms are significant in the sexually active population. New developments in diagnosis and treatment of these infections raise great hope that substantial reduction in morbidity and disease prevalence rates can be achieved. Herpes simplex virus is probably better publicized and more feared in the sexually active population, and is far more prevalent than previously recognized; fortunately, however, it is not generally associated with significant morbidity. This article will review the current diagnoses and treatments of these conditions and consider some of the issues surrounding the impact of screening asymptomatic sexually active individuals. The treatment guidelines will emphasize the 1998 Guidelines for Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of common sexually transmitted diseases in women. 1106 Oct 63

Although sexually transmitted diseases are a major public health problem at the international level, the relationship between contraception and pelvic infection is seldom examined. Numerous STDs are more difficult to diagnose, more frequent, and more serious in women than in men. Differential diagnosis between pelvic infection and other intraabdominal syndromes has been a concern for practitioners for years, and many pelvic infections are probably never diagnosed. Lower abdominal pain and sensitivity as well as fever, leucocytosis, accelerated sedimentation rate, inflammatory annexial mass evident on sonography, and microorganisms in the pouch of Douglass and presence of leucocytes in the peritoneal fluid are diagnostic criteria. Apart from errors in treatment resulting from errors in diagnosis, pelvic infections are often inadequately treated, especially in the initial phase before symptoms are confirmed. The exact incidence of pelvic infections in the US is unknown, but pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) accounted for over 200,000 hospitalizations per year between 1970-75. PID carries grave risks of subsequent ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility which is more likely as the number of acute episodes increases. The female genital tract has diverse microenvironments propitious for growth of microorganisms of different types, aerobic and anaerobic. Each anatomic site has specific features conditioning bacterial growth. Histological modifications during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy affect the microbial flora. Except in the case of gonorrhea, it is not known how many female lower genital tract infections spread to the upper tract. Since 1970, several studies have domonstrated a growing diversity of cervical and vaginal flora in asymptomatic subjects. The principal risk factors for PID have been well described in the literature. All contraceptive methods except the IUD provide some degree of protection against PID. Even among IUD users the risk of PID is probably not greater than among women with a comparable risk of exposure to STDs. The protective effect of condoms has been recognized since the era of Casanova, but it is difficult to quantify. Studies describing the protective effects of spermicides used one against pelvic infection are very rare, and protective effects have usually been demonstrated only in vitro. Surfactants such as nonoxynol probably have viricidal properties against herpes simplex. Condoms and diaphragms have been seen to exercise a protective effect independent of spermicide, with relative risks of .6 and .4 compared to nonouse of contraception. There is as yet no consensus on changes in risk of PID during oral contraceptive (OC) use, but several studies have shown OCs to have a protective effect. Risks of PID in IUD users apparently stem from contamination during insertion or of the thread during prolonged use, but both possibilities remain controversial. The use of women not using contraception as controls in studies of relative risks of PId may not be appropriate because their sexual behavior and risks of exposure to STDs may differ. At the moment of ovulation, when the mucus is most receptive, IUDs do not place any barrier in the way of ascension of sperm and bacteria to the upper genital tract.
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PMID:[Contraception and pelvic infection in women]. 1234 Dec 41

Interstitial cystitis (IC)/painful bladder syndrome (PBS) is a painful debilitating chronic visceral pain disorder of unknown etiology that affects an estimated 1 million people in the United States alone. It is characterized by inflammation of the bladder that results in chronic pelvic pain associated with bladder symptoms of urinary frequency and urgency. Regardless of the etiology, IC/PBS involves either increased and/or abnormal activity in afferent nociceptive sensory neurons. Pain-related symptoms in patients with IC/PBS are often very difficult to treat. Both medical and surgical therapies have had limited clinical utility in this debilitating disease and numerous drug treatments, such as heparin, dimethylsulfoxide and amitriptyline, have proven to be palliative at best, and in some IC/PBS patients provide no relief whatsoever. Although opiate narcotics have been employed to help alleviate IC/PBS pain, this strategy is fraught with problems as systemic narcotic administration causes multiple unwanted side effects including mental status change and constipation. Moreover, chronic systemic narcotic use leads to dependency and need for dose escalation due to tolerance; therefore, new therapies are desperately needed to treat refractory IC/PBS. This has led our group to develop a gene therapy strategy that could potentially alleviate chronic pelvic pain using the herpes simplex virus-directed delivery of analgesic proteins to the bladder.
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PMID:Herpes simplex virus vector-mediated gene delivery for the treatment of lower urinary tract pain. 1924 23