Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Weakness and fatigue in the orofacial system often are presumed to contribute to the dysarthria associated with neuromotor disorders, although previous research findings are equivocal. In this study, tongue strength, endurance, and stability during a sustained submaximal effort were assessed in 16 persons with mild to severe Parkinson disease (PD) and a perceptible speech disorder. The same measures were taken from one hand for comparison. Only tongue endurance was found to be significantly lower in these participants than in neurologically normal control participants matched for sex, age, weight, and height. Analyses of data from a larger sample comprising the present and retrospective data revealed lower-than-normal tongue strength and endurance in participants with PD. No significant correlations were found between tongue strength and endurance, interpause speech rate, articulatory precision, and overall speech defectiveness for the present and previously studied participants with PD, bringing into question the influence of modest degrees of tongue weakness and fatigue on perceptible speech deficits.
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PMID:Strength, endurance, and stability of the tongue and hand in Parkinson disease. 1066 67

Autonomic dysfunction, neuropsychiatric problems, axial signs and sleep disorders are common complications of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Urinary disturbance due to detrusor hyperreflexia and iatrogenic orthostatic hypotension are prominent dysautonomic signs. Depression and anxiety are frequent but can occur exclusively during off periods. A fronto-sub cortical dementia occurs in 30% of PD patients, but anti-parkinsoniens drugs (APD) can cause hallucinations even in non demented PD patients. Axial signs, such as freezing, postural instabily or dysarthria become doparesistant. Insomnia, REM sleep disorders. At least, pain is very frequent. Exact analysis of these signs is important for an adequate treatement: most of them are improved by APD but some of them, like orthostatic hypotension or hallucinations, are increased by these drugs.
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PMID:[Other symptoms of advanced stage Parkinson's disease]. 1091 48

This article links two formerly separate areas of research associated with Parkinson's disease (PD): speech and memory. It is proposed that speech deficits occur in PD not merely at the level of muscular control, as is commonly termed dysarthria, but also at the level of speech planning and programming, more aptly described as a form of apraxia. It is further argued that PD patient groups exhibit small deficits in verbal span, and the link between apraxic speech and verbal span is elucidated via Baddeley's (1986) model of working memory. An experiment is described in which aspects of speech of 36 PD and 43 healthy control subjects were rated and classified, and measures of span and articulation rate for words of different syllable lengths were taken. Twenty-three PD subjects had dysarthric speech, while 14 of them had apraxic speech, which was associated with lower memory span scores for longer words. It is concluded that apraxic speech can be a source of reduced memory span in PD. In addition to implications for rehabilitation and therapeutic work with PD sufferers, these findings advance our theoretical understanding of the Parkinsonian syndrome.
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PMID:The contribution of apraxic speech to working memory deficits in Parkinson's disease. 1095 Sep 19

This study contrasted the volume level of speech production with perceived volume. Fifteen idiopathic patients with Parkinson's disease who have hypophonic dysarthria and 15 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects participated in this study. Testing took place in a sound-proof room. Ability to regulate volume was tested at three instructional levels of loudness: participants were given no instructions regarding volume (to elicit normal default volume) or were asked to read loudly or quietly. Two types of volume-perception judgments were made. First, an estimate of one's own volume, immediately after speaking (that is, immediate perception), and secondly, an estimation of reading volume after hearing one's own voice played back (that is, playback perception). These perceptual ratings were compared with actual speech volume produced in reading and conversation tasks. It was found that there was less of a difference between patients' production and perception of speech volume compared with that of the control subjects. While patients spoke more quietly than control subjects, they nevertheless perceived (immediate and playback perception) their own speech to be louder than did the control subjects. Patients overestimated the volume of their speech during both reading and conversation. The findings raise the question as to whether impaired speech production is driven by a basic perceptual fault or whether perception is abnormal as a consequence of impaired mechanisms involved in the generation of quiet speech.
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PMID:Volume perception in parkinsonian speech. 1110 95

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between scaled speech intelligibility and selected acoustic variables in persons with dysarthria. Control speakers and speakers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) produced sentences which were analyzed acoustically and perceptually. The acoustic variables included total utterance durations, segment durations, estimates of the acoustic vowel space, and slopes of formant transitions; the perceptual variables included scaled speech intelligibility and severity of speech involvement. Results indicated that the temporal variables typically differentiated the ALS group, but not the PD group, from the controls, and that vowel spaces were smaller for both neurogenic groups as compared to controls, but only significantly so for the ALS speakers. The relation of these acoustic measures to scaled speech intelligibility is shown to be complex, and the composite results are discussed in terms of sentence vs. single-word intelligibility estimates and their underlying acoustic bases.
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PMID:Acoustic and intelligibility characteristics of sentence production in neurogenic speech disorders. 1112 56

