Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microdialysis in the human brain has been performed for the first time during thalamotomy intended to relieve tremor in patients with Parkinson's disease. The aim was to test the reliability of the microdialysis technique for biochemical characterization of a target area in the human brain during a routine operation. Microdialysis probes were introduced through the same trajectory as the lesioning electrode thus causing no additional damage to the brain. Dopamine, DOPAC, HVA, 5-HIAA, hypoxanthine, inosine, guanosine, adenosine, GABA, taurine, aspartate and glutamate were measured in the perfusate from the target region - the Vim nucleus. The results show initial high levels that reach baseline levels after 10-20 minutes. Surprisingly, consistent and reproducible levels were found, the only exception being one patient on 1-DOPA therapy who had elevated DA and metabolite levels.
 ...
PMID:Microdialysis in the human brain: extracellular measurements in the thalamus of parkinsonian patients. 230 73

The concentrations of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid in 17 patients with Parkinson's disease and 10 controls. The patients with Parkinson's disease were on long-term treatment with L-DOPA preparations. In 9 of them drug-induced dyskineses were observed. The HVA/5-HIAA ratio was determined in the cerebrospinal fluid separately in cases with dyskineses, in cases without dyskineses and in controls. It was found that this ratio was significantly higher in patients with drug-induced dyskineses as compared to patients without dyskineses, and especially to controls. It is suggested that this may mean that in cases of drug-induced dyskineses disturbances exist in the equilibrium between the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems in favour of the former, which may be one of the causes of involuntary movements.
 ...
PMID:[Drug-induced dyskinesia during the treatment of Parkinson disease--biochemical studies]. 242 Nov 91

We have previously reported a correlation between depression in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and decreased concentrations of the cerebrospinal fluid content of the serotonin metabolite, 5-HIAA. To further examine this relationship, we repeated the study in a new cohort of patients while they remained on dopaminergic medications, conducted follow-up interviews and examinations in our original cohort, and conducted an open trial of the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan in a group of new patients with depression. We were again able to demonstrate a significant reduction in cerebrospinal 5-HIAA in depressed patients in comparison to controls and patients without depression. Demented patients with Parkinson's disease, particularly those with concurrent depression, had the lowest values of 5-HIAA. No new cases of depression occurred in our original cohort after 2 1/2 years of follow-up, and depression remitted following conventional or experimental treatment in four patients. Depression improved in six of the seven new patients following oral 5-hydroxytryptophan. Three of these patients allowed a repeat lumbar puncture, and the concentration of 5-HIAA increased following 5-hydroxytryptophan. These three studies support our hypothesis that depression in idiopathic Parkinson's disease is associated with a reduction in brain serotonin. However, it also suggests that other factors, biological or environmental, may be causal factors.
 ...
PMID:The relationship of serotonin to depression in Parkinson's disease. 246 9

Experimental evidence has shown that the amount of 5-HIAA in the CSF reflects the metabolism of serotonin in the brain if this metabolite is eliminated from the brain and flows into the CSF at a constant rate. We studied the concentration of 5-HIAA in the lumbar CSF in several neurological diseases to elucidate the alteration in abnormalities of serotonin metabolism. The concentration of 5-HIAA in the CSF was measured in 94 patients with cerebral infarction, 30 with vascular dementia, 25 with dementia of the Alzheimer type, 28 with Parkinson's disease and 6 with hypoxic encephalopathy. Patients with cerebral infarction were classified into 24 with a solitary cerebral infarct and 70 with multiple cerebral infarcts. Patients with Parkinson's disease were subdivided into 12 with various psychiatric symptoms including depressive state, hallucination and/or intellectual impairment and 16 without psychiatric symptoms. Patients with hypoxic encephalopathy consisted of 5 with apallic syndrome and one patient with Lance-Adams syndrome. The concentration of 5-HIAA in solitary cerebral infarct, multiple cerebral infarcts and vascular dementia did not exhibit a significant difference from that in control cases (54.6 +/- 23.1 ng/ml). But patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (34.5 +/- 10.9, p less than 0.001) showed a significantly lower concentration. This fact seems to reflect the pathological finding that the number of large neurons is decreased and neurofibrillary tangles are increased in the nucleus raphe dorsalis of patients with Alzheimer type dementia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Study on the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neurological diseases]. 248 Aug 63

A procedure is described for the rapid determination of the major indoles and catechols. Analysis with picogram detection limits was done by high-pressure liquid chromatography on a C18 reverse-phase column using electrochemical detection (LCEC). This method provides a comprehensive list of compounds which can be simultaneously determined in brain samples and for which there is no necessity of derivatization or pre-column purification. The regional distribution of 9 neurochemicals from rat brain and the levels of 10 neurochemicals from human brain are presented. DOPA, TYR, NE, MHPG, DOPAC, 5-HIAA, TRP, DA, HVA, 3-MT and 5-HT were detected in the caudate nucleus and putamen. The levels of neurochemicals from the caudate and putamen of a demented patient with Parkinson's disease were variably decreased; catechol and indole losses were greatest in the putamen. The levels of neurochemicals in the caudate and putamen of patients with Alzheimer's disease (SDAT) were also variably decreased; loss of NE was seen only in putamen and losses of DA, HVA and 5-HT were uniform across both caudate and putamen. The CSF of SDAT patients showed changes in NE only.
 ...
PMID:Determination of tyrosine, tryptophan and their metabolic derivatives by liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection: application to post mortem samples from patients with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. 396 72

