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Query: UMLS:C0030794 (pelvic pain)
 4,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Researchers enrolled 600 prostitutes from an AIDS control and prevention program in a study to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in prostitutes and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The prostitutes worked in the port city of Santos, Brazil where many people use intravenous (IV) drugs. Only 45 prostitutes met the study criterion of 5-100 sexual partners/day. Health practitioners took sera from each woman to test for HIV-1, HIV-2, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (HBsAb), Treponema species (syphilis), and C. trachomatis. All the women tested positive for C. trachomatis. This high percentage may have been due to previous contact with the microbe and not necessarily due to an active infection. 42% had been exposed to Treponema. 20% were HBsAb seropositive and 9% HBsAg seropositive. 9% tested positive for HIV-1 and 2% for HIV-2. In another study in Campinas, Brazil, HIV-1 and seropositivity was 21.5% for prostitutes and transvestites. In addition, in a study in metropolitan Sao Paulo, HIV infection prevalence varied from 18-73% among 935 women and 22% among prostitutes. 58% of the prostitutes in Santos had had sexual intercourse with bisexuals or IV drug users. 44% had previously experienced an STD. 42% used IV drugs. 42% practiced both oral and vaginal sex. 36% practiced oral, vaginal, and anal sex. Only 22% limited themselves to oral sex. Since C. trachomatis can cause infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and spontaneous abortion and since every prostitute in the study had been exposed to it, health workers should institute regular STD screening for prostitutes.
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PMID:Seropositivity to Chlamydia trachomatis in prostitutes: relationship to other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). 210 Oct 95

A successful short-term solution to transmission of AIDS in Western Africa by migrants involves provision of accessible and acceptable basic health and social services to migrants at their destination. The aim is to establish a sense of security and community, which is a health requirement. When migrants are excluded from community life or victimized as carriers of HIV infections, they will be driven by basic survival needs and dysfunctional social organization, which results in the rapid spread of HIV. Closing borders and mass deportation may not be an option. The long-term solution is population policy, environmental protection, and economic development. The focus on mapping the spread of AIDS must shift to a consideration of the migrant social conditions that make them vulnerable to AIDS. The issue of migration and AIDS will be addressed at the First European Conference on Tropical Medicine in October 1995 in Hamburg, Germany. In Uganda, HIV seroprevalence rates ranged from 5.5% among the stable population to 12.4% among internal migrants moving between villages to 16.3% among migrants from other areas. A World Bank project is operating in Western Africa, which traces seasonal male migration from the Cameroon to Liberia, Senegal to Nigeria, and from the Sahel to the coast during dry seasons. National border rules may influence the routes but not the extent of migration. A major destination place is Cote d' Ivoire, which has 25% of total population comprised of migrants from other countries and one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in Western Africa. On plantations prostitutes are brought in. Each prostitute serves about 25 workers. The pattern of sexual mixing contributes to the high HIV rates. Female migration is smaller and usually concentrated in prostitution at place of destination. Illiteracy and poverty drive women migrants into the trade. Their frequent health problems are malaria, pelvic pain, menstrual irregularity, vaginal discharge, and genital sores. Drugs are bought on the streets or from friends and may be of questionable efficacy. Health services may be sought upon return to the home country.
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PMID:Migration and AIDS. 747 52

Induced abortion is one of the most frequent surgical procedures in the UK. Even though it is considered safe, it sometimes has complications and long-term sequelae. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the most prevalent complication and can lead to chronic pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, infertility, and a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydia trachomatis is perhaps the leading etiologic agent for PID among women who have undergone induced abortion and who develop PID. Gonorrhea is another major etiologic agent for PID. Strategies used to try to reduce pelvic infection revolve around administration of antibiotic prophylaxis based on demographic features and on the presence of certain organisms in the genital tract that may increase their risk (e.g., C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and universal antibiotic prophylaxis for all women undergoing abortion. Most of the literature suggests that antibiotic prophylaxis does provide some protection against PID but does not clearly indicate who should be screened and for which pathogens and who should be treated and with which antibiotics. Demographic features useful for identifying who should receive antibiotic prophylaxis are: a history of PID, single status, nulliparity, and youth (especially reliable for chlamydial infection). Screening for bacterial vaginosis involves diagnosis based on 3 of 4 criteria: characteristic vaginal discharge, positive amine test, raised vaginal pH, and the presence of clue cells on microscopy of wet or stained preparations of vaginal discharge. Since C. trachomatis is the most important pathogen, drugs sensitive to it should be administered: tetracyclines and erythromycin. Screening women seeking abortion for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) provides an opportunity to educate them about STDs and treatment compliance and to contact their partners for investigation, treatment, and contact-tracing to reduce the STD-infected pool in the community.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Preventing pelvic infection after abortion. 854 9

The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and the frequency of genitourinary symptoms and signs were assessed in 1233 female prostitutes aged 18-45 years, of mean age 26, in Yaounde and Douala. Researchers recorded the physical signs and symptoms experienced by the study subjects within 14 days prior to the physical examination provided as part of the study. The women were tested for gonorrhea, chlamydia infection, and trichomoniasis, with doctors' clinical impressions compared to laboratory test findings. 20% had cervicitis; gonorrhea (11%), chlamydia (12%), or both (3%). 20% had a positive wet mount test for trichomoniasis; 10 subjects were diagnosed with gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis; 65.1% reported abnormal vaginal discharge; and 44.7% reported pelvic pain. Clinical diagnosis for cervicitis and trichomoniasis in this study had sensitivities of less than 50% and specificities of greater than 65%. STDs are therefore common among prostitutes in Cameroon and clinical diagnosis was not an accurate predictor of infection at the individual level.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Jul
PMID:Prevalence and prediction of sexually transmitted diseases among sex workers in Cameroon. 969 96

