Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have been interested in the application of quantitative measures of motor performance as a possible means of early detection of Parkinson's disease. To assess motor function, we have measured movement time (the physiologic correlate of bradykinesia) and reaction time (simple and directional choice) with an upper limb motor task, and tremor with accelerometry and electromyographic recordings. In this report we describe preliminary data from a Parkinson's disease patient group with symptoms of fewer than 2 years' average duration (compared with an age- and gender-matched normal control group) which indicate that precise, quantitative tests of motor function can detect the slight deviations from normal that are present in early Parkinson's disease. It appears that tests of bradykinesia are most sensitive, and detection of rest tremor is most specific. These tests may be applicable in screening individuals who are suspected of having or are "at risk for" Parkinson's disease and other related disorders.
 ...
PMID:Electrophysiologic analysis of early Parkinson's disease. 189 42

Disaggregated ventral mesencephalic tissue from single aborted human fetuses of 11 to 18 weeks' gestation was implanted stereotaxically into a consistent striatal site in 12 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. All were receiving optimum levodopa therapy and were examined preoperatively and at 3,6,9, and 12 months postoperatively. Immunosuppression was not used. There were significant sustained improvements at 12 months in three patients; motor fluctuations were absent in two. There were modest group improvements up to 6 months, with increased quality of "on" and "off" phases, quantity of on times, and specific improvements in contralateral upper limb bradykinesia. Preoperative levodopa requirements were reduced to a mean of 64% at 6 months and 61% at 12 months. Deterioration below baseline ratings occurred in three of nine patients who had consistent follow-up to 12 months. Grafting of midgestational human fetal tissue can lead to improvement in Parkinson's disease. Individual disease severity may be critical, and further trials are needed to identify host factors influencing outcome.
 ...
PMID:Implantation of human fetal ventral mesencephalon to the right caudate nucleus in advanced Parkinson's disease. 189 56

We have been interested in the application of quantitative measures of motor performance as a possible means of early detection of Parkinson's disease. To assess motor function, we have measured movement time (the physiologic correlate of bradykinesia) and reaction time (simple and directional choice) with an upper limb motor task, and tremor with accelerometry and electromyographic recordings. In this report we describe preliminary data from a Parkinson's disease patient group with symptoms of fewer than 2 years' average duration (compared with an age- and gender-matched normal control group) which indicate that precise, quantitative tests of motor function can detect the slight deviations from normal that are present in early Parkinson's disease. It appears that tests of bradykinesia are most sensitive, and detection of rest tremor is most specific. These tests may be applicable in screening individuals who are suspected of having or are "at risk for" Parkinson's disease and other related disorders.
 ...
PMID:Electrophysiologic analysis of early Parkinson's disease. 189 46

Parkinson's disease affects thousands of Americans, men and women equally and apparently with little regard to race. Its diagnosis depends largely on repeated clinical observations of representative signs, such as resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and gait disturbances. Patients progress through stages: Early disease involves only one limb or side and confers minimal disability, but advanced disease restricts patients to full care. Treatment is chosen on the basis of disease stage and patient response. Combination carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet) is appropriate for any significant degree of disability, and other antiparkinsonian drugs and anticholinergic agents may be used as adjuncts. Electroconvulsive therapy, use of selegiline hydrochloride (Eldepryl), and surgery are still undergoing investigation but may hold promise.
 ...
PMID:Treating the progressive stages of Parkinson's disease. 190 7

The present study compares 30 patients who developed idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) at the age of 48 years or younger and 47 patients who developed the disease at the age of 68 years or older. PD patients with early onset had rigidity and bradykinesia as the predominant features at onset and during the course of the illness. In contrast older onset patients exhibited more often tremor at the beginning while later in the course most of them developed the full triad of symptoms i.e. tremor-rigidity-bradykinesia. In spite of such differences the overall disability status did not differ between the two groups of patients. An additional observation was that the early onset patients were apter to show earlier and more often abnormal movements and response fluctuations related to the L-Dopa therapy.
 ...
PMID:Clinical observations in early and late onset Parkinson's disease. 191 56

