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Query: UMLS:C0030794 (pelvic pain)
 4,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In gynaecology, specialist menopause, urogynae, colposcopy, infertility, pelvic pain and cancer, rapid access clinics exist at many teaching and busy district general hospitals in the UK. Similarly, in obstetrics many busy maternity units have fetal medicine clinics, dedicated twins clinics and maternal medicine clinics, incorporating various general medical conditions and conditions peculiarly appropriate to pregnancy such as haematological disorders, diabetes and epilepsy. In contrast, in very few hospitals is there a dedicated clinic for women at increased risk of preterm birth, yet this is the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in the developed world. Such a situation may be due to the confusion created by the fact that preterm birth is a heterogeneous condition with multiple aetiologies and hence multiple therapeutic interventions. It is possible to identify a group of women at particularly high risk of preterm birth in whom screening and interventional techniques have the potential to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with spontaneous preterm labour and preterm birth.
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PMID:Setting up a preterm prevention clinic: a practical guide. 1720 72

We report the MRI appearances in a patient with parametrial malakoplakia. The patient complained of pelvic pain and vaginal discharge. Physical examination revealed a "frozen" pelvis suggestive of malignancy. MRI showed bilateral parametrial "infiltration", but no overt primary pelvic tumour. The combination of these findings together with the inflammatory symptoms suggested an inflammatory condition. Malakoplakia was confirmed at resective biopsy.
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PMID:MRI appearances of pelvic malakoplakia. 1721

We report a case of umbilical endometriosis externa and systematically review the literature regarding this finding. In our case report, a 47-year-old woman with cyclic umbilical bleeding, pelvic pain, and no previous umbilical surgery developed a spontaneous umbilical endometrioma, cured by surgical resection and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. In our review, 122 patients with documented umbilical endometriomas from 1966 to the present and 109 cases reported before 1953 were analyzed. Procedures used for diagnosis and/or therapeutic intervention included umbilical biopsy or resection, abdominal wall repair, diagnostic and/or operative laparoscopy, adhesiolysis, hysterectomy, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Variables included patient age; race; medical and surgical history; past use of oral contraceptives; history of umbilical pain, bleeding, or swelling; duration of signs and symptoms; size and color of the lesion; diagnostic evaluations; and medical or surgical management. Mean age of the study population was 37.7 +/- 0.98 years. Up to 40% of patients with extrapelvic endometriosis present with umbilical endometriomas, with symptoms occurring an average of 17.8 +/- 3.9 months before presentation. Lesions averaged 2.3 +/- 0.2 cm in diameter; were predominantly brown (19.1%), blue (13.2%), or purple (10.3%); and patients frequently had with pain (77.93%), cyclical bleeding (47.1%), and swelling (88.2%). Most patients had no history of endometriosis (73.1%), and laparoscopic, umbilical trocar-related seeding was identified in only 5 patients. Three patients received medical management, and surgical management was invariably curative, though 1 patient required repeat surgical therapy. Umbilical endometriosis is a common manifestation of external endometriosis, representing primary or secondary endometriosis, with a typical presentation that has little variation. Laparoscopic endometrioid tissue excision can result in iatrogenic seeding to the umbilicus. Historical and physical findings are pathognomonic, thus justifying a formal name--Villar's nodule, after the initial reporting physician. Surgical intervention is recommended, but medical therapy may result in long-term symptom control with minimal malignancy risk.
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PMID:Villar's nodule: a case report and systematic literature review of endometriosis externa of the umbilicus. 1721 25

Bilateral ovarian enlargement may reflect benign or malignant processes of the ovary. Benign causes of ovarian enlargement include luteomas, tumors such as mature cystic teratomas, fibrothecomas, cystadenomas and rare conditions including capillary hemangioma and massive edema of the ovaries. Ovarian malignancies include epithelial, stromal and germ-cell tumors. Primary malignancies that may exhibit metastases to the ovaries include gastrointestinal, breast and soft tissue tumors such as lymphoma. We present an unusual case in which a patient presenting with weakness and mild lower abdominal and pelvic pain was noted at sonography to have bilaterally enlarged ovaries with features similar to those of massive ovarian edema as described previously, which has been associated with venous and lymphatic obstruction. Subsequent computerized tomography (CT) imaging depicted a large retroperitoneal tumor, CT-guided biopsy of which revealed diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The patient responded well to chemotherapy with significant shrinkage of the tumor, and reappearance of normal findings on ovarian sonography. This case demonstrates that bilaterally enlarged ovaries may be the first clinical evidence of a large retroperitoneal tumor and that in such cases CT imaging may be warranted.
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PMID:Transient bilateral ovarian enlargement associated with large retroperitoneal lymphoma. 1725 29