The amine metabolites HVA and 5-HIAA in the lumbar CSF of 15 patients with Huntington's chorea were determined. A negative correlation was found between the severity of symptoms and the CSF HVA, but not 5-HIAA levels. The mean HVA concentration was lower than that of a group of patients with miscellaneous neurological disorders, similar to that of a group with miscellaneous psychiatric disorders and higher than that of a group with Parkinson's disease. The mean 5-HIAA concentration was similar to that of the neurological group and higher than those of the groups with psychiatric disorders or Parkinson's disease. CSF HVA and 5-HIAA concentrations of a single patient with severe akinetic rigid Huntington's chorea were similar to those found in Parkinson's disease. The findings are discussed in relation to previous neuropathological observations and to reported effects of drugs on the choreic symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Amine metabolites in the cerbrospinal fluid in Huntington's chorea. 426 57

The 5-HIAA/HVA ratio was determined in the cerebrospinal fluid in 5 patients with Parkinson's disease with L-DOPA preparations in which drug-induced dyskineses developed, in 5 patients treated with L-DOPA without dyskineses, and 10 controls. A decrease in the 5-HIAA/HVA ratio was observed in the group with dyskineses as compared with patients without dyskineses and in controls. The directions of further investigations on hte pathomechanism of drug-induced dyskineses are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Pathomechanism of dyskinesia associated with treatment of Parkinson disease with levodopa]. 617 92

Deprenyl is a selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor and has been used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, it is not known whether deprenyl effects are symptomatic or pharmacological. Aging mice were partially lesioned with MPTP. Control and MPTP-treated mice were given deprenyl in drinking water for 14 days. Brain tissue (including the striatum, olfactory tubercle and cerebral cortex) was assayed for MAO-B and neurotransmitter levels. The results show that deprenyl treatment, given alone or after MPTP, reduced MAO-B activity in all the three regions. No change was seen in dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) content in any of the three areas. Cortical norepinephrine (NE) levels were also unaltered. However, striatal serotonin (5-HT) levels were decreased while its metabolite, 5-HIAA levels were significantly increased in the olfactory tubercle in animals receiving deprenyl alone. These data suggest that deprenyl treatment reduces MAO-B activity in regions in addition to the striatum without affecting norepinephrine, dopamine (DA) and its metabolites.
 ...
PMID:Effects of deprenyl on monoamine oxidase and neurotransmitters in the brains of MPTP-treated aging mice. 754 44

We have developed two HPLC systems for the simultaneous determination of CA, 5-HT and their precursors and metabolites in human body fluid. One system consisted of two reversed-phase columns, a column switching device, a pair of electrodes for elimination of interferents and two sets of new electrochemical detectors with four electrodes. Using this system, adequate separation of peaks for 17 kinds of CA, 5-HT and their related metabolites in a standard solution required only 17 min. NE, MHPG, DOPAC, 5-HIAA, HVA and TRP levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined without any pretreatment of the CSF samples. The concentrations of DOPAC, 5-HIAA and HVA in CSF were significantly lower in Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and Parkinson's disease than in the controls. The other system was developed for determination of CA acidic metabolites and 5-HIAA in human urine. This system consisted of a mixed-mode column (C18/anion) and 8-channel electrochemical detector with isocratic elution of citrate buffer. Detection limits, precision and analytical recoveries of this method were satisfactory for clinical use.
 ...
PMID:[Simultaneous determination of catecholamines, serotonin, and their precursors and metabolites in body fluid by an HPLC system with multi-electrode electrochemical detector]. 791 40

Serotonergic (5-HT) and dopaminergic activities have been examined in Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) and compared with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the neocortex the LBD subgroup experiencing hallucinations was distinguished from the other categories by an increase in the 5HIAA:5HT ratio measured in frontal cortex and by the serotonergic (5-HIAA or 5-HIAA:5-HT): cholinergic (choline acetyltransferase) ratio in frontal and temporal cortex. In the neostriatum (caudate nucleus), loss of dopamine and increased HVA:dopamine ratio correlated with the reduction in substantia nigra neurons in LBD but not PD, despite the greater loss of neurones and dopamine and the higher dopamine turnover ratio in PD. LBD patients experiencing severe Parkinsonism as a result of neuroleptic treatment tended to have lower neuron counts, in combination with higher turnover ratios, than the remainder. Qualitative differences between LBD and PD included decreased cortical 5-HT turnover in PD compared with the increase in LBD. There were no significant changes in any parameter in AD, with the exception of a reduction in temporal cortex 5HIAA. The results suggest that although the neurochemical pathology of LBD and PD involves similar systems, the nature of the derangements differs sufficiently between the diseases to account for differences in symptomatology.
 ...
PMID:Monoaminergic activities in Lewy body dementia: relation to hallucinosis and extrapyramidal features. 812 90


1 2 3 4 Next >>