Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the prevalence of mental depression (MD) in 34 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) of recent onset, not receiving dopaminergic drugs, and in 23 healthy individuals of comparable age and sex. In the patients, dysthymic disorder and major depression were more common than in controls (p = 0.017). The severity of MD and PD were unrelated. In 15 patients, MD began before the symptoms of PD (mean, 5 years). These patients were younger, less impaired, and with a higher positive family history of PD. MD-associated PD may be a specific subgroup of PD.
 ...
PMID:Parkinson's disease with depression: a possible subgroup of idiopathic parkinsonism. 373 83

A case of major depressive disorder complicated by carbon monoxide (CO)-induced Parkinson's syndrome is reported. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) revealed bilateral globus pallidus necrosis. Clinical, CAT, and neuropathological findings in other cases of CO encephalopathy with and without parkinsonism are reviewed. The utility of CAT in the diagnostic workup and in following clinical course is discussed, as are the difficulties of making a diagnosis of an antecedent primary psychiatric disorder in the presence of neurological and psychiatric sequelae of CO intoxication. There was no clinical response to a tricyclic antidepressant, but both the mood and movement disorders responded fully to L-dopa. The implications of these findings with regard to the central neurochemical pathophysiology in this patient and in major depressive disorder in general are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Major depression and carbon monoxide-induced parkinsonism: diagnosis, computerized axial tomography, and response to L-dopa. 402 Mar 69

The prevalence and clinical correlates of extrapyramidal signs in a consecutive series of 78 patients with Alzheimer's disease attending a neurology clinic, and 20 age comparable normal controls, were examined. Based on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) findings, 18 patients (23%) met criteria for parkinsonism, 44 (56%) had isolated extrapyramidal signs, and 16 (21%) had no extrapyramidal signs. Whereas the control group showed a similar prevalence of isolated extrapyramidal signs (57%), none of them showed parkinsonism. No significant differences were found for age, sex, duration of illness, and severity of dementia among the three Alzheimer's disease groups. Patients with Alzheimer's disease-parkinsonism, however, showed a significantly higher frequency of major depression and dysthymia and significantly higher Hamilton depression scores than patients with isolated or no extrapyramidal signs. Patients with Alzheimer's disease-parkinsonism also showed significantly more deficits on frontal lobe related tasks such as the Wisconsin card sorting test, trail making test, and verbal fluency, as well as on tests of constructional praxis and abstract reasoning than patients with Alzheimer's disease but no extrapyramidal signs. In conclusion, the study showed a specific association between Alzheimer's disease and parkinsonism, as well as significant relations between parkinsonism, deficits in executive functions, and depression among patients with Alzheimer's disease.
 ...
PMID:Extrapyramidalism in Alzheimer's disease: prevalence, psychiatric, and neuropsychological correlates. 779 81

In a consecutive series of 169 outpatients with Parkinson's disease the frequency of depression was compared in two groups: those who developed Parkinson's disease before the age of 50, and those who developed the disease after 50. Major depression was found in 36% of patients with early onset and in 16% of patients with late onset Parkinson's disease. This significant difference disappeared when both groups were matched for duration of Parkinson's disease. A stepwise regression analysis in both the early onset and the late onset Parkinson's disease showed a significant correlation only between depression scores and the impairment scores of activities of daily living.
 ...
PMID:Effect of age at onset on frequency of depression in Parkinson's disease. 793 95

This article briefly reviews the clinical aspects and rationale for therapy with l-deprenyl for several neuropsychiatric conditions, including major depression, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. The rationale for the use of l-deprenyl in these conditions is discussed, and evidence for efficacy is reviewed. Lastly, there is a review of the lack of evidence for l-deprenyl's abuse potential and its use as putative nonspecific cognitive enhancer, a so-called "smart drug." Although l-deprenyl itself appears to have no abuse potential, it is theoretically possible that it might potentiate the actions and frequency of dosage and use of various drugs of abuse or dependence. This is as yet an underresearched area, and more work is required.
 ...
PMID:Therapy with l-deprenyl (selegiline) and relation to abuse liability. 799 17

Marked specific and selective changes in the levels of some neuropeptides in age-related diseases, such as senile dementia of the Alzheimer (SDAT) or Lewy body (SDLT) types, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and major depressive disorder, versus normal aging have been noted. However, the levels of most neuropeptides are normal. The only 2 peptides consistently altered in SDAT are somatostatin and corticotrophin-releasing hormone both of which are reduced. In Huntington's disease, the level of substance P in the basal ganglia is reduced suggesting a preferential vulnerability of spiny neurones in this disease. In Parkinson's disease, substance P is attenuated in the basal ganglia while somatostatin is reduced in the neocortex. These and other results suggest that substance P deficits are related to movement disorders while somatostatin deficits are related to cognitive impairment. SDLT is a type of dementia with features common to both SDAT and Parkinson's disease, although the changes in neuropeptides suggest that neurochemically the disease is more closely related to SDAT. In major depressive disorder, the level of corticotrophin-releasing hormone is reduced while there is a reciprocal increase in corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptors suggesting that the neurones remain functional. Potential clinical intervention has been limited by problems such as poor penetration of agents into the brain and the short half-lives of neuropeptide agonists and antagonists. However, some currently available agents may act, at least in part, through modulation of neuropeptide pathways, e.g. carbamazepine and alprazolam both modulate the corticotrophin-releasing hormone system in animals, and both have clinically proven antidepressant activity.
 ...
PMID:Alterations in neuropeptides in aging and disease. Pathophysiology and potential for clinical intervention. 824 6