The objective of the study was to determine the clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria used to diagnose presumptive pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) at the Sydney Sexual Health Centre (SSHC). The study was a retrospective, case-note review of all women diagnosed with presumptive PID between April 1991 and December 1997. Seven hundred and thirteen women were included. The commonest recorded symptoms were vaginal discharge (68%), lower abdominal pain (65%) and dyspareunia (57%), while adnexal tenderness (83%), cervical motion tenderness (75%) and cervicitis (56%) were the most frequently recorded examination findings. Sixty-two per cent were prescribed doxycycline and metronidazole. The recording of signs and symptoms in women with presumptive PID was poor and only 22% met the current Centers for Disease Control (CDC) diagnostic criteria. It is likely that PID is over diagnosed in this group of women. This may lead to under diagnosis of other conditions causing pelvic pain and may be detrimental to reproductive health.
Int J STD AIDS 2000 Aug
PMID:Diagnosing PID--getting the balance right. 1099 Mar 40

Twenty-two Genitourinary Medicine (GUM) clinics in North Thames participated in a survey of policies and case notes audit of chronic prostatitis managed within the past 2 years, compared with the UK National Guideline. For 32/33 cases notes reviewed (97%) chronic abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CAP/CPPS) were diagnosed. Of these, 14/32 cases (44%) were following non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), 1/32 cases (3%) followed Chlamydia trachomatis infection and for 17/32 cases (53%) no predisposing cause was identified. The single case of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) was caused by prostatic infection with Staphylococcus spp. All cases were prescribed antibiotics, initial follow-up appointments coinciding with completion of antibiotics. Fourteen cases (42%) were discharged following GUM clinic management; only 7 of these cases (50%) were asymptomatic, the others having residual problems. Nine cases (27%) were referred to a specialist. Ten cases (30%) defaulted follow-up appointments; 7 of these did not attend their first follow-up appointments.
Int J STD AIDS 2001 Apr
PMID:Management of chronic prostatitis in Genitourinary Medicine clinics in the United Kingdom's North Thames Region 2000. 1131 77

Over one million women experience an episode of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) each year. It is the most common serious complication of STDs; long-term sequelae include ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and tubal infertility. One in five cases of PID occurs among younger women < 19 years of age. Although only about half of female adolescents are sexually active, they have the highest age-specific rates of PID among sexually experienced women. The risk of developing PID for a 15-year-old sexually active girl is estimated to be 10 times that of a 24-year-old woman. The higher relative risk of PID for younger women has been attributed to their greater biologic vulnerability and their behavioral and cognitive risk factors. In addition, HIV-infected women with PID may be at increased risk for more severe pelvic disease, a growing concern as rates of HIV infection among adolescent girls continue to rise. This article reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical assessment, and management of PID in adolescent females, including age-specific information when available.
AIDS Patient Care STDS 1998 Feb
PMID:Pelvic inflammatory disease in adolescents. 1136 5

We describe the response of symptoms of chronic abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CAP/PPS) in a man treated with rectal prednisolone for concomitant ulcerative colitis. The temporal relationship of the symptoms of CAP/PPS to starting and stopping the topical corticosteroid over 2 treatment cycles lends further anecdotal support to our hypothesis that treatment of the immune-mediated response in this chronic condition has a beneficial effect upon symptomatic outcome.
Int J STD AIDS 2001 Nov
PMID:Variability of the symptoms of chronic abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome during intermittent therapy with rectal prednisolone foam for ulcerative colitis. 1158 17

We sought to determine current practice in the diagnosis and management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) in genitourinary medicine departments in the UK, using a detailed questionnaire survey. Evaluable responses were received from 147 (69%) clinics. Seventy-nine (54%) clinics reported seeing >10 new CPPS patients per year. A broad range of investigations was reported to be used in the diagnosis of CPPS. Whilst 89 (61%) clinics reported using the four-glass test in diagnosis, 46 (32%) reported using the test in >90% of patients with CPPS, and 42 (29%) reported never using the test. In the treatment, doxycycline or ciprofloxacin were reported to be first line treatment by 98% clinics, mostly in 4-6 week courses; however, great variation was recorded in second-line choices and use of non-antibiotic approaches. This survey demonstrates that patients with CPPS are regularly diagnosed and managed in genitourinary clinics in the UK, with wide variations in diagnostic and treatment practices.
Int J STD AIDS 2002 Jun
PMID:Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: national survey of genitourinary medicine clinics. 1201 17

A study has been made of 711 patients with proved gynaecological tuberculosis investigated between 1 January 1951 and 31 December 1994. The main presenting symptoms in order of frequency were infertility, pelvic pain, excessive menstrual loss and amenorrhoea. The average age at first attendance was 31 years, only 16% of married women had been pregnant and palpable adnexal masses were found in 47%. Eight drug programmes were used, the best results being obtained with streptomycin, para-aminosalicyclic (PAS) acid and isoniazid or with rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid. Toxic drug reactions occurred in 114 patients, the drugs responsible in the majority being streptomycin and PAS. Where drug treatment failed, surgery under further drug cover was employed in 85 patients, with no deaths and no fistulae. After treatment, there were 95 pregnancies in 57 patients. In recent years there has been a rise in the incidence of tuberculosis in general in the Western world. Many factors play a part in this, by far the most important being the spread of AIDS.
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PMID:Gynaecological tuberculosis since 1951. 1551 96


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