Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Huntington's chorea the biochemical disturbances are to some degree a reverse of those observed in Parkinson's disease and a failure of the cholinergic system is prevalent. Former attempts at treatment were based on blockade of the dopaminergic system. The author suggests that the general line of treatment should be -- similarly as in Parkinson's disease -- not blockade of the predominant system but enhancing the cholinergic activity by administration of acetylcholine precursors and agents blocking cholinesterase. Eight patients were treated in this way and significant improvement was achieved in half of them. Further therapeutic trials along these lines are justified theoretically and the main problem will be to find substances crossing the blood-brain barrier and acting more strongly.
Neurol Neurochir Pol
PMID:[New attempt at treating Huntington's chorea (preliminary report)]. 13 May 61

Coretal -- an agent blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors -- was given to 12 patients with Parkinson's syndrome with evident tremor and to 4 patients with benign essential tremor. In the group of Parkinson's syndrome the effectiveness of this treatment was evaluated by the blind method. The whole period of observation was 6 weeks, during 3 weeks the patients received Coretal 60-120 mg daily, during the next 3 weeks they were given placebo. The intensity of tremor was assessed by means of a scoring system. Improvement was achieved in 7 patients with Parkinson's syndrome and in 3 out of 4 cases of idiopathic tremor. Complete disappearance of tremor was never observed. Transient side effects were observed in 2 causes. The authors think that Coretal may be used with good result in treatment of parkinsonian tremor and benign essential tremor.
Neurol Neurochir Pol
PMID:[Effect of Coretal Polfa (Oxprenolol) on parkinsonian tremor and benign essential tremor]. 76 93

The sleep pattern was studied in 10 patients with Parkinson's disease with polygraphic recording of EEG tracings, eyeball movements, EMG from the chin area and EEG during two overnight investigations. The results were compared with the sleep pattern obtained in a similar way in 5 healthy subjects in the same age group. Prolongation of the time of falling asleep and reduction of the percent proportion of the deepest sleep phases (III and IV slow-wave phases and paradoxical phase) were observed. The possible biochemical substrate of these changes (low levels of dopamine and serotonin) is suggested. The author compared also the sleep pattern obtained in two consecutive sleep records in the same subjects discussing the so-called first-night effect.
Neurol Neurochir Pol 1977
PMID:[Sleep pattern in parkinsonism. Preliminary communication]. 88 3

Epidemiological investigations were carried out in an industrial plant in a population of about 16 000 people. The overall morbidity was 1 241.8 cases of nervous system diseases per 100 000 of population and the annual prevalence of neurological diseases was 473.7 per 100 000. The most frequent disease was sciatic pain, followed in order of frequency by epilepsy, vasomotor headaches, subjective symptoms after craniocerebral trauma, Parkinson's disease, clinically evident cerebral atherosclerosis and disseminated sclerosis. No significant effect of the type of occupation on the development of nervous system diseases was observed.
Neurol Neurochir Pol
PMID:[Nervous system diseases in workers of a large metallurgic plant]. 98 Feb

The results of substitutive treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa were assessed using a special chart for periodical examinations. This chart contains, among others, a 100-point scoring scale of parkinsonian disability which makes possible objective comparison of the condition of patients after various duration of treatment. The obtained results were compared according to age, sex, duration of disease, results of previous anticholinergic treatment. Ophthalmological examinations were carried out determining the width and reactions of pupils, accomodation and intraocular tension as well as side effects. The results of scoring demonstrated a high therapeutic effectiveness of L-dopa, lack of significant ophthalmological abnormalities and mild degree of side effects due to peripheral and autonomic-system reactions to L-dopa.
Neurol Neurochir Pol
PMID:[Results of short and long-term treatment of parkinsonism with L-dopa]. 98 Feb 3

In 38 patients with Parkinson's syndrome Madopar preparation was used (L-dopa with peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor) in 33 cases as the main drug and in 5 cases as an addition to L-dopa. In the group of 33 patients 39 could complete the treatment, one patient died suddenly, three had the treatment withdrawn in view of side effects. The effectiveness of Madopar was assessed by means of five-rate scoring systems NUDS and ART. Clinical improvement was found in 22 cases (about 67%). The improvement included mainly bradykinesia and rigidity, while tremor was only slightly improved. Side effects developed in about 40% of patients and were slight and transient (apart from 3 cases). The main contraindications seem to be psychotic disturbances. In the group of 5 cases treated with Madopar as an additional drug in low doses improved the result of long-term treatment with L-dopa.
Neurol Neurochir Pol
PMID:[Treatment of parkinsonism with L-dopa and peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor]. 116 36

