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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For decades Parkinson's disease has been considered to be limited to disturbed motor functions and its association with a cognitive deterioration is very recent. The frequency of cognitive decline varies according to the authors between 3% and 93% depending on the different criteria of evaluation. Owing to the discrepancy among the previous studies our object has been to determine the existence of cognitive changes of statistical significance, since even nowadays the relation between neuropsychology and physiopathology has been misunderstood. A total of 50 patients between 52 and 85 years old with Parkinson's disease have been neurological and neuropsychologically evaluated and the results correlated with 50 healthy controls. Patients, who presented clinical signs of demence according to the criteria of DSM III or any other neurological or general disease were excluded because of possible side effects on the motor cognitive phase. For the neuropsychological study Signoret's Battery of Cognitive Efficiency test (BEC 96) was used, it evaluates: the attention, orientation, thinking, memory, recognition, serial learning, fluency, naming and constructional functions. It was observed that all the patients with Parkinson's disease performed these tests worse than the controls, except for attention. From the statistical point of view the differences are highly significant (p < 0.001) for serial learning and constructional tests and significant (p < 0.05) for orientation, thinking fluency and naming. In the area of mnesic functions the patients with Parkinson's disease show an alteration that predominates significantly on serial learning, however, it is less important for logical memory. All the alterations correspond to the long term memory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Neuropsychologic evaluation in Parkinson disease]. 130 5

Amantadine is generally used in the prophylaxis of infection with influenza A, in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and in the treatment of neuroleptic side effects. In this study acute effects of amantadine infusions on event-related potentials (ERP) were studied in 20 mildly demented patients diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria. Each patient was treated, in randomized order, with 0.2 g amantadine-sulfate in 500 ml NaCl and 500 ml NaCl placebo, i.v. over one hour with an interval of two weeks in-between. ERPs were investigated in an auditory odd-ball paradigm before as well as 5 hours after the infusion. In addition to 17 EEG records, vertical and horizontal EOGs were recorded. After EOG-minimization and visual artifact rejection the peak latencies of the spatial average were determined by an automatic procedure. There was no effect of amantadine on ERP latencies. N1 of the non-target showed a trend towards amplitude augmentation, P2 amplitude was reduced. As compared to placebo, P300 amplitude of targets was significantly augmented by 3.1 microV (30% of pre-treatment value), confirming the hypothesis that amantadine may influence the P 300 amplitude in the sense of an improved availability of cognitive processing resources.
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PMID:Topographic mapping of long latency "cognitive" event-related potentials (P 300): a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with amantadine in mild dementia. 138 2

There has been some debate regarding abnormalities in visual evoked potentials (VEP) in Parkinson's disease (PD). To elucidate the mechanism causing abnormal VEP, we investigated the relationship between VEP and mental function in PD patients. Pattern reversal VEP was recorded in PD patients (n = 27) and age-matched control subjects (n = 14). PD patients consisted of two subgroups; PD without dementia (nD-PD; n = 17) and PD with dementia (D-PD; n = 10). Dementia was evaluated according to the criteria for dementia assigned in DSM III-R, and mental faculties were estimated by using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). In pattern VEP recordings, P100 latency and amplitude were measured for each eye stimulated. No patient or control subject had impairment of corrected visual acuity or ophthalmological disease. There was no significant difference in age among the three groups (D-PD, nD-PD and control subjects). D-PD patients showed significantly prolonged P100 latency compared to nD-PD patients and control subjects (p less than 0.05). With respect to P100 amplitude, no significant difference was shown among the three groups. In PD patients, there was a rough correlation between P100 latency and MMSE score. No correlation was found between P100 amplitude and MMSE score. In control subjects, P100 latency did not correlate with advancing age. In PD patients, nD-PD patients showed a significant correlation between P100 latency and age, whereas D-PD patients presented no correlation. Abnormal VEP in PD has been mostly ascribed to dopaminergic deficiency in the retina.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Correlation of visual evoked potentials with dementia in Parkinson's disease]. 152 4