The present study was designed to examine changes in vocal intensity following unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP) in a large sample of speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD) that exhibited a range of hypokinetic dysarthria. Twenty-five persons with PD were recorded using a variety of speech tasks, once prior to and once following PVP. The pre-PVP vocal SPL was subtracted from the post-PVP vocal SPL to derive a relative change in vocal SPL. Mildly dysarthric participants had significantly greater relative increases in vocal SPL following PVP than either moderately or severely dysarthric participants who had reduced vocal SPL following PVP. If future results follow those observed in the present data, mildly dysarthric Parkinson's patients may benefit most from unilateral PVP perhaps due to less overall destruction of the basal ganglia sensorimotor control circuits involved in oral facial functions, thus increasing the chances to observe improvements postsurgery.
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PMID:Changes in vocal intensity in Parkinson's disease following pallidotomy surgery. 1113 Jan 16

This investigation was a preliminary study of factors influencing perception of articulatory rate in idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD). Nine men with mild to moderate idiopathic PD and 9 healthy men of a similar age read the Farm Passage at habitual, fast, and slow reading rates. Spontaneous speech samples also were obtained. Speech severity for participants with PD was mild to moderate; prominent perceptual characteristics further suggested hypokinetic dysarthria. Nine listeners estimated the articulatory rate of speech runs (i.e., stretch of speech bounded by pauses) extracted from the reading and spontaneous speech samples. Regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between articulatory rate (i.e., syllables produced per second excluding pauses) and perceptual impressions of articulatory rate as well as the relationship between fundamental frequency (F0) range and perceptual estimates of articulatory rate. Regression functions predicting perceptual estimates of articulatory rate from F0 range were not significant for either speaker group. The regression analyses relating articulatory rate and perceptual estimates of articulatory rate, however, revealed a significant, positive relationship between the two measures for both speaker groups. There also was a nonsignificant trend for perception of articulatory rate to grow more rapidly for Parkinsonian speech samples. Although the current findings should be interpreted with caution until they have been validated by additional studies using much larger speaker populations and more extensive speech samples, the results hint at the possibility that perceptual impressions of articulatory rate in PD may overestimate the actual, physical rate. The results also highlight the importance of speech-language pathologists complimenting perceptual judgements of articulatory rate with physical measures.
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PMID:A preliminary study of factors influencing perception of articulatory rate in Parkinson disease. 1138 85

This study examined syntactic changes in the spoken discourse of patients with Huntington's (HD) or Parkinson's disease (PD) and explored possible relationships between their syntactic changes and concomitant cognitive and motoric symptoms. Patient and control groups participated in a conversational discourse activity and completed a battery of standardized speech and cognitive tests. The HD group used shorter and fewer grammatically complete utterances than their healthy, age-matched peers, whereas there were no significant syntactic differences between PD patients and their healthy, age-matched peers or between PD and HD patients. Productive syntax abilities in HD and PD were meaningfully related to both neuropsychological and motor speech changes. These findings indicate that patients with subcortical disease, at least those with HD, may present with language production deficits and that these deficits are most likely the product of not only motor speech limitations (i.e., dysarthria) but also underlying cognitive impairments.
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PMID:Productive syntax abilities in Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases. 1152 33

This study assessed intelligibility in a dysarthric patient with Parkinson's disease (PD) across five speech production tasks: spontaneous speech, repetition, reading, repeated singing, and spontaneous singing, using the same phrases for all but spontaneous singing. The results show that this speaker was significantly less intelligible when speaking spontaneously than in the other tasks. Acoustic analysis suggested that relative intensity and word duration were not independently linked to intelligibility, but dysfluencies (from perceptual analysis) and articulatory/resonance patterns (from acoustic records) were related to intelligibility in predictable ways. These data indicate that speech production task may be an important variable to consider during the evaluation of dysarthria. As speech production efficiency was found to vary with task in a patient with Parkinson's disease, these results can be related to recent models of basal ganglia function in motor performance.
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PMID:Effect of speech task on intelligibility in dysarthria: a case study of Parkinson's disease. 1189 52

This study concerns an autopsy case of motor neuron disease with dementia (MND-D) that exhibited unusual clinical and neuropathological findings. The patient was a Japanese man without any relevant family history who was 60 years old at the time of death. His clinical manifestation included character change at the age of 54, followed by frozen gait, dysarthria and bradykinesia and he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He gradually developed spastic paresis and died of respiratory failure 6 years after onset of the illness. Neuropathological examinations showed prominent degeneration in the striatonigral and pallidoluysian systems in addition to the neuronal loss and microvacuolation in the second to third layers of the frontal and temporal cortex, the involvement of the upper and lower motor neuron systems and the presence of ubiquitinated neuronal inclusions. To our knowledge, five cases of motor neuron disease (MND) combined with pallido-nigro-luysian atrophy (PNLA) have been reported previously, but the present case is the first report of MND-D combined with the degeneration of the striatonigral and pallidoluysian systems. Such an association may represent more than a coincidental occurrence, and it suggests that MND-D is not simply a disease of the motor neuron system but a multisystem degeneration.
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PMID:Motor neuron disease with dementia combined with degeneration of striatonigral and pallidoluysian systems. 1193 70


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