Studies utilizing advanced scanning technologies suggest that brain imaging may have a role in the differential diagnosis of some common neuropsychiatric disorders. In subjects with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), widespread cortical reductions in glucose metabolism and blood flow have been described, with predominant involvement of the temporal and parietal lobes. The primary sensory areas and subcortical regions are relatively spared. When a "patchy" pattern of reductions in cerebral blood flow and metabolism is associated with clinical dementia, a vascular etiology should be suspected. Major depression in the elderly is associated with reductions in whole brain glucose metabolic rates comparable in magnitude with those described in DAT. Relatively distinctive patterns of flow and metabolism also are seen in frontal-temporal dementia and Parkinson's disease with dementia.
 ...
PMID:Functional brain imaging in late-life depression and dementia. 827 May 94

Psychomotor retardation, characterized by changes in speech, motility and cognition, is common in major depression. It is also a cardinal feature of subcortical disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Based on this observation and other data it has been hypothesized that the retardation of depression is related to mesolimbic-nigrostriatal dysfunction. To further test this hypothesis, speech articulation in major depression was compared to that in PD, where disordered articulation is related to bradykinesia and rigidity caused by striatal dopamine depletion. Thirty subjects with major depression were compared with 30 patients with PD and 31 normal controls on 3 acoustic measures of articulation. Major depression and PD groups had significantly shortened voice onset time and decreased second formant transition compared to controls, and major depression also had increased spirantization. There were no differences between the depression and PD groups on any of the acoustic measures. These findings provide indirect support for the hypothesis that nigrostriatal dysfunction is related to psychomotor slowing in major depression.
 ...
PMID:Abnormal speech articulation, psychomotor retardation, and subcortical dysfunction in major depression. 829 60

This report describes the prospective and systematic psychiatric assessment of nine patients who received transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic tissue into the caudate nucleus for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Unlike adrenal medullary transplantation, which often causes psychosis or delirium, this procedure appeared to have few perioperative sequelae. On longer-term follow-up, there was some statistical evidence of deterioration in psychiatric status, as manifested primarily in depressive and nonspecific emotional and behavioral symptoms. This group effect was partly attributable to the occurrence of discrete episodes of illness (major depression and panic disorder with agoraphobia) in some patients, but it was unclear whether such episodes occurred more often than would ordinarily be expected in Parkinson's disease. Differences in the neurobiological effects of fetal mesencephalic and adrenal medullary grafts may account for differences in the psychiatric sequelae of patients receiving these procedures.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric status after human fetal mesencephalic tissue transplantation in Parkinson's disease. 856 61

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical markers for Alzheimer disease (AD) would be of great value to improve the clinical diagnostic accuracy of the disorder. As abnormally phosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau have been consistently found in the brains of AD patients, and since tau can be detected in CSF, two assays based on several well-defined monoclonal tau antibodies were used to study these proteins in CSF. One assay detects most normal and abnormal forms of tau (CSF-tau), while the other is highly specific for phosphorylated tau (CSF-PHFtau). A marked increase in CSF-PHFtau was found in AD (2230 +/- 930 pg/mL), as compared with controls (640 +/- 230 pg/mL; p < 0.0001), vascular dementia, VAD (1610 +/- 840 pg/mL; p < 0.05), frontal lobe dementia, FLD (1530 +/- 1000 pg/mL; p < 0.05), Parkinson disease, PD (720 +/- 590 pg/mL; p < 0.0001), and patients with major depression (230 +/- 130 pg/mL; p < 0.0001). Parallel results were obtained for CSF-tau. No less than 35/40 (88%) of AD patients had a CSF-PHFtau value higher than the cutoff level of 1140 pg/mL in controls. The present study demonstrates that elevated tau/PHFtau levels are consistently found in CSF of AD patients. However, a considerable overlap is still present with other forms of dementia, both VAD and FLD. CSF-tau and CSF-PHFtau may therefore be useful as a positive biochemical marker, to discriminate AD from normal aging, PD, and depressive pseudodementia. Further studies are needed to clarify the sensitivity and specificity of these assays, including follow-up studies with neuropathological examinations.
 ...
PMID:Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid: a biochemical marker for axonal degeneration in Alzheimer disease? 874 26


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>