Serial assessments of cognition, mood, and disability were carried out at nine month intervals over a 54 month period on a cohort of 87 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and a matched cohort of 50 control subjects. Dementia was diagnosed from data by rigorously applying DSM-III-R criteria. Initially, 6% (5/87) PD patients were demented, compared with none of the 50 control subjects. A further 10 PD patients met the dementia criteria during the follow up period; this was equivalent, with survival analysis, to a cumulative incidence of 19%. With the number of person years of observation as the denominator, the incidence was 47.6/1000 person years of observation. None of the control subjects fulfilled dementia criteria during the follow up period. The patients with PD who became demented during follow up were older at onset of Parkinson's disease than patients who did not become demented, had a longer duration of Parkinson's disease, and were older at inclusion to the study.
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PMID:A controlled, longitudinal study of dementia in Parkinson's disease. 164 Feb 32

Event-related potentials (ERPs) occurring in response to attended and unattended stimuli were studied in 31 patients with Parkinson's disease (mean age: 66.9 years), 9 patients with Alzheimer's disease (mean age: 73.6 years) and 37 normal subjects (mean age: 47.5 years). Of the 31 patients with Parkinson's disease, 6 met the criteria for dementia in DSM-III-R. ERPs were recorded during the performance of visual discrimination tasks using three kinds of stimuli: frequent non-target (62%), infrequent non-target (19%) and infrequent target (19%) stimuli. The P3a and P3b were identified as the components of the P3 (P300) responses to infrequent non-target stimuli and infrequent target stimuli. Both the P3a and P3b latencies were significantly prolonged with normal aging. Nine of the Parkinson's disease patients showed a P3b latency above the 95% confidence limit of the age estimated regression line, while only one patient showed a prolonged P3a latency. There was no significant correlation between the P3a and P3b latencies in the patients with Parkinson's disease, although a significant correlation was found in the normal subjects. There was a significant correlation between the P3b latency and Hasegawa's dementia scale (HDS) score although the P3a latency showed no correlation with HDS score. These results indicate that the P3a and P3b components have some differences. In demented patients with Parkinson's disease, the P3b latency was significantly longer than that in 15 age-matched normal subjects, although no significant difference was found in the P3a latency. On the other hand, patients with Alzheimer's disease showed a significant prolongation of both P3a and P3b latencies compared to the age-matched normal subjects. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in P3a latency between demented patients with Parkinson's disease and those with Alzheimer's disease. There were no significant differences in any of the amplitudes among these three groups. These results suggest that the automatic processing stage, as reflected by P3a, may be less impaired than attentional controlled processing reflected by P3b in patients with Parkinson's disease, and further indicate that there may be some differences in the changes of the cognitive process between patients with Parkinson's disease and those with Alzheimer's disease.
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PMID:[Cognitive processes in Parkinson's disease--an event-related potential analysis]. 179 43

Neuropsychological test performance was compared in 37 neuroleptic treated DSM-III schizophrenic patients, 27 untreated schizophrenic patients, and 27 normal controls. Neuroleptic treated patients performed significantly less well than untreated patients at recalling a complex figure, at planning on a mazes test, and had poorer fine motor coordination. Controls and untreated patients performed equally well on these tests. The results were not altered in 16 neuroleptic treated patients who had been prescribed low doses of benztropine, nor 38 patients who reported prior substance abuse. Similar cognitive impairments are observed in Parkinson's disease and are associated with dopaminergic antagonist drugs in schizophrenics. Therefore, they do not comprise part of the Schizophrenic Deficit State. Two tests were better performed by controls than patients. Reaction time was slower and more variable in both treated and untreated patient groups than controls. The recall of paraphrased passages was significantly poorer in both patient groups than controls, a finding that is robust in subgroups matched for IQ. Neuroleptic treatment was associated with significantly better performance on this test.
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PMID:Neuroleptic drug effects on cognitive function in schizophrenia. 198 Jun 13