Primary peritoneal borderline tumour is a rare lesion, histologically indistinguishable from non-invasive peritoneal implants found in association with ovarian tumours of borderline malignancy. We report a case of a primary peritoneal borderline tumour diagnosed in a 30-year-old patient with pelvic pain, infertility and elevated serum CA-125.
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PMID:Primary peritoneal borderline tumour: report of an unusual case. 1737 9

The prostate is the target of many inflammatory and neoplastic disorders that affect men of all ages. Pathological conditions of the prostate gland range from infection of this organ by ascending bacteria from infected urine, to chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) of a still unknown etiology (accompanied with inflammation and lymphocyte infiltration of the gland), to benign hyperplasia and cancer. Patients under 50 years of age usually suffer from CP/CPPS, a chronic inflammatory syndrome characterized by pelvic pain, irritative voiding symptoms, and sexual dysfunction complaints. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding immunological alterations present in CP/ CPPS patients. Remarkably, an inflammation state, in the absence of an invading infectious agent, is established in these patients, suggesting that an autoimmune process could be involved. In fact, specific autoimmune response to prostate antigens has recently been reported in CP/CPPS patients. Autoimmune response to prostate gland affects the seminal quality reported in these patients and may have critical consequences in their fertility. It is anticipated that preclinical studies in experimental models for CP/CPSS will provide important insights into the etiopathogenic mechanisms involved in this disease. We discuss here the similarities and the differences between human disease and experimental models and argue for the importance of the prostate gland in male reproductive function. Ultimately, we suggest that a state of inflammation, originally incited by an autoimmune response within the prostate, together with a diminished prostate functionality, may compromise male fertility.
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PMID:Autoimmune etiology in chronic prostatitis syndrome: an advance in the understanding of this pathology. 1743 95

With reference to 70 patients, the authors studied the pathology of the stump of the cervix left after subtotal hysterectomy. The wide range of disorders presented by women after partial hysterectomy included metrorrhagia (44.2 percent of cases), pelvic pain, leucorrhoea, cervical pain, and functional disorders related to prolapse. Lesions found on the stump of the cervix included: cancer in 15.7 percent of cases, of which the clinical symptoms were not specific to the stump of the cervix: however, the methods of treating such cancers, of the usual methods are used, raise complex problems; prolapse was found after subtotal hysterectomy in 27.1 percent of cases and the symptomatology was not unusual. Here also, the absence of the uterus increases the difficulties of surgery. Thus subtotal hysterectomy appears to present more dangers than advantages and, except in particular cases, the authors prefer total hysterectomy.
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PMID:[The pathology of the stump of the uterine cervix]. 1743 5

