Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

W. Kostowski's The Pathomechanism and Pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's Disease was published in 1987. M. Weissel's Thyroid Gland Hormones Can Affect the Plasma Level of Atrial Urinary Sodium Peptide in Man was issued in Die Schilddruse in 1987. The following articles were published in the New England Journal of Medicine: 1. Madrazo's Microsurgical Graft of Adrenal Medulla to the Right Caudate Nucleus in Two Patients with Intractable Parkinson's Disease in 1987. R. Noore's Parkinson's Disease--A New Therapy? in 1987. F. Needelman's A Cardiac Hormone Intimately Involved in Fluid, Electrolyte, and Blood Pressure Homeostasis in 1986. G. Dersy's Arterial Endocrine Function in Humans with Artificial Hearts in 1987. W. Crowley's Progesterone Antagonism in 1986. B. Couzinet's Termination of Early Pregnancy by the Progesterone Antagonist RU-486 (Mifepristone) in 1986. Progesterone is indispensable for the maintenance of pregnancy; its elimination results in abortion. The progesterone antagonist RU-486, or mifepristone, which is a 19-nonsteroid, has been used lately for early pregnancy termination. A group of French and American authors conducted a study of 100 women with early unwanted pregnancy during 10 days following the end of expected menstruation. 34 women received 400 mg of RU-486 in the course of 4 days, 26 got 600 mg also in the course 4 days, and 40 women received 800 mg within 2 days. Uterine bleeding appeared in all women in the course of 4 days from the moment of giving the drug, and it lasted 5-17 days. A clear reduction of gonadotropin concentration was observed after 6 days. Ultrasound showed empty uterus within 13 days from the use of the drug. In 15 women after receiving RU-486, the increased level of gonadotropin lasted beyond 6 days, which was indicative of the lack of action of RU-486. In this group of women the uterine cavity was evacuated by nonpharmacological methods. The drug was safe and effective, although 15% of women did not react to it and significant prolonged bleeding occurred in 18% of them.
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PMID:[Progress in endocrinology]. 298 Sep 95

Adrenal medulla grafts in the lateral ventricle reduce the behavioral manifestations of striatal dopamine depletion in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Using microdialysis in freely moving rats, the present experiments determined that dopamine was not detectable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, adrenal medulla grafts were associated with an increase in dopamine turnover and amphetamine-stimulated striatal dopamine release was increased in animals with behaviorally effective adrenal medulla grafts. Therefore, adrenal medulla grafts increase striatal dopamine activity without an appreciable release of dopamine into the CSF. Adrenal medulla grafts also increased serum dopamine concentrations, and the increase in serum dopamine was directly correlated with the behavioral efficacy of the grafts. We suggest that dopamine, produced by adrenal medulla grafts, may gain access to the striatum via the blood supply and then leak out into the host striatum through permeable blood vessels adjacent to the graft. Through this mechanism, adrenal medulla grafts may increase functional dopaminergic activity in the striatum. These results may be important for understanding how autografts of adrenal medulla cells produce a putative alleviation of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Adrenal medulla grafts enhance functional activity of the striatal dopamine system following substantia nigra lesions. 314 37

Rats with rotational behavior consequent to unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra have been proposed for an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Adrenal medulla or embryonic substantia nigra grafts in the lateral ventricle of these animals reduce this rotational behavior. For application to primate and human subjects, it may be necessary to implant tissue directly into the parenchyma of the corpus striatum rather than into the ventricle in order to achieve a sufficient distribution of the grafted tissues and increase the efficacy of the grafts. In the present study, the properties of intraparenchymal adrenal medulla grafts were investigated. Grafts were obtained from both young (4 to 5 weeks old) and aging (22 to 24 months old) donor rats. Much of the implanted tissue did not survive, although 200 chromaffin cells per recipient rat were found to have survived for at least 6 months. All of the surviving cells developed process-like cytoplasmic extensions, although these processes did not appear to have reinnervated host brain tissue. Grafts from both young and aging donor rats prevented a slight deterioration in the performance of a sensory neglect test that was observed in a control group that received grafts of sciatic nerve. There was also a tendency that did not reach statistical significance for grafts from young (but not from aging) donors to decrease apomorphine-induced rotational behavior. It is concluded that, although the corpus striatum does not appear to provide a particularly favorable environment for the implantation of adrenal medulla grafts, striatal implants of adrenal medulla might become a promising procedure if a means of improving the survival of these tissues could be developed.
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PMID:Intrastriatal adrenal medulla grafts in rats. Long-term survival and behavioral effects. 377 55

