Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 12-year-old boy developed occasional attacks of oculogyric crisis after physical exercises or when tired. Following the initial symptom, progressive Parkinsonian features such as bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, hand tremors in posture, mild dysarthria and disorder of postural reflexes developed. There was no marked diurnal fluctuation o symptoms. Serum ceruloplasmin, copper levels, cranial X-ray CT scan and MRI were normal. Measurement of the plasma levels of L-dopa after single oral administration (300 mg) were normal. The treatment with L-dopa improved the Parkinsonian features excluding the attacks of oculogyric crisis in a few weeks. This case is not identical with juvenile Parkinsonism proposed by Yokochi et al for lack of both crural or truncal dystonia and remarkable response to L-dopa. Oculogyric crisis is known in several patients with severe generalized dystonia, and seldom in patients with Parkinson disease or juvenile Parkinsonism. Oculogyric crisis may be one of focal dystonias confined to extraocular muscles.
 ...
PMID:[Oculogyric crisis as an initial symptom of juvenile parkinsonism-like disease]. 260 35

T2-weighted MRI shows attenuated signals from the basal ganglia, such signal attenuation being more evident at high magnetic field strengths of 1.5 tesla (T). The basal ganglia contain high levels of iron, and it has been suggested that these iron deposits lead to shortening of bulk water T2 protons via a mechanism involving diffusion of water through local magnetic field gradients generated by the iron. This mechanism generates a relaxation contribution that is proportional to the square of the applied static field B0, and if it is significant the relaxation rate 1/T2 should be strongly dependent on Bo. T2-weighted MRI would then provide a potential means of imaging regional cerebral iron levels at field strengths that are high enough for this mechanism to be important. The bulk water proton spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of samples from caudate nucleus, frontal cortex, and white matter, taken from fresh cerebral necropsy material of four subjects dying of non-neurological conditions, and one subject with Parkinson's disease have been measured. T2 values were compared with regional cerebral iron content. At high field strengths (2.35 T and 8.5 T) no significant variation in regional cerebral water proton T2 values was found; caudate, cortex and white matter had similar water proton spin-spin relaxation times in spite of the variation in their iron content. Increasing the field strength from 2.35 T to 8.5 T resulted in a generalised 50% decrease in mean regional cerebral T2 values, as opposed to the 13-fold decrease expected if T2 relaxation was dominated by a mechanism that is dependent on B02. It was thus not possible to provide evidence that iron deposition per se is responsible for the attenuated signal obtained from the basal ganglia in T2-weighted MRI.
 ...
PMID:Does signal-attenuation on high-field T2-weighted MRI of the brain reflect regional cerebral iron deposition? Observations on the relationship between regional cerebral water proton T2 values and iron levels. 270 18

In cases of Parkinson's disease, a high incidence of dementia and simultaneous pathologic changes of Alzheimer's type have been reported. X-ray CT and MRI have such good spatial resolution that they can be expected to be useful for evaluation of brain atrophy. Positron emission tomography (PET) used with 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose is considered to reflect regional function. By these techniques, brain atrophy and local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (LCMR-glc) in patients with Parkinsonism with dementia was studied, and also compared with age-matched normal controls and senile dementia of Alzheimer type. In seven cases of Parkinson's disease with dementia, LCMRs-glc were statistically decreased in all regions in comparison with ten normal controls. LCMRs-glc in six Parkinson's disease without dementia were higher than those of demented Parkinson's disease, but significantly lower than normal controls in all regions except basal ganglia. Some aged normal controls presented cortical atrophy and a significant difference could not be seen in evaluation by MRI among these three groups. There was also no correlation between LCMR-glc and cortical atrophy. There was no significant difference of LCMR-glc between six Guamnian cases of Parkinsonism-Dementia complex (PD complex) without ALS and four cases of PD complex with ALS, and these values were significantly lower than five Guamanian and ten Caucasian normal controls. In PD complex with and without ALS, remarkable cortical atrophy and ventricular dilatation were recorded in comparison with normal controls, and correlation between decrement of LCMR-glc and cortical atrophy was indicated in frontal, parietal and temporal lobe. In Parkinson's disease with dementia and PD complex in Guam, LCMRs-glc in all regions of brain were generally lower than normal controls. These findings were different from Alzheimer's disease in which LCMR-glc have been reported to be low especially in cerebral cortex. On the other hand, cortical atrophy and ventricular dilatation evaluated by MRI and CT was apparent in PD complex, but these changes were not remarkable in Parkinson's disease. Cortical atrophy did not always correlate with the decrease of LCMR-glc and changes of LCMR-glc could reflect clinical signs such as Parkinsonism and dementia. Both PET as a functional imaging method and MRI, CT as an anatomical imaging method are useful to access the study of these diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Comparison study of positron emission tomography, X-ray CT and MRI in parkinsonism with dementia]. 279 56