High-speed memory scanning (Sternberg paradigm) was tested in a collective of 20 parkinsonian patients (10 newly diagnosed, untreated patients, duration of the disease 0.5-3.8, mean 1.5 years; 10 levodopa-treated patients, duration of the disease 4.2 to 11, mean 7.6 years). The levodopa-treated patients stopped taking levodopa before the test. There was a tendency towards retarded memory scanning in the patients' collective compared with 20 healthy controls with similar ages and verbal IQs (p = 0.076, Mann-Whitney U test). The mental slowing correlated significantly with bradykinesia and the sum-score of the Columbia University Parkinson Rating Scale (p = 0.021 and 0.019; Spearman rank correlation). Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA revealed a significant mental slowing in the subgroup of patients with Parkinson's disease for greater than 4 years compared with the newly diagnosed patients and the controls (H = 8.54; p = 0.019 and 0.006, Mann-Whitney U test). The findings suggest a mental slowing in Parkinson's disease, which is associated with the progression of parkinsonian motor symptoms and not with depression.
 ...
PMID:Slowing of high-speed memory scanning in Parkinson's disease is related to the severity of parkinsonian motor symptoms. 196 55

A modified primate model of Parkinson's disease was developed to assess the effectiveness of various agents that act via dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin or glutamate systems. Using a MPTP dosing regimen a reversible parkinsonian-like syndrome was produced in the marmoset. An obvious advantage of such a protocol is that it allows multiple drug studies to be undertaken in animals, without the need for prolonged anti-parkinsonian therapy to maintain their health. Results show that dopamine D2 agonists (bromocriptine, quinpirole, N,N-dipropyl,A,5,6-DTN, (+)3PPP and PHNO), anti-muscarinics (atropine, scopolamine and benztropine), in addition to L-DOPA and nomifensine, all reduced the bradykinesia induced by MPTP. The D1 agonist SKF-38393 and the partial dopamine agonist (-)3PPP were both ineffective. Finally, agents with potential therapeutic use in Parkinson's disease were also tested. However, a glutamate antagonist (MK801) and three serotonin antagonists (ritanserin, ketanserin and ICI 170,809) were all unable to alter the MPTP effects, at the doses used in our study.
 ...
PMID:Effects of classical and novel agents in a MPTP-induced reversible model of Parkinson's disease. 197 76

It has been proposed that initiation of anti-Parkinson therapy with continuous release formulations of Sinemet might prevent or delay the development of adverse effects associated with chronic levodopa therapy employed in standard formulations. In anticipation of a prospective study comparing Sinemet to Sinemet CR in previously untreated Parkinson's disease patients, we evaluated Sinemet CR as primary therapy in 45 levodopa-naive Parkinson's disease patients in a 12 week, open-label, multi-center study. At the conclusion of the study, optimal results were obtained with levodopa administered as Sinemet CR in a total daily dose of 497 mg divided into 2.4 doses per day. Statistically significant improvement compared to baseline was observed for total Parkinson's score as well as each of rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia, gait and postural stability. Statistically significant improvement was also noted in total disability as well as in each of its components. Adverse experiences were mild and transient and no significant laboratory abnormalities were encountered. We conclude that a daily dose of 1 to 1.5 tablets b.i.d. of Sinemet CR as primary therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease is well tolerated and provides effective therapy.
 ...
PMID:An open multicenter trial of Sinemet CR in levodopa-naive Parkinson's disease patients. 207 Mar 63

Autotransplantation of adrenal medullary tissue to the right caudate nucleus was performed in 8 patients (6 men and 2 women) with Parkinson's disease demonstrating mainly rigidity and bradykinesia. Their mean age was 52 years. The mean duration of Parkinson's disease was 7 years. Left adrenalectomy and open craniotomy were done to implant medullary tissue into the right caudate nucleus. The 6-month clinical findings were evaluated. 5 cases showed improvement, 2 cases remained unchanged and 1 was worse. There was no operative mortality, but 1 patient developed right frontal infarction postoperatively and 2 patients demonstrated subdural hygroma.
 ...
PMID:Adrenal medullary transplantation for Parkinson's disease. 208 Mar 48

Motor impairment, clinically defined as bradykinesia has been considered as resulting only from motor system problems. Combined analysis of cognitive function and dynamic characteristics was studied in 20 patients with Parkinson's disease by a simple aiming task on visuomotor performance system. The dynamic characteristics in a Parkinson's disease patient was evaluated by two parameters: decreased amplitude of the voluntary movement (= low gain constant) and delayed initiation of voluntary movement (= long reaction time). The visual event-related potential elicited in a target detection paradigm (P300 component) was recorded in 12 patients with Parkinson's disease. P300 latency was significantly prolonged in the patient group than in the normal control group (p less than 0.05). P300 has been shown to be intimately related to the cognitive process in the human brain and might well serve as a tool to monitor and evaluate the cognitive state in a clinical situation. The main cause of cognitive involvement in Parkinson's disease may include coexisting dementia and defective motivation. This type of cognitive disturbance may also serve partly as a cause of bradykinesia.
 ...
PMID:Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease assessed by visuomotor performance system and P300 potential. 208 97


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>