Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared the muscarinic cholinergic binding in lymphocytes of 44 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease with 23 age-matched normal volunteers, using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. In 24 patients with Parkinson's disease without dementia, binding was normal in 12, below control values in 6, whereas the remaining 6 (all on anticholinergic medication) showed very high binding. In all 20 patients with Parkinson's disease and with dementia, the binding was below control levels, indicating that in these patients, as in patients with Alzheimer's dementia, the cholinergic muscarinic binding by lymphocytes is reduced.
Ann Neurol 1991 Dec
PMID:Changes of muscarinic cholinergic binding by lymphocytes in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. 178 98

Constipation is a frequent symptom in Parkinson's disease. In this study colonic transit time was measured in 20 patients and 20 sex- and age-matched controls. Colonic transit was normal in all but two of the controls. In 16 patients with Parkinson's disease the average colonic passage was 5 to 7 days. For four patients transit-time was within normal limits. The delayed transport affected all sections of the colon. There was no obvious dependence on age, sex, presentation of the disease, physical activity, or medication. In our opinion, lesions of the autonomic nervous system are responsible.
Klin Wochenschr 1991 Dec 11
PMID:Constipation in Parkinson's disease. 179 97

A Lewy body dementing syndrome in the elderly has been recently described and designated senile dementia of Lewy body type (SDLT) on the basis of a distinct clinicopathological profile. The pathological changes seen in SDLT include the presence of cortical Lewy bodies (LB) frequently, but not invariably, associated with senile plaque (SP) formation. Whilst neocortical neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are sparse or absent, a proportion of these cases show involvement of the temporal archicortex by lesions comprising Alzheimer-type pathology (ATP, i.e. NFT, SP and granulovacuolar degeneration [GVD]). Thus the relationship between SDLT and senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) is complex and controversial. In this study quantitative neuropathology was used to compare the intensity and distribution of ATP in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of 53 patients from 3 disease groups (SDLT, SDAT, Parkinson's disease (PD)) and a group of neurologically and mentally normal elderly control patients. For most brain areas examined the extent of ATP between the patient groups followed the trend SDAT greater than SDLT greater than PD greater than control. Statistical comparison of these groups revealed significant differences between the mean densities of NFT, SP and GVD although individual cases showed considerable variability. These results confirm additional pathological differences between SDAT and SDLT regarding the intensity of involvement of the temporal archicortex by ATP. Many patients with Lewy body disorders (LBdis) show a predisposition to develop ATP albeit in a more restricted distribution (e.g. low or absent neocortical NFT) and at lower densities than is found in SDAT. Some cases of SDLT show minimal SP and NFT formation in both neocortex and archicortex supporting previously published data distinguishing this group from Alzheimer's disease.
J Neurol Sci 1991 Dec
PMID:Quantitative neuropathological study of Alzheimer-type pathology in the hippocampus: comparison of senile dementia of Alzheimer type, senile dementia of Lewy body type, Parkinson's disease and non-demented elderly control patients. 180 62

P300 latency is often delayed in dementia but some authors have questioned its value in clinical practice, because of the relatively low specificity and sensibility of the method. Numerous parameters (latency, duration, amplitude and surface) of N100, N200 and P300 waves were therefore studied in patients with senile dementia, subjects suffering from Parkinson's disease with dementia, and non-demented elderly patients. Using discriminant analysis, more than 90% of the patients were correctly classified. This method could thus be contributory in diagnosing dementia in clinical practice.
Neurophysiol Clin 1991 Dec
PMID:[Cognitive evoked potentials in the diagnosis of senile dementia and dementia of Parkinson's disease: significance of multivariate analysis]. 180 2

An epidemiological study on the incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) was carried out in 29 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in the People's Republic of China in 1986. The survey was conducted in 117 areas and 566 patients with PD were found among 3369,162 persons examined, giving a point prevalence rate of 14.6/10(5) on June 30, 1986. The prevalence for men and women were 16.9/10(5) and 12.4/10(5) respectively, with the highest prevalence at the fifth decade of age. The disease was most prevalent in the southern part of China, especially Hunan and Guangxi provinces. The incidence rate was 1.5/10(5) in the year of 1986. Both the prevalence and incidence of PD in China were lower than those in the white races and Japanese.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 1991 Dec
PMID:[The incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the People's Republic of China]. 181 97