In 58 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 19 (32.8%) had CT, MRI, or autopsy evidence of a multi-infarct (MI) state. The clinical findings in the infarct syndrome were similar to idiopathic PSP. Five MI-PSP patients had had a stroke, four had focal dystonia, two had hemiparesis, and one had an intention tremor of recent onset. In contrast, only 5.9% (12.9% of those with CT or MRI) of 426 Parkinson's disease patients had evidence of strokes. One case of PSP studied pathologically was attributed to cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
 ...
PMID:Progressive supranuclear palsy and a multi-infarct state. 356 71

Stereotactic adrenal medullary transplantation into the striatum was performed in 5 patients with severe Parkinson's disease. Four patients had previously been treated with thalamotomies and all were on L-dopa therapy with significant side effects. All 5 patients had shown marked disability before the procedure. Autologous adrenal medullary tissue was sliced into 20-30 fragments and transplanted into two sites of the caudate nucleus, one at the ventricular surface and the other in the head of the nucleus. The cases were followed for 4-5 years (mean 4.5 years), except for 1 patient who died of unrelated causes 22 months after the procedure. Initial bilateral symptom improvement was observed in all cases for 9-21 months (mean 15.2 months) after transplantation without L-dopa therapy. Later, these improvements progressively deteriorated. L-dopa therapy had to be resumed for all. MRI on the long-term follow-up showed the transplanted tissue as a low signal intensity area surrounded by high intensity spots in T1- and T2-weighted images. Compared to previous MR studies, the transplanted tissue was shrunken and presumed nonviable.
 ...
PMID:Long-term follow-up results of stereotactic adrenal medullary transplantation in Parkinson's disease. 763 Oct 57

In order to investigate the diagnostic value of 3H-spiperone binding capacity to lymphocytes in the differential diagnosis of de novo Parkinson's disease (idiopathic Parkinson syndrome, PD), we performed a double blind prospective study of spiperone binding capacity of 123 patients and 23 healthy control persons, belonging to different diagnostic groups (PD, Parkinsonian syndrome due to vascular lesions, multiple system atrophy [MSA], essential tremor). Diagnoses were based on medical history, clinical examination, CT or MRI scan, acute response to dopamimetic drugs, one year follow up, and long term response to L-DOPA treatment. Spiperone binding was assayed using ten different concentrations (0.03-3 nmol) in absence or presence of 1 mumol (+)-butaclamol to determine nonspecific binding. There was no significant difference in spiperone binding between patients with PD not treated with L-DOPA, and patients with other basal ganglia disorders including parkinsonian syndrome due to vascular lesions, multiple system atrophy, or progressive supranuclear palsy, and age matched controls. Binding was significantly higher in parkinsonian patients with PD treated with L-DOPA and patients with essential tremor. It is concluded that at present 3H-spiperone binding gives no further information in the differential diagnosis of de novo Parkinson's disease.
 ...
PMID:3H-spiperone binding to lymphocytes fails in the differential diagnosis of de novo Parkinson syndromes. 768 43

Eighteen patients with medically intractable Parkinson's disease that was characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, and marked "on-off" fluctuations underwent stereotactic ventral pallidotomy under local anesthesia. Targeting was aided by anatomic coordinates derived from the MRI, intraoperative cell recordings, and electrical stimulation prior to lesioning. A nonsurgically treated group of seven similarly affected individuals was also followed. Assessment of motor function was made at baseline and at 3-month intervals for 1 year. Following the lesioning, patients improved in bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and balance with resolution of medication-induced contralateral dyskinesia. When compared with preoperative baseline, all quantifiable test scores after surgery improved significantly with the patients off medications for 12 hours: UPDRS by 65%, and CAPIT subtest scores on the contralateral limb by 38.2% and the ipsilateral limb by 24.2%. Walk scores improved by 45%. Medication requirements were unchanged, but the patients who had had surgery were able to tolerate larger doses because of reduced dyskinesia. Ventral pallidotomy produces statistically significant reduction in parkinsonism and contralateral "on" dyskinesia without morbidity or mortality and with a short hospitalization in Parkinson's disease patients for whom medical therapy has failed.
 ...
PMID:Stereotactic ventral pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease. 772 66

