Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030794 (pelvic pain)
 4,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathophysiology of endometriosis and its treatment are discussed. Endometriosis is a gynecological disorder characterized by the growth of the ectopic endometrium. The usual plaque looks like a small blood-filled cyst that is surrounded by a puckering scar. This tissue responds to fluctuating levels of hormones just as the normal endometrium does, and monthly bleeding of the cysts occurs followed by inflammation and scarring. Endometriosis may cause infertility, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and other menstrual problems. Therapy is chosen based on extent of disease, tolerance of side effects, and desire for pregnancy. Surgery is usually reserved for more extensive cases of the disease or if fertility is no longer desired. Induction of "pseudopregnancy" with estrogen-progesterone combinations has been used frequently; however, weight gain, initial exacerbation of pain, and the possibility of thromboembolism are limiting factors. Pseudomenopause, induced by danazol therapy, is an alternate method of treatment that causes a static endometrium. It offers rapid relief of symptoms to the majority of patients, and its most common side effects of weight gain and edema are reversible. Fertility rates after treatment are difficult to compare, but they appear to be similar for both hormonal therapies. Danazol has emerged as an effective alternative to the estrogen-progesterone combination treatment of endometriosis. Danazol may be prescribed before surgery to reduce lesions, following surgery to ablate any remaining lesions, or as the sole therapy for endometriosis.
 ...
PMID:Pathophysiology and treatment of endometriosis. 703 70

Placental site nodules or plaques (PSN-Ps) are nodular benign lesions of the intermediate trophoblast (IT) cells in the endometrium, endocervix, superficial myometrium or fallopian tube, occurring after a remote intrauterine pregnancy. We present a study of 25 cases of PSN-Ps These lesions occurred in patients aged 18 to 44 years. Most were discovered incidentally in endometrial curettage specimens. The specimens were received as part of clinical investigations for menorrhagia, per vaginal bleeding or pelvic pain. None of the PSN-Ps was visible grossly. Microscopically, they were mostly multiple, well-circumscribed, oval or plaque-like cellular nodules. The IT cells typically had abundant vacuolated or eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei were irregular, large, hyperchromatic, often degenerate-looking and either mononucleated, multinucleated or multiclefted. Hyalinization surrounding individual or groups of IT cells, or located in the centre of the nodules, was a constant feature in all cases. The lesional cells were strongly immunoreactive to CAM 5.2, 34 beta E12, AE1/AE3, EMA and vimentin. Some cases showed focal positivity to HCG and HPL. PLAP staining was consistently negative. Ultrastructurally, the IT cells showed prominent nuclear variation in size and shape. The abundant, vacuolated cytoplasm contained some rough endoplasmic reticulum and loosely arranged filaments. This study describes the clinicopathological and immunophenotypic features of 25 cases of PSN-Ps including the ultrastructural findings of one case.
 ...
PMID:Placental site nodules and plaques: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 25 cases with ultrastructural findings. 1064 2

Postoperative abdominal/pelvic peritoneal adhesions are a major source of morbidity (bowel obstruction, infertility, ectopic gestation as well as chronic pelvic pain) in women. In this study, we screened various transduction and transcription modifications of adenovirus (Ad) to identify those that support maximal Ad-mediated gene delivery to human adhesion fibroblasts, which in turn would enhance the efficacy of this novel treatment/preventative strategy for postoperative adhesions. We transduced primary cultures of human peritoneal adhesion fibroblasts with fiber-modified Ad vectors Ad5-RGD-luc, Ad5-Sigma-luc, Ad5/3-luc and Ad5-CAV2-luc as well as transcriptional targeting viruses Ad5-survivin-luc, Ad5-heparanase-luc, Ad5-mesothelin (MSLN)-CRAd-luc and Ad5-secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI)-luc, and compared their activity to wild-type Ad5-luc. At 48 h, luciferase activity was measured and normalized to the total protein content in the cells. Among the fiber-modified Ad vectors, Ad5-Sigma-luc and among the transcriptional targeting modified Ad vectors, Ad5-MSLN-CRAd-luc showed significantly increased expression levels of luciferase activity at 5, 10 and 50 plaque forming units/cell in adhesion fibroblast cells compared with wild-type Ad5-luc (p < 0.05). Specific modifications of Ad improve their gene delivery efficiency towards human peritoneal adhesion fibroblasts. Developing a safe localized method to prevent/treat postoperative adhesion formation would have a major impact on women health.
 ...
PMID:Towards gene therapy of postoperative adhesions: fiber and transcriptional modifications enhance adenovirus targeting towards human adhesion cells. 2392 Feb 23

