Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in CSF were measured in patients with Parkinson's disease (n = 14) and sex-matched controls (n = 14). One patient underwent a spinal tap before and after treatment. The mean (+/- SD) CSF GABA levels were 200 +/- 70 pmole/mL in controls and 121 +/- 52 pmole/mL in patients with Parkinson's disease. In the untreated patients with Parkinson's disease, the CSF GABA level was 95 +/- 31 pmole/mL (n = 7) and in those who were treated with levodopa and carbidopa the level was 144 +/- 53 pmole/mL (n = 8). No significant difference was seen in plasma GABA levels between the controls and patients with Parkinson's disease. The decreased GABA level in CSF, which was elevated by levodopa, supports the concept that in Parkinson's disease, the GABA-dopamine interaction in the substantia nigra may be an important compensatory mechanism counteracting the dopamine neuronal loss.
 ...
PMID:Low CSF gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in Parkinson's Disease. Effect of levodopa and carbidopa. 710 67

Patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with different antiparkinsonian drugs and the amino acid levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were determined. Results obtained in 43 patients (L-dopa [26]; prodipine [6]; amantadine [11]) are reported. All drugs investigated produced an increase in amino acids in serum and in CSF, this enhancement being most pronounced for neutral, long-chain amino acids. Amantadine, however, showed this effect for a short period, only. Our results lead us to assume that this increased pool of amino acids in the CSF facilities the biosynthesis of amines with transmitter function from their precursor amino acids.
 ...
PMID:[Comparison between the effects of L-dopa, prodipine and amantadine on the serum and CSF amino acid levels in Parkinson's disease (author's transl)]. 722 2

It is controversial if early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) (onset at < 41 years of age) is Parkinson's disease (PD) occurring at a younger age or a different disease. This controversy is due to some clinical and pathological differences between EOPD and PD. Within EOPD, there appear to be two groups namely: young onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD), with onset between 21 and 40 years, and juvenile parkinsonism (JP), with onset at < 20 years. The two major clinical differences between these groups are a higher familial occurrence of PD and dystonia in JP. In this study, we determine if the two groups have the classical features of PD, namely rest tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, and have a meaningful response to levodopa. Furthermore, we compare their other clinical features, autonomic and cognitive functions, and levels of CSF monoamine metabolites to determine differences between these groups. We observe that all YOPD (100%) and JP (85%) patients had rest tremors. Most of these patients also had a meaningful response to levodopa (YOPD: 72%; JP: 100%). The prevalence of family history of PD was similar, whereas dystonia was more frequent in JP (43%) compared to YOPD (9%). Autonomic symptoms were twice as common in JP (42%) compared to YOPD (17%). However, bedside autonomic functions were abnormal in similar proportions and, like in PD, suggest involvement of parasympathetic nervous system. Cognitive dysfunction does occur but with no difference in severity between the two groups. The difference in number of patients between YOPD and JP groups makes statistical comparison of the occurrence of clinical features like dystonia and autonomic dysfunction difficult.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Early onset Parkinson's disease: are juvenile- and young-onset different? 752 83

The motor performance of 10 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) was clinically assessed with the aid of a computer assisted optoelectronic movement analysis system (Mac Reflex). We used the Posturo Locomotion Manual (PLM) method that gives a quantitative estimation of the postural, locomotor and manual performance in freely moving humans. Measurements were done before intervention, after CSF tap test and 3 months post installation of a CSF ventriculo peritoneal shunt. Comparison was made to data from 10 matched normal subjects and 10 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Shunt operation of the NPH patients and l-dopa treatment of the Parkinson patients improved the motor performance to a comparable degree. However, while the NPH patients improved the speed in the PLM test after the operation, the PD patients also improved the co-ordination after l-dopa treatment. This could indicate a different mechanism behind the improvement of motor performance in NPH and PD after intervention.
 ...
PMID:Motor performance in normal pressure hydrocephalus assessed with an optoelectronic measurement technique. 757 47

The DRD4 dopamine receptor is thus far unique among neurotransmitter receptors in having a highly polymorphic gene structure that has been reported to produce altered receptor functioning. These allelic variations are caused by a 48-bp segment in exon III of the coding region which may be repeated from 2-10 times. Varying the numbers of repeated segments changes the length, structure, and, possibly, the functional efficiency of the receptor, which makes this gene an intriguing candidate for variations in dopamine-related behaviors, such as alcoholism and drug abuse. Thus far, these DRD4 alleles have been investigated for association with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Parkinson's disease, and chronic alcoholism, and all have been largely negative for a direct association. We evaluated the DRD4 genotype in 226 Finish adult males, 113 of whom were alcoholics, many of the early onset type with features of impulsivity and antisocial traits. Genotype frequencies were compared to 113 Finnish controls who were free of alcohol abuse, substance abuse, and major mental illness. In 70 alcoholics and 20 controls, we measured CSF homovanillic acid (HVA), the major metabolite of dopamine, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). No association was found between a particular DRD4 dopamine receptor allele and alcoholism. CSF concentrations of the monoamine metabolites showed no significant difference among the DRD4 genotypes. This study of the DRD4 dopamine receptor in alcoholics is the first to be conducted in a clinically and ethnically homogeneous population and to relate the DRD4 genotype to CSF monoamine concentrations. The results indicate that there is no association of the DRD4 receptor with alcoholism.
 ...
PMID:DRD4 dopamine receptor genotype and CSF monoamine metabolites in Finnish alcoholics and controls. 757 71

