Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dopaminergic receptor properties in the striatum of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's chorea (HD) were studied by positron emission tomography (PET), using 11C-N-methyl-spiperone as a dopamine D2 receptor ligand. The time-dependent regional radioactive uptake in the caudate nucleus and the putamen was measured and fitted to a 3-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The rate constant k3 for specific binding to the receptor compartment in the striatum was determined in relation to the binding in regions with a low density of specific binding sites, such as the cerebellum and the frontal cortex . k3, which is a measure of the receptor density, was reduced in one patient with HD but less affected in PD in comparison with healthy controls. The pattern of k3 values calculated from the 6 PD patients is discussed in relation to any side-to-side differences in dopamine receptor densities in hemiparkinsonism and to possible "hypersensitivity" of dopamine receptors in the early stage of the disease and down-regulation in more advanced disease.
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PMID:Dopamine receptor properties in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea evaluated by positron emission tomography using 11C-N-methyl-spiperone. 295 65

For a trial of explaining of the occurrence of sensory symptoms in Parkinson's disease evoked somatosensory potentials were studied in 10 patients with hemiparkinsonism and paraesthesiae on the side of the parkinsonian signs. Somatosensory evoked potentials were compared after stimulation of the median nerve on the side of parkinsonian signs with those obtained after stimulation of this nerve on the asymptomatic side. No statistically significant differences were found in the latency of various components of the evoked potentials between both sides of the body. Only slight differences were observed in the morphology of the evoked potentials which were difficult for statistical interpretation.
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PMID:[Somatosensory potentials in hemiparkinsonism]. 322 74

Long-term observation over 3-8 postoperative years of cases of Parkinson disease operated by stereotactic thalamotomy using a microelectrode recording technique is reported. The procedure is specifically useful in the following four groups: (1) tremor-dominant cases, (2) hemiparkinsonism, (3) cases with marked asymmetry in motor symptoms and (4) juvenile parkinsonism presenting levodopa-induced dyskinesia.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up study of nucleus ventralis intermedius and ventrolateralis thalamotomy using a microelectrode technique in parkinsonism. 332 71

We studied fifteen patients with hemiparkinsonism and ipsilateral hemiatrophy (HP/HA) to better characterize the clinical features of this syndrome and its rate of progression. Patients were distinguished by highly asymmetric parkinsonism with predominant signs on the side of HA, early age of onset (43.7 years versus 60.2 years in our control population of idiopathic Parkinson's disease [IPD], abnormal birth history (7/15), and dystonia occurring prior to levodopa therapy (10/15). In six patients, the mean duration of disease until the initiation of levodopa therapy was 14.2 years, as compared with 4.1 years in our control population of IPD. The slow progression of disease underscores the relatively favorable prognostic significance of HP/HA and its distinction from IPD.
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PMID:Hemiparkinsonism with hemiatrophy. 335 4

Isotonic muscle strength measured by a quantitative technique was decreased in early Parkinson's disease compared to age-matched controls. Weakness was present both on the affected and unaffected side in hemiparkinsonism. Similar degrees of weakness occurred in limbs with tremor or rigidity. Muscle weakness appears to be a primary symptom of Parkinson's disease which may relate to disturbed motor programming due to basal ganglia dysfunction.
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PMID:Muscle strength testing in Parkinson's disease. 394 87

A 45-year-old woman with a history of probable perinatal craniocerebral trauma resulting in mild asymptomatic right hemiatrophy developed right leg weakness and hypotonia alternating with dystonia only after prolonged exertion at age 12. At age 27, she developed right-sided parkinsonism. Exertional paresis and dystonia and parkinsonism responded completely to levodopa; however, she developed a progressive reduction in the duration of action of levodopa over the first 4 years of treatment. Investigations including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, [18F]fluorodopa, and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans suggested a static lesion involving the left substantia nigra. This unusual exertion-induced weakness and hypotonia alternating with hypertonia and dystonia has not been reported previously. The role of dopamine deficiency in dystonia and the role of levodopa in the development of fluctuations in Parkinson's disease are discussed. Review of the literature, including this patient, emphasizes the heterogeneity of the syndrome of hemiparkinsonism-hemiatrophy.
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PMID:Hemiatrophy, juvenile-onset exertional alternating leg paresis, hypotonia, and hemidystonia and adult-onset hemiparkinsonism: the spectrum of hemiparkinsonism-hemiatrophy syndrome. 756 31