On the basis of observations of 18 patients the authors evaluated clinically the action of Sinement preparation (Merch, Sharp and Dohme) containing L-dopa 250 mg and carbidopa 25 mg in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In the evaluation particular attention was given to side effects. Therapeutic results of Sinemet and L-dopa alone were compared in patients receiving these drugs alternatively. The observations of authors indicate that Sinemet gives the same therapeutic results as L-dopa, but in much lower doses and with less frequent side effects. Sinemet, similarly as L-dopa exerts the best effect on bradykinesia and muscular rigidity and less on tremor.
Neurol Neurochir Pol
PMID:[Comparison between results achieved by administering L-dopa and Sinemet in parkinsonism in the light of our records]. 118 52

Four patients with severe form of Parkinson's disease received transplantation of fetal dopaminergic cells into the caput of the caudate nucleus. The operation was done by an original method using a device designed specially for this purpose. In all cases the duration of the disease was 10 to 15 years, and the predominating signs were tremor, bradykinesia, and markedly pronounced side effects of the treatment (on-off syndrome and involuntary movements). One patients died 5 weeks after the operation. Autopsy demonstrated good survival of the transplanted cells with good integration with the brain of the recipient and traces of positive immunocytochemical reaction for tyrosine hydroxylase. In the other patients a significant clinical improvement was noted after the operation, with reduced intensity of parkinsonian symptomatology, shortening of the duration of the off phase, improved motor ability and reduced intensity of the involuntary movements. The longest follow-up was 24 months.
Neurol Neurochir Pol 1992
PMID:[Transplantation of fetal dopaminergic cells in Parkinson disease]. 140 86

Brain mapping of the cerebral bioelectric activity was done by the BEAM method in 20 patients with Parkinson's disease treated by cryothalamotomy. Conventional egg examinations demonstrating relatively small changes of the type of local asymmetry of frequencies and/or amplitudes, sporadic focal changes, and sporadic generalized and disseminated generalized changes were analysed in a computer system in the domain of frequency and time. Brain mapping demonstrated very distinctly the asymmetry in the frequency bands alpha and beta. On the operated side a regular alpha rhythm of lower frequency but higher amplitude dominated in the brain hemisphere. On the intact side a quick beta rhythm prevailed and an irregular alpha rhythm was noticeable. This phenomenon described by analysis in the domain of frequency confirms the unilateral synchronizing influence of thalamotomy on the bioelectric activity of the operated brain hemisphere and may correlate with the functional motor improvement noted in the operated subjects. In three cases with a longer course of the disease analysis in the frequency domain demonstrated the presence of generalized diffused slow waves in both frontal regions. These changes correlated with mental insufficiency of the examined patients.
Neurol Neurochir Pol 1992
PMID:[Brain mapping in Parkinson disease treated by cryothalamotomy]. 140 97

When all of the data concerning the role of D1 and D2 receptors in the control of unconditioned behaviors are taken together a fairly consistent picture begins to emerge. Considering first the normosensitive animals, it appears that D1 and D2 receptors are interdependent in their involvement in the control of locomotor activity. Stimulation of either receptor subtype leads to increases in activity although D2 agonists generally have a larger effect on activity than D1 agonists. Subeffective doses of D1 and D2 agonists (or D1 and D2 antagonists) have a synergistic action when co-administered. Injections of antagonists specific for either receptor subtype leads to a decrease in unstimulated locomotor activity or a diminution in the effects of agonists stimulating either receptor subtype. Besides locomotor activity, stimulation of D2 receptors produces yawning but a consistent effect on grooming has not been seen; D2 receptor stimulation also produces stereotyped behaviors. Again, there seems to be an interdependence between the two receptor subtypes; yawning or stereotypy produced by D2 receptor stimulation is blocked by either D2 or D1 antagonists. Stimulation of D1 receptors produces grooming and small perioral movements but not stereotyped behaviors like those typically seen following large doses of D2 agonists or DA agonists not specific a receptor subtype. Unlike D1 receptor-stimulated locomotor activity which is antagonized by D2 receptor blockers, grooming and perioral movements are not (but see Ref. 81). Thus, D1 receptor-mediated grooming and perioral movements seem to be exceptions to the otherwise general finding that co-stimulation of the two receptor subtypes needed for the expression of D1 or D2 agonist effects in normosensitive rats and mice. The apparent need to stimulate both D1 and D2 receptors to produce locomotor and some other unconditioned behaviors in normosensitive animals is lost in chronically denervated animals that are supersensitive to the effects of DA or DA agonists. However, there appear to be important species differences. Generally, in rodents undergoing unilateral or bilateral 6-OHDA-induced destruction of the nigrostriatal DA system, the locomotor effects of D1 agonists are not blocked by D2 antagonists and those of D2 agonists are not blocked by D1 antagonists. Similar results have been reported following chronic treatments with catecholamine depleting drugs. Thus, stimulation of either D1 or D2 receptors alone in DA supersensitive rodents appears to be sufficient to produce locomotor activity. In primates made DA supersensitive either with MPTP or as a result of Parkinson's disease, on the other hand, D2 but not D1 agonists are effective in reversing locomotor deficits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Pol J Pharmacol Pharm
PMID:Receptor subtype-specific dopaminergic agents and unconditioned behavior. 168 45


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