Nonsmall cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (NSCNEC) of the ovary is a rare and aggressive tumor commonly associated with other surface epithelial and germ cell neoplasms. In this study, we present the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 11 such cases seen at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in a 16-year period (1990 to 2005). Patients ranged in age from 22 to 63 years (mean 46.7). The most common presentation was abdominal/pelvic pain (6 cases), followed by ascites (2 cases), pelvic mass, vaginal bleeding, and abdominal bloating (1 case each). Tumors were mostly unilateral, cystic, or solid/cystic and ranged in size from 5 to 26 cm (mean 16.2). In 8 cases, NSCNEC was associated with other epithelial neoplasms, including mucinous neoplasms of low malignant potential, mucinous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, mixed endometrioid and mucinous carcinoma, and a high-grade carcinoma, not otherwise specified. In 2 cases, the tumor was associated with a mature cystic teratoma; one of them also containing an invasive moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. A single case was associated with a benign ovarian cyst. The latter case had a dermoid cyst in the contralateral ovary. NSCNEC represented anywhere from 10% to 90% of the ovarian tumor. Microscopically, the neuroendocrine component was usually composed of large and/or intermediate oval to round cells. In 2 cases, the intermediate cells were intermixed with small cells. Three cases had also spindle cells. The neoplastic cells were mostly arranged in a solid pattern, nests, or trabeculae. All tumors had a brisk mitotic activity. Immunoperoxidase studies for keratin cocktail, cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK20, CAM 5.2, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, NSE, CD56, and c-kit were performed and the cases stained as follows: keratin cocktail 6/6, CK7 4/5, CK20 3/5, CAM 5.2 3/3, chromogranin A 8/11, synaptophysin 9/9, NSE 1/1, CD56 4/8, and c-kit 5/7. According to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system, 4 cases were stage I tumors, 3 cases were stage III tumors, and 4 cases were stage IV tumors. Seven patients were treated with total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy followed by chemotherapy. One patient had a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with omentectomy and appendectomy followed by chemotherapy; 1 patient had a total abdominal hysterectomy with right salpingo-oophorectomy followed by chemotherapy; one had a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy followed by chemotherapy, and one had a right salpingo-oophorectomy with appendectomy followed by chemotherapy. Five patients died of disease at 2, 3, 9, 20, and 36 months. One patient is alive with disease at 8 months and 5 are alive without evidence of disease at 11, 28, 37, 66, and 68 months. Four of 5 patients who died of disease had either stage III or IV tumors and 3 of 5 patients who are alive without evidence of disease have stage I tumors. In summary, ovarian NSCNEC is an aggressive tumor with a tendency to present at advanced stage and cause death within a mean of 17 months after diagnosis; however, some patients, particularly those with stage I disease and/or those who have received platinum-based therapy, may have a more favorable prognosis.
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PMID:Ovarian nonsmall cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 11 cases. 1746 Apr 63

Uterine myoma is a common benign tumour in women and most cases do not require treatment. Excessive uterine bleeding is usually due to a submucous myoma or an intramural myoma that is encroaching into the uterine cavity. After eliminating endometrial malignancy, perimenopausal women could be managed expectantly or with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist until menopause. Hysteroscopic myomectomy is highly effective in controlling menorrhagia that is related to submucous myoma. Concomitant endometrial ablation improves menorrhagia; however, the subsequent hysterectomy rate remains the same. For those with an intramural myoma, abdominal myomectomy results in good bleeding control. It could also be done by laparoscopic approach; however, the surgeon should have expertise in laparoscopic suturing and the uterine incision should be properly sutured. In women who have completed their family, hysterectomy remains the most effective treatment for excessive uterine bleeding. Compared with uterine artery embolization (UAE), it is associated with better improvement in pelvic pain. Nevertheless, UAE is a good alternative to hysterectomy.
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PMID:Treatment of uterine fibroids for abnormal uterine bleeding: myomectomy and uterine artery embolization. 1747 23

The prostate is one of the main male sex accessory glands and the target of many pathological conditions affecting men of all ages. Pathological conditions of the prostate gland range from infections, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) of a still unknown aetiology to benign hyperplasia and cancer. CP/CPPS is one of the most prevalent diseases in the urologic clinic and affects men younger than 50 years old. A significant advance in the understanding of CP/CPPS was made when an autoimmune response against prostate antigens was revealed in a considerable number of patients. During the last 30 years, extensive work has been done regarding the development and characterization of different rodent models of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP). It has been demonstrated that tolerance to prostate antigens can be disrupted in some strains of rats and mice and cellular and humoral responses to prostate antigens are elicited. A Th1 pattern has been described and the cellular response seems to be the major pathogenic mechanism involved. Immune cells infiltrate the gland and induce prostate lesions. The genetic background and hormonal imbalance are factors that could contribute to the onset of the disease in susceptible young males. Moreover, spontaneous autoimmune prostatitis could also occur with advanced age in susceptible strains. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding rodent models of EAP and the immunological alterations present in CP/CPPS patients. We also discuss the reliability of these experimental approaches as genuine tools for the study of human disease.
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PMID:Autoimmune prostatitis: state of the art. 1763 99


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