Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

"Dose failures" and "delayed on" phenomena following an intake of levodopa dose in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with motor fluctuations may be caused by stagnation of poorly soluble levodopa in the atonic stomach. Etilevodopa is a unique, highly soluble prodrug of levodopa. When ingested, etilevodopa is more readily dissolved in the stomach than levodopa. It passes unchanged through the stomach to the duodenum, where it is rapidly hydrolyzed by local esterases and rapidly absorbed as levodopa. To compare the pharmacokinetics of three different modes of etilevodopa/carbidopa administration with standard levodopa/carbidopa tablets in fluctuating PD patients, 29 patients with PD and response fluctuations were enrolled in an open-label, randomized, four-way crossover study of single doses of 4 treatments: swallowed etilevodopa/carbidopa tablets, etilevodopa/carbidopa tablets dissolved in water, etilevodopa oral solution with carbidopa tablets, and standard levodopa/carbidopa tablets. To measure the maximal concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (tmax), and area under the curve (AUC) of plasma levodopa, etilevodopa, and carbidopa, blood samples were drawn before drug administration and at intervals up to 240 minutes thereafter. Plasma levodopa tmax was significantly shorter with all three modes of administration of etilevodopa (mean of about 30 minutes) than with levodopa treatment (mean of 54 minutes). During the first 45 minutes after drug ingestion, plasma levodopa AUC was significantly greater after etilevodopa administration than after levodopa administration. Levodopa AUC for 0 to 1 hour and 0 to 2 hours were also significantly greater following administration of etilevodopa/carbidopa swallowed tablets than following administration of levodopa/carbidopa tablets. Mean levodopa Cmax was in the range 2.3 to 2.7 microg/mL for all treatments. Levodopa Cmax was significantly greater following treatment with etilevodopa swallowed tablets than with levodopa tablets. Etilevodopa/carbidopa was well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to that of levodopa/carbidopa. The shorter levodopa tmax observed with etilevodopa potentially translates to a shorter time to "on". Clinical trials with etilevodopa/carbidopa tablets should be carried out in PD patients with response fluctuations such as "delayed on" and "dose failures".
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of etilevodopa compared to levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease: an open-label, randomized, crossover study. 1464 13

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of central nervous system (CNS) that impaired the patient motor skills, speech and other functions. Adenosine A2A receptors have a unique cellular distribution in the neuron, which is used as a potential target for PD. Homology modeling was used to construct the 3-D structure of A2A using the known template (PDB: 2VT4), and the stereochemical quality was validated. Several effective antagonist drugs were selected and active amino acid residues in A2A were targeted on the basis of robust binding affinity between protein-drug interactions in molecular docking. Six antagonists, Bromocriptine, Cabergoline, Etilevodopa, Lysuride, Melevodopa and Pramipexole, were found more potent for binding and the active amino acids residues were identified (http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/) in A2A receptor. It could be used as the basis for rationale designing of novel antagonist drugs against Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Homology modeling of adenosine A2A receptor and molecular docking for exploration of appropriate potent antagonists for treatment of Parkinson's disease. 2002 7