Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 78-year-old woman with Parkinson disease developed tense bullous lesions on the chest, arms, and in the groin that were diagnosed as bullous pemphigoid. Histologic examination, as well as immunofluorescence tests, confirmed this diagnosis. The possibility of a drug-induced disease was considered because she was taking seven different medications. Furosemide (Lasix) was suspected primarily. Complete clearing occurred with prednisone therapy, but readministration of furosemide resulted in bulla formation.
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PMID:Occurrence of bullous pemphigoid after furosemide therapy. 110 5

Two siblings of juvenile parkinson's disease dystonic type (JPA Yokochi type 3) and hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation (Segawa, HPD) were reported. The family had consanguinity. The elder brother suffered from resting tremor of legs, left foot dystonia and left pes equinovarus at the age of 12 years and 5 months. At the age of 15, he developed tremor and rigidity of upper extremities. These symptoms did not show diurnal fluctuation and markedly responded to L-dopa treatment. He implicated wearing-off phenomenon at the age of 16, and on-off phenomenon and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia at the age of 18. He was diagnosed as JPA Yokochi type 3. The younger brother suffered from left pes equinovarus, right scoliosis and foot dystonia at the age of 8 years. These symptoms showed remarkable diurnal fluctuation, which ameliorated after sleep or rest and worsened afternoon. He noticed fine postural tremor of upper extremities at psychological tense state and right pes varus at the age of 16. He received L-dopa at the age of 17 and became to be remission. He was diagnosed as HPD. Since these two disorders related to basal ganglia show similar clinical symptoms mainly consisting of foot dystonia and similar clinicopharmacological response to L-dopa, it has been assumed that shared abnormalities in pathomechanism can exist between them. This study indicates that the same gene-regulated abnormality may participate in the development of these two disorders.
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PMID:[Two siblings of juvenile Parkinson's disease dystonic type (Yokochi type 3) and hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation (Segawa)]. 280 13

Mood disorders are common in patients with neurodegenerative disease. Accurate diagnosis and assessment of mood changes are a crucial requirement for establishing reliable correlations with functional neuroanatomical changes, investigating their causes, and establishing effective treatment strategies. However, differential diagnosis of mood disorders is difficult in elderly patients with aphasia, impaired emotional expression, and other cognitive and neurobehavioral impairments. Although specific assessment of internal mood state would improve diagnostic accuracy, most standardized measures of mood are not appropriate for this population. The Visual Analog Mood Scales (VAMS) are valid, standardized measures, developed specifically for neurologically impaired patients, which assess eight moods: sad, happy, tense, afraid, tired, energetic, confused, and angry. The utility of these very brief scales is presented, as are specific recommendations and guidelines for the diagnosis of depression and other mood disorders in patients with neurodegenerative disease, such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, and stroke.
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PMID:Assessment of Mood States in Neurodegenerative Disease: Methodological Issues and Diagnostic Recommendations. 1032 Apr 34

The Declarative/Procedural Model of Pinker, Ullman and colleagues claims that the basal ganglia are part of a fronto-striatal procedural memory system which applies grammatical rules to combine morphemes (the smallest meaningful units in language) into complex words (e.g. talk-ed, talk-ing). We tested this claim by investigating whether striatal damage or loss of its dopaminergic innervation is reliably associated with selective regular past tense deficits in patients with subcortical cerebrovascular damage, Parkinson's disease or Huntington's disease. We focused on past tense morphology since this allows us to contrast the regular past tense (jump-jumped), which is rule-based, with the irregular past tense (sleep-slept), which is not. We used elicitation and priming tasks to test patients' ability to comprehend and produce inflected forms. We found no evidence of a consistent association between striatal dysfunction and selective impairment of regular past tense morphology, suggesting that the basal ganglia are not essential for processing the regular past tense as a sequence of morphemes, either in comprehension or production, in contrast to the claims of the Declarative/Procedural Model. All patient groups showed normal activation of semantic and morphological representations in comprehension, despite difficulties suppressing semantically appropriate alternatives when trying to inflect novel verbs. This is consistent with previous reports that striatal dysfunction spares automatic activation of linguistic information, but disrupts later language processes that require inhibition of competing alternatives.
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PMID:The basal ganglia and rule-governed language use: evidence from vascular and degenerative conditions. 1565 23

An 80-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a spontaneously appearing bullous dermatosis limited to the soles of both feet, causing an intense pruritus. She also suffered from Parkinson's disease and depression, and had been treated with levodopa, benserazide, and mirtazapine for several years. On clinical examination, we found several tense and hemorrhagic bullae, with a diameter of up to 3 cm, at both plantar sites and multiple, confluent, dyshidrotic vesicles ( Figs 1 and 2). The rest of the skin, including the mucous membranes and palms, was normal. The first clinical diagnosis was podopompholyx, but histopathologic findings and direct immunofluorescence revealed a diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid, showing subepidermal blisters (Fig. 3) and linear deposits of C3 and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Indirect immunofluorescence was positive, the IgG autoantibodies bound to the epidermal site of salt-split skin, and circulating antibodies against bullous pemphigoid antigens 1 and 2 were found. Because of this typical clinical picture, a diagnosis of dyshidrotic pemphigoid, a localized form of bullous pemphigoid, was made. Under systemic treatment with prednisolone, 40 mg/day, the skin healed completely within 2 weeks. Descriptions of dyshidrotic pemphigoid limited to the soles of both feet are very rare, and the clinical findings might easily lead to a misdiagnosis of podopompholyx.
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PMID:Localized pemphigoid on the soles of both feet. 1581 Oct 84

