Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have studied 97 patients with dementia who have been discharged from our hospital and 106 inpatients with dementia who have been admitted during last two years in our hospital. The diagnosis of dementia was done according to the criteria of DSM-III. Based on their clinical course, neurological signs, Hachinski's ischemic score and neuroradiological findings, we divided patients into 4 groups, [senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), vascular dementia (VD), unclassified dementia and other dementias which includes dementia with Parkinson's disease or motor neuron disease, etc.]. Concerning 70 demented patients who died during hospitalization, the average age of onset and the duration of illness of SDAT were 80.5 years old and 4.6 years respectively and those of VD were 77.6 years old and 2.7 years respectively. The common causes of death were pneumonia (50%) and cardiac failure (24%). Recurrence of cerebral vascular accident (CVA) was also another frequent cause of death in VD. The most common behavioral problems causing admission in patients of SDAT were aimless wandering, nocturnal delirium, illusion and hallucination. In VD, nocturnal delirium, aimless wandering, violence and abnormal monologue were most common causes of admission. The important causes degrading ADL of inpatients were fracture, especially fracture of the hip joint, pneumonia, intestinal bleeding and CVA. Concerning the increase of the population of over 75 years old, it will be suggested that the care and treatment of demented patients in this age group will become a major social problem.
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PMID:[Clinical and epidemiological studies on inpatients with dementia]. 238 92

Among 49 consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease, 40% were depressed according to DSM-III; they had major depression or dysthymic disorder accompanied by sleep disturbance, fatigue, psychomotor retardation, loss of self-esteem, and excessive guilt. During a 10-day dopamine-free period, lumbar puncture was performed to measure the metabolites of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Patients were given an overnight dexamethasone suppression test, and the effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and L-dopa on plasma growth hormone and prolactin were examined. Level of CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was lowest in parkinsonian patients with major depression and was related to psychomotor retardation and loss of self-esteem.
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PMID:Clinical and biochemical features of depression in Parkinson's disease. 242 23

One hundred de novo patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were classified into two groups according to age of onset of symptoms. Seventy two patients were under 70 years and 28 were 70 years and over. All patients were given neurological and neuropsychological assessments, and the severity of the signs was rated on a modified Columbia scale. The neuropsychological assessment was also administered to 50 age-and-education-matched controls. The neuropsychological test battery included tests of verbal learning, visual memory, verbal fluency, visuospatial skill, simple and choice reaction time, language and maze learning. The late-onset patients had significant impairment in nonverbal reasoning, auditory verbal learning, visual memory and choice reaction time in contrast to early-onset patients and controls. A relationship was found between bradykinesia and widespread cognitive impairment. Severity of tremor was found to be significantly correlated with impairment in auditory verbal learning, visual memory and increased choice reaction time, while rigidity was found to be associated with cognitive impairment in verbal fluency and visuospatial skill. Using DSM II criteria, 39% of the late-onset and 8% of the early-onset group were classified as demented. Dementia was more common in patients with bilateral symmetrical disease and in those patients with marked tremor and bradykinesia. The pattern of cognitive impairment in PD was consistent with that associated with a subcortical dementia. This study confirms that the expression of PD is markedly influenced by the age of onset.
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PMID:The neuropsychology of de novo patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease: the effects of age of onset. 226 12

Long latency auditory evoked potentials were recorded in 50 patients with Parkinson's disease, some case were also investigated by the Rapid Evaluation of Cognitive Functions test (RECF) and Trail Making A test (TMA). Latencies of P2, N2 and P300 waves were longer in the parkinsonian group than in a control group matched for age. Latencies of N2 and P300 waves were correlated significantly with scores for RECF and TMA presumed to be sensitive to organic brain lesions. On the other hand no significant correlation was found between RECF and P1 and P2 latencies. In addition, correlation was lacking between Verbal Automatism test scores, presumed to be resistant to organic brain lesions, and P300 wave latencies. Cognitive evoked potential (CEP) latency increases with age in normal subjects. In the parkinsonian group the coefficient of correlation between these two factors was lower but still significant. The parkinsonian patients with dementia as defined by DSM III criteria, or an RECF score of less than 46, showed longer N2 and P300 latencies but no significant difference in N1 and P2 latencies. In contrast, comparison of P300 and N2 wave latencies in depressed and non-depressed parkinsonian patients failed to show any significant difference. The bilateral akinetic forms had marked lengthening of P300 wave latencies and a lower TMA score. Neither the duration of the disease, type of treatment, duration of L-Dopa therapy significantly influenced the latency of cognitive event-related potentials.
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PMID:[Parkinson disease and cognitive evoked potentials]. 274 97