Paquid is an epidemiological study designed to gather and follow up a cohort of 4,000 elderly subjects (65 years and older) living at home in order to study normal and pathological brain aging. These subjects were randomly chosen in the general population of 75 communities of South-Western France. We present the results of the data collected from 2,792 subjects on the prevalence and the correlates of clinically diagnosed dementia. The DSM III criteria for dementia were met by 101 subjects (3.62 p. 100). These cases were reviewed by a neurologist to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the cause of dementia using the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Forty-three subjects were classified as probable Alzheimer's disease; 8 as possible Alzheimer's disease; 5 as vascular dementia; 5 as Parkinson's disease with dementia; 2 as alcoholic dementia; 2 as "dementified psychosis"; and 1 unclassified. Fifteen patients refused to be examined by the neurologist, 18 were false-positives, and 2 died before the neurologists visit. Using the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, the prevalence of dementia was as low as 1.6 p. 100. The prevalence of probable Alzheimer's disease decreased dramatically as educational level increased, lung 5.4 p. 100 for subjects with no education, 1.7 p. 100 for subjects with grade school level, 0.4 p. 100 for subjects with high school level and 0.4 p. 100 for subjects with university degrees. The relationship between dementia and educational level is still controversial in the literature. In this study the sample was large and randomly selected; all the demented cases fulfilled the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. This suggests that educational level is indeed an important correlate of dementia in the French elderly community.
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PMID:[The Paquid research program on the epidemiology of dementia. Methods and initial results]. 206 70

To study the prevalence and importance of anxiety disorders in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, the authors systematically evaluated 24 parkinsonian patients for the presence of DSM-III-R axis I syndromes. Nine subjects (38%) had a clinically significant current anxiety disorder. Severity of anxiety was not correlated with severity of parkinsonian symptoms, cumulative duration of L-dopa exposure, or current dose of L-dopa. These findings suggest that anxiety disorders should be considered in the medical evaluation and treatment of parkinsonian patients and that further attention should be paid to the role of the dopaminergic system in anxiety and phobic disorders.
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PMID:Anxiety disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease. 198 32

The relative incidence of the major types of dementia disorders and the agreement rates between clinical and pathological diagnosis were analysed in consecutive autopsy series of 675 demented subjects from 3 hospitals (mean age 79.5 years, SD 9.6). Clinical assessment followed the DSM-III and ICD-9-NA criteria and NINCDS/ADRDA criteria for probable Alzheimer disease (AD) (McKhann et al. 1984), histological criteria for the diagnosis of AD those of the NIH/AARP Work Group (Khachaturian 1985) using a 4-degree rating scale for plaques and tangles in neocortex and hippocampus (Morris et al. 1988), and the criteria by Tierney et al. (1988) for 'pure' AD. Vascular dementia (MID) and other disorders were diagnosed according to current pathologic criteria. Clinical diagnosis of AD/SDAT was made in 59.2%, of MID in 21.7%, of mixed AD + MID in 3.1%, and of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other disorders in 16%. At autopsy, 76.7% fulfilled histological criteria for AD/SDAT, but only 60% were 'pure' forms, while 8.2% had additional features of PD and 7.9% coexisting vascular lesions indicating mixed SDAT + MID. 15.7% were MID with no or very little AD pathology, 7.4% other CNS disorders. 0.3% of the brains showed no abnormality beyond age-related changes. AD/SDAT had its highest incidence in a psychiatric population, MID and PD + SDAT in general and geriatric hospital cohorts. The overall coincidence rates for clinical and pathological diagnosis of AD/SDAT were 85.2%, for MIX and MID 60.5-61.9%, but only 51% for PD-PD/AD. These data and the results of other recent studies emphasize the need for more appropriate clinical and pathological criteria in the diagnosis of the dementias.
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PMID:Clinicopathological analysis of dementia disorders in the elderly. 235 19

We followed up, after 3 1/2 years, a whole population cohort of 249 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 1st examined in 1983 to 1984. Of the survivors, 23.6% qualified for a DSM III-R diagnosis of dementia. In univariate tests, age, certain items of the Webster scale, the Hoehn and Yahr scale, a 10-question mental status questionnaire, and a history of smoking were associated with a diagnosis of dementia 3 1/2 years later. Logistic regression with DSM III-R diagnosis (demented versus nondemented) as the dependent variable, and age and symptom scales for PD as predictor variables, revealed that PD symptoms predicted dementia even after controlling for age. We conclude that dementia is probably more common in PD patients than would be expected in the general population and is associated with the severity of PD symptoms and signs independently of age.
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PMID:Clinical features predicting dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a follow-up study. 238 29


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