This paper reviews the literature describing the condition of the adrenal medulla in Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized primarily by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Clinical observations have revealed that Parkinson's disease is also frequently accompanied by a variety of autonomic symptoms. The adrenal medulla is a major component of the autonomic nervous system. However, until recently this organ has not been of particular interest in Parkinson's disease. Early studies found histologic abnormalities in adrenal medullary cells, and several groups measured urinary and plasma catecholamines to determine general autonomic status. In the late 1980s adrenal medullary tissue was first transplanted to the caudate nucleus in an attempt to augment the decreased levels of dopamine, and thus treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. At this time the status of the adrenal medulla in this disease became clinically important. We measured the total catecholamine content of the parkinsonian adrenal medulla in tissue collected both at autopsy and in conjunction with adrenal-caudate transplants. Adrenal medullary catecholamines and several neuropeptides were severely depressed in parkinsonian glands. Thus, the adrenal medulla appears to be a target of the peripheral manifestations of Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:The adrenal medulla and Parkinson's disease. 769 98

Adrenal grafting for Parkinson's disease has led to modest functional improvement despite poor graft survival. One explanation is a neurotrophic response within the traumatized striatum. This study was undertaken to investigate the time course of the astrocytic response in vivo and in vitro, and the expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) mRNA following striatal injury. Unilateral stereotaxic biopsy of the rat striatum was performed and gelatin sponge (gel-foam) was immediately placed into the biopsy cavity. Rats were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 post biopsy. Immunohistochemical staining of the traumatized striatum with antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was carried out. The reactive astrocytes which appeared within 7 days after trauma were mostly protoplasmic on the basis of morphology, and maximal on day 7, being 30 times the level in the normal striatum. After day 7, fibrous astrocytes appeared and increased up to day 28, while protoplasmic astrocytes decreased. In addition, immunocytochemical double staining of short term cultured astrocytes from the traumatized striatum with anti-A2B5 and anti-GFAP antibodies revealed that 84% and 90% of astrocytes were type 1 astrocytes on days 3 and 7, respectively; however, by day 28 47% of astrocytes were type 2. Northern blot analysis revealed that CNTF mRNA expression was up-regulated and peaked on day 7, coincident with a predominance of protoplasmic astrocytes in vivo and type 1 astrocytes in vitro, respectively. These findings suggest that the expression of CNTF mRNA is part of the early astrocytic response to trauma, particularly associated with protoplasmic astrocytes in vivo and type 1 astrocytes in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Time course of ciliary neurotrophic factor mRNA expression is coincident with the presence of protoplasmic astrocytes in traumatized rat striatum. 771 23

Nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration in the distal stump of the transected peripheral nerve has been shown to increase more than 20 times one day after transection. We performed adrenal medullary alone grafts or cografts of adrenal medulla and acutely transected or pretransected (24 h before) sciatic nerve into the striatum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice, and compared the survival of chromaffin cells and the recovery of the host-intrinsic dopaminergic fibers using tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry and high-performance liquid chromatography. We also performed peripheral nerve alone grafting (acutely transected or pretransected) for comparison. Adrenal medullary chromaffin cells cografted with pretransected sciatic nerve survived better than those in adrenal grafts alone or those cografted with acutely transected sciatic nerve. Host dopaminergic fiber recovery was also most prominent in mice cografted with pretransected peripheral nerve. Animals receiving grafts of peripheral nerve alone showed limited recovery of host dopaminergic fibers and the degree of recovery was lower than that of animals receiving cografts of adrenal medulla with pretransected peripheral nerve. We conclude that pretransected peripheral nerve enhanced the survival of cografted chromaffin cells and this increased survival led to promote the recovery of host-intrinsic dopaminergic fibers. This grafting procedure might be promising in application to patients with Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Efficacy of pretransection of peripheral nerve for promoting the survival of cografted chromaffin cells and recovery of host dopaminergic fibers in animal models of Parkinson's disease. 783 22