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a atypical gram-negative bacteria preferring gastric mucosa which also have bizarre multisystem effects extended to some malignancies, hematologic and vascular disorders through some not well defined pathophysiologic pathways. Our pioneer data was pointing that the urinary system stone existence was seemed to be high in the group of H. pylori+cases. While the explanation of the reason of the coincidence of renal-gall bladder stones, it was previously suggested that there may be a shift mechanism of intestinal microbial flora, from Oxalobacter formigenes that may reduce the risk of renal stone by consuming intestinal oxalate, to H. pylori which is known to induce gallstone by unknown mechanism. This hypothesis is an indirect one and highly controversial for the effect of H. pylori in the renal stone formation because intestinal absorption of oxalate is not significant when it is compared with the endogen oxalate. The present preliminary unique data in connection with our hypothesis claimed that a possible relation between H. pylori and renal stones. We think that this detrimental effect is due to the possible systemic influence such as vascular and/or endoluminal sickness due to the H. pylori other than directs bacteriologic colonization. There is strong evidence that H. pylori have some role in the atherosclerotic procedure. The vascular theory of Randall plaque formation at renal papilla and subsequent calcium oxalate stone development that suggests microvascular injury of renal papilla in an atherosclerotic-like fashion results in calcification near vessel walls that eventually erodes as a calculus format into the urinary system. Briefly, theories of stone and atherosclerosis seemed to be overlap and H. pylori is one of the factor of both processes. In addition to our hypothesis, we claimed that H. pylori might have same detrimental effect on endoluminal surfaces of urinary and genital systems and resulting in some special pathologies as Hunner's ulcers in interstitial cystitis and even posttesticular infertility. The accumulating knowledge about extragastric sequelae of H. pylori may open new aspects on therapeutic and the prevention strategies of urolithiasis and even this progress may reach to chronic pelvic pain syndromes and idiopathic infertility.
...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori and urinary system stones: endoluminal damage as sub-hypothesis to support the current stone theory. 2579 4

Endometriosis represents a main cause of infertility and pelvic pain affecting 3-43% among reproductive age women. Deep pelvic endometriosis is defined as subperitoneal infiltration of endometrial implants in the uterosacral ligaments, rectum, rectovaginal septum, vagina or bladder. The authors present a case of a 29-year-old patient who underwent laparoscopic excision of extensive endometriotic plaque in rectovaginal septum accompanied with deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and chronic pelvic pain (CPP).
 ...
PMID:Laparoscopic excision of rectosigmoid endometriotic plaque and cul de sac obliteration in deeply infiltrating endometriosis: a case report. 2732 9

Low intensity extracorporal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) may induce tissue regeneration, neo-angiogenesis and improve endothelial function. This has shown promise in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of this narrative review was to describe potential therapeutic areas of Li-ESWT in sexual medicine other than ED. An extensive literature search and review of the most recent guidelines revealed that Li-ESWT has been used in the treatment of Peyronie's disease (PD) and is being investigated as a method of improving stem cell therapy. In PD, Li-ESWT has been shown to decrease pain but no clinically relevant benefits regarding plaque size or penile curvature have been shown in randomized clinical trials. For stem cell optimization, only two preclinical studies have been conducted within the realm of sexual medicine. These show that application of Li-ESWT to the tissue after stem cell transplantation may increase the erectile response following cavernous nerve or diabetes damage. More research is needed to bring this concept from bench to bedside. In addition to this, Li-ESWT has shown promise in pelvic pain and it's effects on testicles have been preliminarily investigated in preclinical studies.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic areas of Li-ESWT in sexual medicine other than erectile dysfunction. 3067 Aug 39