Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The following general conclusions were reached at the workshop: 1. Laboratory studies suggest a potential benefit of cellular transplant therapy for SCI. 2. Some evidence supporting the safety of human fetal transplants is available from clinical studies of transplants in Parkinson's disease and SCI. 3. Assessment criteria and methodology are available, including imaging approaches, validated neurologic scoring systems, detailed electrophysiologic studies of conduction and spinal cord reflexes, and functional scoring approaches. 4. More controlled animal studies are needed (a) to demonstrate efficacy and to evaluate the necessity for immunosuppressive therapy and the overall safety of intraspinal transplantation, (b) to obtain more supporting evidence (e.g., electrophysiologic, histopathologic, MRI, molecular) that would provide insights into ways that transplanted tissue could mediate function, (c) to provide guidance for the procurement, harvesting, preparation, storage, and other logistics related to the use of human cells for transplantation into the spinal cord, (d) to define more thoroughly the cell type(s) that would be most likely to have benefit and the conditions that affect their viability, migration, gene expressions, and proliferation after transplantation, (e) to determine the most optimal time after injury for transplantation, and (f) to clarify patient selection characteristics that might optimize success (i.e., complete vs incomplete injuries, spinal level involved, age of recipient).
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PMID:Workshop on intraspinal transplantation and clinical application. 783 78

Constipation is well known to be a frequent symptom in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. In this study, colonic transit time was measured in 16 patients with nonidiopathic Parkinson's syndrome (non-IPS). These patients all had lacunar infarcts in the caudate, putamen, or globus pallidus, as a cause of the disease, as demonstrated by MRI. In comparison with the control group there was only a slightly longer transit time with, on the whole, a normal transit time (about 59 h). In only five cases was the transit time significantly decreased. Our results suggest that colonic transit is only prolonged in patients with idiopathic PD, whereas it is normal in non-IPS. This seems to be cause by a multi-degenerative process in the idiopathic disease.
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PMID:Colonic transit time in nonidiopathic Parkinson's syndrome. 785 54

High field intensity MRI may demonstrate signal abnormalities consistent with deposits of iron or other paramagnetic substances in several extrapyramidal disorders. Hallervorden-Spatz disease was the only disorder widely known to have iron deposits in the pallidum, that are now easily demonstrated in vivo by MRI. However, lower field intensity MRI may also demonstrate characteristic findings. In progressive supranuclear palsy, definite atrophy of the midbrain and of the region around the third ventricle is seen in slightly more than half of the cases. Minimal signal abnormalities are sometimes seen in the periaqueductal region, but MRI studies remain of little help in establishing the diagnosis of the disease. Asymmetric atrophy in the parietal regions is seen in corticobasal degeneration, as expected from pathological studies. Minimal alterations may be seen in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. The most interesting MRI findings are observed in multiple system atrophies. Variable abnormal signal intensities, depending on the field intensity, are visible in the putamen in striatonigral degeneration and in Shy-Drager syndrome; in this latter condition the abnormalities are due to its striatonigral degeneration component. Atrophy of the pons, middle cerebellar peduncles, and cerebellum, and signal abnormalities in a characteristic distribution are visible in olivopontocerebellar atrophy. A combination of these posterior fossa abnormalities and putaminal alterations may confirm the involvement of the cerebellar and extrapyramidal systems in multiple system atrophies.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging in progressive supranuclear palsy and other parkinsonian disorders. 796

In this paper a new method is presented for the relative assessment of brain iron concentrations based on the evaluation of T2 and T2*-weighted images. A multiecho sequence is employed for rapid measurement of T2 and T2*, enabling calculation of the line broadening effect (T2'). Several groups have failed to show a correlation between T2 and brain iron content. However, quantification of T2', and the associated relaxation rate R2', may provide a more specific relative measure of brain iron concentration. This may find application in the study of brain diseases, which cause associated changes in brain iron levels. A new method of field inhomogeneity correction is presented that allows the separation of global and local field inhomogeneities, leading to more accurate T2* measurements and hence, T2' values. The combination of T2*, and T2-weighted MRI methods enables the differentiation of Parkinson's disease patients from normal age-matched controls based on differences in iron content within the substantia nigra.
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PMID:Assessment of relative brain iron concentrations using T2-weighted and T2*-weighted MRI at 3 Tesla. 798 66

A number of neurodegenerative diseases can manifest as parkinsonian disorders. Structural imaging, such as CT and MRI, is of limited value for differentiating these diseases. PET can demonstrate the selective patterns of disruption of regional cerebral metabolism and neurotransmitter systems associated with subcortical degenerations, such as Parkinson's disease, striatonigral degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. It can also determine, where underlying Parkinson's disease may be suspected, whether nigral dysfunction is present in patients with isolated tremor or drug-associated rigidity. Finally, PET can detect the presence of subclinical disruption of the dopaminergic system in at-risk subjects, such as relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease, or subjects exposed to nigral toxins, such as MPTP. With the advent of putative neuroprotective agents for Parkinson's disease, PET can help identify patients with early disease who might benefit from therapy with these agents and monitor their disease progression.
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PMID:PET studies on the early and differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. 826 13

Surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease began by blocking of the pyramidal system in early part of this era. In 1942, Meyers performed Ansotomy for the treatment of Parkinsonism without leaving hemiplegia, leading subsequent operating target to blocking of pallidofugal fiber. Then, the development of stereotaxy in 1947 caused an operative progress to Pallidotomy and further to Thalamotomy. Although the spread of levodopa therapy gradually brought about decline of surgical treatment, Thalamotomy became to be reexamined in view of not a little problems about and side effects of levodopa therapy. With the development of CT, MRI and the like, Thalamotomy via MRI-stereotaxy was developed, making operations safer and surer. Besides, transplantation of dopamine neurons into the striatum was tried as an essential treatment and is in clinical application via animal experiments. Fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue and adrenal medullary tissue are available therefore, but demerits are such that the former poses some ethical problem and the latter is poor and short-lived response. The transplantation of stellate ganglion into the striatum, which we have recently developed is safe and more effective than the adrenal medullary tissue. The respective one thirds of the cases did without levodopa following transplantation, needed half as much as the preoperative levodopa dose and needed the same as the latter. Although Horner's syndrome was noted in all cases following transplantation, no Parkinson syndrome became aggravated in any one of the cases.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease]. 827 75

We did a clinico-MRI study concerning extrapyramidal symptoms and T2-weighted MRI findings of the putamen in twenty patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) as well as twenty-five with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Nine out of twenty MSA patients showed extrapyramidal symptoms. And we could not observe cerebellar ataxia in two of these patients because of severe rigidity and akinesia. Eight out of nine MSA patients with extrapyramidal symptoms showed linear hyperintensity in the outer margin of the putamen. This abnormal intensity was bilateral and symmetric in most patients. However, in MSA patients without extrapyramidal symptoms, only one patient showed the linear hyperintensity. We could not find such abnormal intensity in any patients with Parkinson's disease. On proton density MRI, the signal intensity in the lesion was higher than that in the gray matter, which leads the speculation that the hyperintensity is gliosis of the putamen or increased extracellular fluid space caused by severe shrinkage of the putamen. This characteristic MRI finding is useful to distinguish MSA with extrapyramidal symptoms from Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:[A clinico-MRI study of extrapyramidal symptoms in multiple system atrophy--linear hyperintensity in the outer margin of the putamen]. 836 45

Postmortem studies of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) reveal an increase in iron concentration in the substantia nigra. Iron content in the brain is associated with decreased signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI. We measured in vivo the T2 relaxation time in 30 PD patients and 33 healthy volunteer subjects, using a 1.5-T whole-body MRI system. In comparison with healthy controls, T2 values in PD patients were reduced in the following brain regions: substantia nigra, caudate nucleus, and putamen. Due to the overlap between patients and control subjects, we could not differentiate, in a given patient, healthy from diseased state on the basis of T2 relaxation time. Our findings support the notion of increased iron deposition in the substantia nigra of patients with PD. However, the shortening of T2 values in the substantia nigra did not correlate with disease duration nor with clinical severity.
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PMID:T2 relaxation time in patients with Parkinson's disease. 846 25

We have developed a new operational method for stereotactic functional neurosurgery using MRI stereotaxy combined with microelectrode recording. MRI stereotaxy shows us the individual variations of thalamic configurations. The tentative target points were determined using the MRI stereotaxy assisted software system which revised the distortion of MRI images. Consequently, the accuracy and safety of the microelectrode recording were increased. This, in turn, increased the accuracy of stereotactic thalamotomy while producing encouraging operational outcomes. The effectiveness of stereotactic thalamotomy for Parkinson's disease was confirmed by these excellent operative results. The symptoms improved and the dosage of medications, including L-DOPA, decreased. Furthermore, our results indicate that the distributing area of deep sensory neurons in the thalamus extended more posteriorly and upward than previously expected. Therefore, the functional and anatomical similarity between the human and monkey thalamus was reaffirmed. In this report, based on the above data, we reevaluated the neural mechanism of tremor and the role of stereotactic functional neurosurgery for Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:[A new operational method of functional neurosurgery combining micro-recording and MRI stereotaxy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease]. 847 65

A case of Hallervorden-Spatz's disease is described in a thirteen-year-old patient, with typical case symptoms of pyramidalism, dystonia and regressive motor control, over the last four years. MRI provided a bilateral palidal image in 'tiger eye'. The possible appearance of early forms have been stressed, characterised by a learning delay and a regressive syndrome starting between 5-10 years of age, along with later forms which manifest themselves mainly as Parkinson's disease. The MRI findings are of considerable value when diagnosing 'in vivo'; the pathogeny is not clear, despite current theories.
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PMID:[Hallervorden-Spatz disease: presentation of a new case]. 854 43


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