1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1BnTIQ) was detected as a novel endogenous amine in mouse brain and parkinsonian CSF by using the gas chromatography-selected ion-monitoring method. The level of 1BnTIQ was very high in CSF of some parkinsonian patients compared with that of controls with other neurological diseases, the mean value being three times higher (parkinsonians: 1.17 +/- 0.35 ng/ml of CSF, n = 18; vs. controls: 0.40 +/- 0.10 ng/ml of CSF, n = 11; mean +/- SEM, not significantly different). The pole test, a toxicological examination to evaluate behavior abnormalities related to Parkinson's disease, was used to examine the pharmacological effect of 1BnTIQ in mice. Repeated administration of 1BnTIQ induced behavior abnormalities, which pretreatment with 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline could prevent. We suggest that 1BnTIQ may be related to the idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
 ...
PMID:1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline as a parkinsonism-inducing agent: a novel endogenous amine in mouse brain and parkinsonian CSF. 759 60

Though depletion of CSF homovanillic acid (HVA) concentration has often been regarded as a direct indicator of dopamine (DA) deficiency in Parkinson's Disease (PD), CSF HVA is normal in mildly affected patients. To explore why, we measured DA and its metabolites in striatum and CSF in rabbits receiving reserpine for 5 days. Reserpine, which depletes striatal DA by disrupting vesicular storage of the neurotransmitter, results in a compensatory increase of DA turnover. In response to a 96% depletion of striatal DA, its catabolic intermediates 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) decreased 64% and 92% in striatum, although the endproduct, HVA, was unchanged. In contrast, CSF concentrations of HVA and DOPAC increased significantly, though 3-MT and levodopa (LD) were unaltered. A 5-fold rise in striatal LD concentration after reserpine-induced DA depletion provided evidence for enhanced DA synthesis. As in PD, the compensatory increase of DA synthesis after reserpine administration confounds the ability of CSF HVA to reflect DA depletion.
 ...
PMID:Markers of dopamine depletion and compensatory response in striatum and cerebrospinal fluid. 760 89

We studied visual (VEP) and brainstem auditory (BAEP) evoked potential changes in 23 patients with early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) to establish the nature of the changes as well as their relationship to dopaminergic (DA) and serotonergic (5-HT) disturbances, as determined by cerebrospinal fluid levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). We also compared these parameters between the young onset (YOPD) and juvenile Parkinsonism (JP), the two subgroups of EOPD, to look for any possible differences between the two. In EOPD, the mean P100 latency of the VEP was significantly prolonged compared to controls (p < 0.001). However, within EOPD the evoked potential parameters were not significantly different between YOPD and the JP subgroups. P100 latency was abnormal in six patients (YOPD: 5, JP: 1) (26%). Six patients (YOPD: 3, JP:3) (26%) had abnormal BAEP. A significant negative correlation (r: -0.89, p < 1%) was observed between the P100 latency and CSF HVA levels. No correlation was observed between the BAEP interpeak latencies and either CSF HVA or 5-HIAA levels. This study suggests that VEP and BAEP abnormalities do occur in EOPD (in both YOPD and JP), and that the prolongation of P100 latency is secondary to DA deficiency as in PD. The cause of BAEP abnormalities is probably independent of DA and 5-HT disturbances. The only difference between EOPD and classical PD was the higher incidence of BAEP abnormalities in EOPD. There was no correlation between the VEP or BAEP changes to either the age at onset or duration of EOPD.
 ...
PMID:Visual and auditory evoked potentials in early onset Parkinson's disease and their relationship to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites. 768 76

Iron is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of both Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We measured ferritin, which is considered to be the iron storage protein, in CSF of patients with PD, AD, and multiple system atrophy (MSA) as well as control subjects. We found a significant increase in CSF ferritin in AD compared with both PD and age-matched controls. No significant differences were found between PD patients with dementia (PDD) and non-demented PD patients. For non-demented PD patients a positive correlation between CSF ferritin and age was found. Our results may indicate that iron has a role in the pathophysiology of AD.
 ...
PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid ferritin levels of patients with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple system atrophy. 771 Jun 63

We report the possible existence of an inhibitory factor in the CSF of Parkinson's disease patients that inhibits the function and growth of dopaminergic neurons in rat mesencephalic culture. After 40 hours' exposure to the < 10 kd fraction of CSF from PD patients, the high-affinity dopamine uptake was 66% of that of cultures exposed to CSF from controls. However, the number of dopaminergic neurons remained unchanged at this time. After 90 hours' exposure to the < 10 kd fraction of CSF from PD patients, the number of dopaminergic neurons decreased to 10% of that in cultures exposed to CSF from controls, and the size of the remaining dopaminergic neurons in the culture became smaller. This inhibitory factor did not affect the growth of other types of neurons. The chemical nature of this inhibitory factor is under investigation.
 ...
PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease patients inhibits the growth and function of dopaminergic neurons in culture. 782 4


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>