Pretransected peripheral nerve has been demonstrated to enhance the survival of cografted adrenal medullary chromaffin cells and the recovery of host dopaminergic (DA) systems in animal models of Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we examined the effect of donor age on survival of cografted chromaffin cells. Adrenal medulla and pretransected peripheral nerve from young (1-month-old) or aging (12-month-old) donors were cografted into the striatum of MPTP-treated young (2-month-old) C57/BL mice. Although chromaffin cell survivability was increased by cografting with pretransected peripheral nerve despite donor age, survivability of chromaffin cells from aging donors was less than that using young donors. Image analysis of striatal DA fibers and chemical analysis of striatal DA showed that cografting with pretransected peripheral nerve enhanced the recovery of striatal DA systems more prominently than adrenal grafting alone. However, this effect was less in mice receiving aging donor tissues compared with mice receiving young donor tissues.
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PMID:The influence of donor age on cografting of adrenal medulla with pretransected peripheral nerve. 790 69

Although substantial therapeutic advances have been developed during the last decade, L-dopa remains as the most successful treatment for Parkinson's disease. However, about 80% of the patients show motor and psychiatric complications after several years of levodopa treatment. Thus, new therapeutic approaches have been undertaken during the last decade in order obtain a better control of the motor symptoms. Adrenal medullar grafts into caudate nucleus and/or putamen have been widely studied as a new therapeutic strategy. They have been undertaken in more than 300 parkinsonian patients and the general finding is that adrenal medullar grafts induce a significant improvement of motor symptoms which remain 1 year after the surgery. The mechanisms by which they can elicit a motor improvement are not well understood since chromaffin cells do not survive in the host brain after transplantation as demonstrated by PET scan studies. The present work summarizes the results found by different authors as well as the mechanisms involved in the motor improvement observed in these patients.
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PMID:[Adrenal transplantation and Parkinson's disease]. 899 95

For the past 15 years, patients with Parkinson's disease have participated in clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of intrastriatal dopamine transplants. Principally, two donor tissues have been employed, the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and fetal ventral mesencephalon. The clinical response following each type of transplant has been variable. In general, the magnitude and the duration of the clinical response is greater with fetal dopaminergic neurons than with adrenal medullary grafts. Postmortem studies of patients receiving adrenal medullary grafts or fetal nigral implants provide a neuroanatomical framework for the clinical response. Adrenal grafts survive poorly following implantation into the striatum, but they are capable of inducing sprouting of host-derived fibers within a the caudate nucleus. In contrast, robust survival of fetal nigral implants can be achieved within the human brain which can provide extensive reinnervation to the parkinsonian striatum. These findings are strikingly similar to what has been seen in rodent and nonhuman primate models of PD. This paper describes the neuroanatomical correlates of dopamine brain grafting in humans and elucidates the pattern of changes seen in dopaminergic systems which are associated with clinical benefit.
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PMID:Dopaminergic transplants in patients with Parkinson's disease: neuroanatomical correlates of clinical recovery. 912 50

Adrenal chromaffin cell (ACC) transplantation has been considered as one of the therapeutic strategies for Parkinson disease (PD). This strategy involves the administration of L-DOPA, although in reduced doses, to ACC-transplanted patients. Using cytochemical and morphological methods, we examined the effects of clinically applicable concentrations of L-DOPA on cultured chromaffin cells. We found an increase of cell death in both necrotic and apoptotic patterns. These data suggest that therapeutic preventive measures during ACC transplantation processes for PD should be taken.
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PMID:L-DOPA-induced neurotoxic and apoptotic changes on cultured chromaffin cells. 1071 3


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