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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several studies have suggested that a variety of non-motor symptoms (NMS) frequently antedate the development of the classical motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Some of these premotor symptoms are well known, like REM sleep behaviour disorder, smell loss and constipation and can precede the motor symptoms by years or even decades. The appearance of these symptoms seems to correlate with the neuropathological changes occurring during Braaks stages I to III. Also studies of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways with neuroimaging show that substantia nigra degeneration occurs before motor symptoms onset. Studies on the premotor phase of PD are important for our understanding of when and where does PD start and how it evolves in these initial stages. Several ongoing studies combine clinical, genetic and neuroimaging investigations to study the premotor phase in subjects at high risk for developing such as hyposmic individuals (PARS study) or nonmanifesting carriers of LRRK2 mutations (ASAP Study). The diagnosis of premotor PD remains still elusive but the information becoming available on premotor PD should guide the search for predictive biomarkers and the identification of risk or protective factors for PD.
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PMID:Progress in defining the premotor phase of Parkinson's disease. 2167 72

Over the past decade, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS)-based workflows become standard for biomarker discovery in proteomics. These medium- to high-throughput (in terms of protein content) profiling approaches have been applied to clinical research. As a result, human proteomes have been characterized to a greater extent than ever before. However, proteomics in clinical research and biomarker discovery studies has generally been performed with small cohorts of subjects (or pooled samples from larger cohorts). This is problematic, as when aiming to identify novel biomarkers, small studies suffer from inherent and important limitations, as a result of the reduced biological diversity and representativity of human populations. Consequently, larger-scale proteomics will be key to delivering robust biomarker candidates and enabling translation to clinical practice.Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a highly clinically relevant body fluid, and an important source of potential biomarkers for brain-associated damage, such as that induced by traumatic brain injury and stroke, and brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. We have developed a scalable automated proteomic pipeline (ASAP2) for biomarker discovery. This workflow is compatible with larger clinical research studies in terms of sample size, while still allowing several hundred proteins to be measured in CSF by MS. In this chapter, we describe the whole proteomic workflow to analyze human CSF. We further illustrate our protocol with some examples from an analysis of hundreds of human CSF samples, in the specific context of biomarker discovery to characterize central nervous system disorders.
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PMID:Analyzing Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomes to Characterize Central Nervous System Disorders: A Highly Automated Mass Spectrometry-Based Pipeline for Biomarker Discovery. 3085 17