Rigid and introverted personality type has been suggested as possibly associated with risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, to be a risk, the measurement of personality must precede the onset of PD, more than simply reported as personality in PD cases. Several reviews have been published examining the literature base for this suggestion; however, the issue of "premorbid" personality measurement was not emphasized. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PSYCHINFO databases were searched for existing systematic reviews or meta-analyses, and none were found that fulfilled this criterion. The databases were searched systematically for primary research articles. Articles without robust methodology were excluded based on published quality scoring criteria. No articles met all selection criteria. Four articles met most selection criteria and three of them reported significant differences in personality features said to be present before PD onset and between PD cases and controls. PD cases were more introverted, cautious, socially alert, and tense than controls. Although the instruments used to characterize personality varied widely across studies, the general descriptions of PD patients included nervous, cautious, rigid, and conventional. There do appear to be parkinsonian characteristics, but these studies were all retrospective. To confirm that personality traits precede PD onset and are a risk for this condition, prospective research is required. Even then, the term "premorbid" is difficult to define due to the unknown latent period before onset of PD. Additional research would involve correlating personality characteristics to activities or changes in the brain.
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PMID:What is the evidence for a premorbid parkinsonian personality: a systematic review. 1675 53

This study assessed the concurrent validity of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (Ham-A) for evaluating anxiety in a group of 46 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The magnitude of correlations between the scales was high (all p<0.01), indicating a good concurrent validity. The item-by item analysis indicated that the main characteristics of anxiety in PD patients were 'inability to relax', 'restlessness or inability to feel calm' and 'feeling tense'. The association between anxiety, as measured by the HADS-A, with demographic characteristics or clinical features of PD was not significant, supporting existing data suggesting that anxiety in PD is not closely correlated with the severity of motor symptoms or the degree of disability. The HADS-A may be the most appropriate scale for documenting patient-reported anxiety in depression.
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PMID:Evaluation of anxiety in Parkinson's disease with some commonly used rating scales. 1797 42

A growing number of studies suggest that language problems in Parkinson's disease (PD) are a result of executive dysfunction. To test this hypothesis we compared Dutch verb production in sentence context in a group of 28 PD patients with a control group consisting of 28 healthy participants matched for age, gender and education. All subjects were assessed on both verb production in sentence context as well as on cognitive functions relevant for sentence processing. PD patients scored lower than healthy controls on the verb production ability-scale and showed a response pattern in which performance was worse (1) in base than in derived position; (2) in present than in past tense; (3) for intransitive than in transitive verbs. For the PD group the score on the verb production ability-scale correlated significantly with set-switching and working memory. These results provide support for previous research suggesting that executive dysfunctions underlie the performance of the PD patients on verb production. It is furthermore suggested that because of failing automaticity, PD patients rely more on the cortically represented executive functions. Unfortunately, due to the disturbed intimate relation between the basal ganglia and the frontal cortex, these executive functions are also dysfunctional.
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PMID:The impact of executive functions on verb production in patients with Parkinson's disease. 1930 93

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) and psoriasis vulgaris represent two clinically well characterized, inflammatory, chronic skin diseases. A 62 years old female patient, from rural areas, was admitted for the presence of erythematous plaques covered by large tense blisters with clear fluid, located symmetrically on the anterior part of the upper limbs, the trunk, the neck and the lower limbs. Also the lesions were intense itching. Lesions occurred three days before presentation at the clinic. Medical history revealed psoriasis diagnosed 28 years ago, breast cancer treated with surgery, radio and chemotherapy three years ago and Parkinson's disease diagnosed 3 weeks prior to presentation to the dermatology clinic. Histopathology examination revealed: atrophic epidermis with subepidermal presence of a blister containing numerous eosinophils and neutrophils. In the papillary dermis neutrophils and eosinophils predominantly vascular. Bullous pemphigoid has multiple etiology. Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune subepidermal bullous dermatosis which may be associated with psoriasis. Medical literature and cases reported in dermatology journals claim that bullous pemphigoid is often associated with psoriasis, though the immunogenetical and immunopathologycal mecanismes are still not known. Our patient has three different diseases but their etiology and pathogenesis can interfere.
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PMID:Bullous pemphigoid associated with psoriasis, breast cancer and Parkinson's disease. 2479 Dec 9

Parkinson's disease (PD), which involves basal ganglia degeneration, affects language as well as motor function. However, which aspects of language are impaired in PD and under what circumstances remains unclear. We examined whether lexical and grammatical aspects of language are differentially affected in PD, and whether this dissociation is moderated by sex as well as the degree of basal ganglia degeneration. Our predictions were based on the declarative/procedural model of language. The model posits that grammatical composition, including in regular inflection, depends importantly on left basal ganglia procedural memory circuits, whereas irregular and other lexicalized forms are memorized in declarative memory. Since females tend to show declarative memory advantages as compared to males, the model further posits that females should tend to rely on this system for regulars, which can be stored as lexicalized chunks. We tested non-demented male and female PD patients and healthy control participants on the intensively studied paradigm of English regular and irregular past-tense production. Mixed-effects regression revealed PD deficits only at regular inflection, only in male patients. The degree of left basal ganglia degeneration, as reflected by right-side hypokinesia, predicted only regular inflection, and only in male patients. Left-side hypokinesia did not show this pattern. Past-tense frequency effects suggested that the female patients retrieved regular as well as irregular past-tense forms from declarative memory, whereas the males retrieved only irregulars. Sensitivity analyses showed that the pattern of findings was robust. The results, which are consistent with the declarative/procedural model, suggest a grammatical deficit in PD due to left basal ganglia degeneration, with a relative sparing of lexical retrieval. Female patients appear to compensate for this deficit by relying on chunks stored in declarative memory. More generally, the study elucidates the neurocognition of inflectional morphology and provides evidence that sex can influence how language is computed in the mind and brain.
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PMID:Can sex influence the neurocognition of language? Evidence from Parkinson's disease. 3297 Oct 96


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