Corticomotoneuronal excitability was examined in 7 patients with dopa-nonresponsive progressive hemiparkinsonism (DNRHP) and 10 with dopa-responsive hemiparkinsonism (Parkinson's disease: PD), as well as in 10 normal subjects, by measuring change in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) using transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex after peripheral nerve stimulation. Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) was suspected clinically for the progressive dopa-nonresponsive hemiparkinsonism. Conditioning stimulation of the median nerve on the rigid side greatly increased MEP size (500-1300%) in 4 DNRHP patients as compared to the increase for the normal subjects (140-380%) at conditioning test (C-T) intervals of 40-80 ms, but stimulation on the contralateral side did not. There was no abnormal MEP facilitation on the rigid side in 10 PD patients. None of the patients with CBD had an increase in somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) size, and no patient showed hyperexcitability in SEP-recovery during C-T intervals at which there was abnormal MEP facilitation. These results indicate that there is an exaggerated effect of afferent input on corticomotoneuronal excitability in some patients with DNRHP.
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PMID:Increased corticomotoneuronal excitability after peripheral nerve stimulation in dopa-nonresponsive hemiparkinsonism. 775 42

To predicate the value of human fetal substantia nigra transplantation in clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), dissociated cells of substantia nigra from 8-12 week old abortive human fetus were grafted into the neostriatum of 5 adult rhesus monkeys with hemiparkinsonism induced by unilateral injection of MPTP. At 2, 5 and 12 months after transplanting the monkeys were sacrificed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry to examine the survival and possible synaptic contact of transplanted dopamine (DA) neurons. Transplanted TH immunoreactive cells took a pattern of patches scattered in the neostriatum. Each of the cell patches consisted of 3-10 cells. The TH immunoreactive fiber network was seen in the neostriatum. Electron microscopic survey revealed that TH+ buttons arising from grafted DA neurons formed symmetric or asymmetric synapses with TH- dendritic shafts/spines, and TH+ dendrites were seen to form synapses with TH- axons of the host. Additionally, there were a few synapses formed by TH+ axonal terminals with negative buttons. The results suggest that DA neurons from 8-12 week old abortive human fetus are able to survive grafting into the neostriatum of monkey, a species phylogenetically very close to human, and to establish reciprocal synaptic connectivity with the host even at 2 months post-transplanting. It is, therefore, inferable that embryonic human DA neurons transplanted into human neostriatum may have the same fate as in monkeys.
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PMID:[Fate of human fetal dopamine neurons transplanted into rhesus monkey model of Parkinson's disease: a tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemical study]. 778 96

We estimated regional and global metabolic rates for glucose using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and PET in six patients with hemiparkinsonism-hemiatrophy syndrome (HPHA; mean age, 41.0 +/- 12.4 years). We used 18F-fluorodopa (FDOPA) and PET in two patients to quantify presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic function. We compared measures of brain glucose metabolism and striatal FDOPA uptake with those calculated for 10 age-matched normal volunteers (mean age, 35.1 +/- 8.0 years) and 10 patients with typical unilateral Parkinson's disease (unilat-PD; mean age, 58.2 +/- 13.8 years). All six HPHA patients demonstrated significant metabolic reductions (> 3 SD) in the contralateral basal ganglia or frontal cortex as compared with normal control values. Mean normalized glucose metabolism was reduced in the contralateral caudate and lentiform nuclei (p < 0.005) as compared with that in unilat-PD and normal controls. In both patients studied with FDOPA, contralateral striatal uptake was significantly reduced (> 3 SD) as compared with normal control values. These results suggest that the clinical manifestations of HPHA arise through a combination of pre- and postsynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction. FDG and PET may be useful in differentiating this disorder from typical unilat-PD.
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PMID:Metabolic topography of the hemiparkinsonism-hemiatrophy syndrome. 793 86

The mechanism of abnormal iron accumulation in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown. To explore this question, we made a hemiparkinsonism model in monkeys by injecting 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into the caudate or putamen on one side, and compared iron content in the SN and other basal ganglia structures by histochemistry. The injected side, especially the SN pars compacta, showed a marked increase in iron staining. Our study indicates that an injury to the nigrostriatal system by MPTP injection can induce iron accumulation in the SN.
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PMID:Iron accumulation in the substantia nigra of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced hemiparkinsonian monkeys. 802 87


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