Common marmosets were given a subcutaneous injection of MPTP (1.25-2.5 mg/kg twice a week) for 5 or 10 consecutive months and were sacrificed after a survival time of 6 months or 15 days, respectively. The parkinsonian symptoms were not very marked at the time of sacrifice but there was a strong decrease of dopamine and, to a lesser extent, of its metabolites in the striatum and in some extrastriatal regions. There was also a profound loss of serotonin in the striatum and in all of the extrastriatal regions analyzed, which was still highly significant 6 months after discontinuation of MPTP treatment. The results suggest that the selected dosage schedule produces a widespread and lasting neuronal degeneration closely resembling the neurochemical pathology of Parkinson's disease.
Brain Res 1991 Dec 13
PMID:Extensive loss of brain dopamine and serotonin induced by chronic administration of MPTP in the marmoset. 181 20

Systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) gives rise to motor deficits in humans and other primates which closely resemble those seen in patients with Parkinson's disease. These deficits are associated with a relatively selective loss of cells in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and severe reductions in the concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the striatum. Similarly, in mice of various different strains the administration of MPTP also induces a marked loss of dopaminergic cells with severe depletion of biogenic amines, but higher doses of MPTP are required to produce these effects in mice than in primates. This review summarises advances made in understanding the biochemical events which underlie the remarkable neurotoxic action of MPTP. Major steps in the expression of neurotoxicity involve the conversion of MPTP to the toxic agent 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) by type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) in the glia, specific uptake of MPP+ into the nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurones, the intraneuronal accumulation of MPP+, and the neurotoxic action of MPP+. This is exerted mainly through the inhibition of the enzymes of the respiratory chain (Complex I), the disturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis, and possibly by the formation of free radicals. The relevance of the MPTP model to idiopathic Parkinson's disease is discussed.
Eur J Pharmacol 1991 Dec 12
PMID:MPTP mechanisms of neurotoxicity and their implications for Parkinson's disease. 181 82

The near IR emission at 1270 nm following pulsed laser excitation of methylene blue in deuterium oxide, was used to study the interaction of a singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) with (i) 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its oxidation products, and (ii) biosubstrates of relevance in Parkinson's disease. Steady state irradiation of methylene blue and MPTP led to a product with an absorption profile consistent with that of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium ion. This may suggest that even if monoamine oxidase enzyme activity is inhibited by the use of drugs such as Deprenyl and Paragyline the underlying conversion of MPTP to its neurotoxic oxidation product via 1O2 may still take place.
J Photochem Photobiol B 1991 Dec
PMID:Chemically induced Parkinson's disease. III: A study of a possible role of singlet molecular oxygen in Parkinson's disease. 181 61

Since the initial observation by Brown (1914) that electrical stimulation applied to the habenular efferent bundle in the chimpanzee evoked a pattern of respiration which closely resembled the act of laughter, the habenular complex has remained a mysterious structure. The anatomy of the habenular complex is well delineated (Jones, 1985) forming a major component of the dorsal diencephalic conduction system. Data derived mainly from animal experimentation over the past decade point to the fact that the habenular complex functions as an important link between the limbic forebrain and the midbrain-extrapyramidal motor system. The elucidation of the functions of the habenular complex may thus significantly increase the current insight into the understanding of the interaction between behavioral and motor functions. Clearly, such information would be of great relevance for further understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, Tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette's syndrome in which behavioral and motor impairments are interfaced. This review summarizes anatomical, functional, and pharmacological aspects of the habenular complex and discusses its potential contribution to the pathophysiology of selected neuropsychiatric and movement disorders.
Int J Neurosci 1991 Dec
PMID:Relevance of the habenular complex to neuropsychiatry: a review and hypothesis. 182 82

Exteroceptive suppression of the masseter and temporalis muscles, produced by electrical stimulation of the mental nerve, was studied in 40 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 18 age-matched control subjects. Prior to the stimulation, background electromyographic activity showed no difference between the normal subjects and patients with PD. The latency in the patients with PD did not differ from that in the normal subjects. The duration and degree of suppression were lower in the patients with PD when compared with the normal subjects. The low level of degree was more obvious in patients with severe rigidity in the neck. A low degree of exteroceptive suppression might play a partial role in causing rigidity.
Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol 1991 Dec
PMID:Exteroceptive suppression of the masseter and temporalis muscles and parkinsonian rigidity. 183 10


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>