A 64-year-old right-handed man was admitted because of increasing clumsiness of the right hand and difficulty in walking since 8 months earlier. The WAIS revealed verbal IQ 124, performance IQ 104 and full scale IQ 115. Neurological examination revealed slight dysarthria and normal eye movements. The right upper extremity showed Gegenhalten, tremor, dystonic elbow flexion, marked grasp reflex, grasping and groping behavior. Voluntary movements were slow and clumsy on the right side. However, neither ideational nor ideomotor apraxia was observed. Tendon reflexes were slightly exaggerated on the right side. Plantar responses were normal. The patient had difficulty in initiating forward walking and turning movements. Once started, he walked dragging his right foot ahead of the left with short steps. A line on the floor was of no benefit. He could not stride across the line on the floor in front of him. Analysis of gait with floor reaction force revealed that the single step rhythm of his frozen gait was about 1.5 Hz, which contrasted with the high frequency seen in Parkinson's disease. MRI demonstrated atrophy of the frontal and parietal lobes on both sides. 123I-IMP single-photon emission CT demonstrated severe hypoperfusion of the left frontal and parietal lobes. Frozen or shuffling gait is a popular symptom as well as unsteady gait and tendency to fall in corticobasal degeneration. It may result from the frontal lobe dysfunction. Lack of improvement in freezing by the visual input contrasts with Parkinson's disease and may be related to dysfunction of the mesial part of the frontal lobe or the parietal lobe involved in corticobasal degeneration.
 ...
PMID:[Analysis of gait disturbance in a patient with corticobasal degeneration]. 778 Dec 31

Elevated iron levels in the substantia nigra (SN) of the brain in Parkinson's disease (PD) may mediate lipid peroxidative reactions, promoting SN neuronal death. To assess SN iron accumulation in living PD patients and its relation to motor performance, we measured, in 13 nondemented PD patients and 10 normal control subjects, simple reaction time (SRT) and simple movement time (SMT), followed by head MRI in a 3-tesla system. We measured T2 and T2* in the right and left SN of all subjects and calculated R2', the relaxation rate due to local magnetic field in-homogeneities, from these values. Asymmetries of 1/T2 (R2), 1/T2* (R2*), or R2' versus asymmetries of SRT and SMT were assessed in eight PD subjects who had not taken anti-PD medication(s) for 12 hours. The average of right and left SN values for R2 was lower, and R2* and R2' were higher, in PD patients than in controls (R2, p = 0.046; R2*, p = 0.001; R2', p < 0.001). R2' best predicted group differences. The asymmetry of SRT performance was highly correlated with asymmetries of SN R2* (0.91; p = 0.001) and R2' (0.72; p = 0.03). These results strongly suggest that the increases in iron levels seen postmortem in the SN in PD are reflected in increased iron-related MRI contrast at 3 tesla in living PD patients. Correlations with motor performance in PD suggest that the clinical severity of PD may be related to SN iron accumulation.
 ...
PMID:Increased iron-related MRI contrast in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. 778 78

Slit-hyperintensity in the outer margin of the putamen on T2 weighted MRI was found in 17 out of 28 patients with clinically diagnosed multiple system atrophy. Thirteen of these 17 patients showed extrapyramidal signs. Five patients had only unilateral slit-hyperintensity; four of them had contralateral rigidity; and one had bradykinesia. Despite mild rigidity, one case showed no slit-hyperintensity. One of the 14 cases with parkinsonism showed no hyperintensity, and four of the 14 cases without parkinsonism showed hyperintensity. On the other hand, slit-hyperintensity was not seen in any of 25 patients with clinically diagnosed Parkinson's disease. Putaminal slit-hyperintensity is a useful MRI feature in the differential diagnosis between Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy predominantly affecting the extrapyramidal system.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study of extrapyramidal symptoms in multiple system atrophy. 779 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>