One hundred and eight noninstitutionalized patients with Parkinson's disease were studied to find out whether the age of disease onset affects patients' cognitive, memory and psychomotor performance. "Early onset" patients (whose disease began before 60 years of age) showed a wide spectrum of impairments in neuropsychological performance compared with age-matched normal subjects. However, only one (2%) of these patients was demented according to DSM III criteria. Dementia was more frequent in patients with equivalent disease duration, but with late onset of disease (over 60 years); 13 of such patients (25%) were demented. The present study supports previous findings which show that dementia increases with advancing age in Parkinson's disease. It also suggests that cognitive changes are also found in patients with early onset of disease.
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PMID:The effect of age of disease onset on neuropsychological performance in Parkinson's disease. 334 89

Sixty-four cases of idiopathic Parkinson's disease were studied focusing the neuropsychological performance. To all subjects a brief mental status questionnaire was administered (30 items). Cases with a performance below normal and meeting the dementia criteria of the Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition (DSM III), were considered demented. This evaluation showed that 12 of the 64 patients had dementia, a prevalence rate of 18.7%. Patients that had neuropsychological performance below normal showed more severe bradykinesia than normals. Short term memory, abstract thinking, visual gnosia, calculations, dynamic motor function of hands, constructional ability and recent memory were the most affected psychological functions. The significance of the mentioned findings is discussed and the literature reviewed.
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PMID:[Neuropsychological dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease: a study of 64 cases]. 342 18

The status of muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) is not clear in Parkinson's disease (PD). We measured mAChR binding in the brain of eight patients with PD and eight, age-matched, healthy controls by positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]N-methyl-4-piperidyl benzilate ([11C]NMPB). PD patients were not demented according to DSM III criteria but showed significant frontal lobe dysfunction in the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. A mean K3 value, which is an index of mAChR binding calculated by a graphical method, was 20% higher in the frontal cortex of PD patients than controls (p < 0.05). Hypersensitivity of mAChRs in the frontal cortex of PD patients may be a response to a loss of ascending cholinergic input to that region, and may relate to frontal lobe dysfunction in PD.
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PMID:Hypersensitivity of cortical muscarinic receptors in Parkinson's disease demonstrated by PET. 757 37

Sixty-two patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease and 30 patients of a control group were clinically evaluated in the light of cognitive and/or psychic impairments according to DSM III-R, mini-mental state examination and Hamilton rating scale for depression. These patients were also submitted to electroencephalogram registration (EEG) with photic stimulation. From the parkinsonian group, 45.2% did not have mental manifestations as classified in the DSM III-R. Other 24.2% had depression, 14.5% had anxiety, 12.9% had dysthymic disorder and 3.2% had dementia. Considering the EEG, 58.1% of the parkinsonian patients had theta waves bilaterally, with predominance in frontal temporal or temporal areas, though more frequent on the left hemisphere than on the right one. Only 16.7% of the patients from the control group had these same findings in the EEG but neither of the two groups had their EEG modified by photic stimulation. The EEG findings were statistically significant when both groups were compared. However, these findings were not significant comparing parkinsonian patients with psychic impairment with the ones who did not have such impairments.
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PMID:[Cognitive disorders in Parkinson disease. Electroencephalographic correlations]. 757 93

Thirty patients with dementia defined by DSM-III-R criteria (Alzheimer's disease (22), vascular dementia (3), Parkinson's disease, frontal lobe dementia, possible diffuse Lewy body dementia, normal pressure hydrocephalus and uncertain diagnosis), with scores below 24 points in the Mini-Mental Status Examination and more than 4 years of education were submitted to a neuropsychological evaluation. The scores in the neuropsychological tests were compared to those obtained by thirty normal volunteers paired for age, sex and education. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the tests in the distinction of demented and normal volunteers were determined. The accuracies were calculated using ROC curves. Blessed's information-memory-concentration test showed greatest accuracy, followed by copy of simple figures, delayed memory of 10 figures (after 5 minutes), recognition of 10 figures and verbal fluency test (animals). A linear discriminant function, composed by 6 tests: visual perception, incidental memory, delayed memory (after 5 minutes), drawing of a clock, verbal fluency (animals) and calculation tests, was able to discriminate all controls from patients and only one patient was wrongly classified as normal control. These tests were chosen because they can be applied in less than 10 minutes and are very easy to interpret. This discriminant function must be applied in another group of patients and controls in order to demonstrate its value. When associated to the MMSE it may be useful to discriminate patients with dementia from normal people in epidemiological studies.
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PMID:[Neuropsychological tests of simple application for diagnosing dementia]. 761 36

We examined the frequency of dementia and depressive symptomatology in 60 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, identified in a large representative sample of the population, aged 65 years and older, living at home or in institutions in Gironde, France. Dementia, diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria, was present in 17.6%, and depressive symptomatology, assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, was present in 32.7%. The frequency of dementia in PD increased strongly with age and was higher in institutionalized PD patients than in those living at home. PD was significantly associated with dementia for individuals living at home (odds ratio = 8.2, adjusted for age and symptoms of depression.
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PMID:Dementia in Parkinson's disease: a population-based study in ambulatory and institutionalized individuals. 772 58


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