Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor, SRIF) was originally discovered (1) during the purification of growth hormone-releasing factor from rat hypothalamus and was subsequently isolated and characterized (2) in 1972 from ovine hypothalamus. Since its initial characterization, SRIF has been shown to fulfill criteria for a neurotransmitter and to directly modulate neuronal activity as well as acting as an inhibitory factor regulating endocrine and exocrine secretion. Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of SRIF have been reported in several diseases exhibiting prominent cognitive dysfunction, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), major depression, Huntington's chorea, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, while evidence for regional brain tissue concentration deficits in SRIF are more specific for AD. This mini-review will focus on the studies reporting alterations in CSF and postmortem tissue concentrations of SRIF in AD and depression.
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PMID:Somatostatin in Alzheimer's disease and depression. 135 21

A 55-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of Parkinson's disease and a 6-month history of major depression. The patient's depressive symptoms responded to treatment with fluvoxamine, a selective and potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Tryptophan depletion testing, which acutely lowers central serotonin levels, caused a brief exacerbation of the depressive illness, which resolved upon tryptophan repletion. Serotonergic dysfunction may be an etiologic factor in depression that occurs in Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Serotonergic dysfunction in depression associated with Parkinson's disease. 835 Oct 31

In its early stages, Parkinson's disease (P.D.) may be difficult to distinguish from major depression (M.D.) leading to inappropriate management. Both illnesses are characterized by psychomotor retardation. The neurovegetative symptoms used to diagnose M.D. are not specific and in P.D. may be due to the physical illness itself. Currently, differentiation of the two disorders relies on subjective clinical observation. Improved diagnostic accuracy based on more objective data is needed. To this end, this study used computerized acoustic analysis to contrast speech patterns in P.D. and M.D. The sample consisted of 30 P.D. patients without depression or dementia, 30 patients with uncomplicated M.D., and 31 normal controls, each 60 years of age or over. Of the acoustic variables studied, M.D. patients had significantly reduced rates of speech compared with P.D. patients. The data suggest that this temporal measure of speech may be useful in the differentiation of P.D. and M.D.
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PMID:Acoustic analysis in the differentiation of Parkinson's disease and major depression. 144 29

The purpose of this review is to set forth guidelines for the treatment of depression in several special populations: (1) the elderly (both ambulatory and institutionalized); (2) patients with concurrent neurologic disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke) and depression; and (3) patients with bereavement-related depression. This is a selective review of studies published in the past 10 years that have utilized structured psychiatric interviewing, randomized clinical trials, and/or monitoring of plasma antidepressant levels. Published data support specific efficacy and safety claims for both pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of major depression in elderly ambulatory and institutionalized patients. In the case of depression associated with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and stroke, there is also evidence of efficacy for antidepressant medication. Finally, bereavement-related syndromal depression appears to respond to antidepressant medication, but further controlled evaluation is desirable. As emphasized by the 1991 National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Late Life, depression in the elderly should be recognized as treatable and should be treated vigorously. Rather than being dismissed as a normal reaction to the multiple medical and psychosocial burdens of late life, it should be treated appropriately to reduce an important source of excess disability.
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PMID:Treatment of depression in special populations. 152 79

A consecutive series of 105 patients with Parkinson's disease were examined for the presence of affective disorders, cognitive deficits, and impairments in activities of daily living (ADLs); 92 received the same evaluation 12 months after the initial examination. On the basis of the initial psychiatric findings, patients were divided into major, minor, and non-depressed groups. Patients with major depression showed a significantly greater cognitive decline, deterioration in ADLs, and further advance through the Hoehn and Yahr stages than patients with either minor depression or no depression.
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PMID:A prospective longitudinal study of depression, cognitive decline, and physical impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease. 160 11

A consecutive series of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were examined for the presence of sleep disturbances, pain, and depression. We found that patients with PD and major depression had significantly more sleep disturbances and severe pain than non-depressed patients with PD. Moreover, depression scores accounted for most of the variance in a stepwise regression analysis of the effect of numerous clinical variables on either sleep disorders or pain severity. These findings suggest that depression is the most important factor associated with the common problems of sleep disorder and pain among patients with PD.
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PMID:Sleep disorders, pain, and depression in Parkinson's disease. 175 57

Sleep patterns of two consecutive nights were analyzed in 26 drug-free patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), who were clinically divided into depressed (n = 8) and nondepressed (n = 18) groups. Sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) recording showed significantly shorter rapid eye movement (REM) latency in depressed PD patients (41.1 +/- 21.7 min) compared to nondepressed PD patients (129.0 +/- 84.9 min, p less than 0.002). Furthermore, shortened REM latency (less than or equal to 65.0 min) was observed with significantly more frequency in depressed PD patients (6 out of 8) compared to nondepressed PD patients (4 out of 18, p less than 0.02). The other sleep parameters studied did not differ significantly between the two groups of patients. Because shortened REM latency is one of the most reliably documented biological features of major depression, these findings may be of some importance for understanding the nature of depression in the course of PD.
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PMID:Sleep EEG in depressed and nondepressed patients with Parkinson's disease. 182 Dec 32

Depression is a frequent finding in patients with neurological disorders. These depressions, however, have similar phenomenology, duration, biological markers, and response to treatment as depressions in patients with no known brain injuries (i.e., functional depression). In the present article, we review evidence that suggests the dementia of depression exists among severely depressed patients with cerebrovascular lesions or Parkinson's disease (PD). We conclude that: a) in patients with either stroke lesions or PD, depression is significantly associated with cognitive deficits; b) this association is only true for patients with major depression (i.e., it is not present in patients with minor depression); and c) patients with poststroke depression and patients with PD and depression have a severity and profile of cognitive deficits similar to those found in patients with primary major depression.
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PMID:Dementia of depression in Parkinson's disease and stroke. 191 43

A microcomputer-based approach to the quantification of facial expression was used to measure and compare the smiling behavior of a group of Parkinson's disease sufferers, a group of patients with major depression, and a control group of comparable age. Subjects were asked to view a series of amusing slides and their expressions were recorded. The most animated smile for each subject was chosen for analysis and scores on 12 computer-generated measures were obtained using the Facial Expression Measurement program. These measures are end-lip measure, mouth width measure, mouth-opening measure, mid-top measure, mid-lower lip measure, top lip-thickness measure, lower lip-thickness measure, eye-opening measure, top eyelid/iris intersect measure, lower eyelid/iris intersect measure, inner eyebrow measure, and mid-eyebrow measure. The depressed group differed significantly from the other groups, with higher scores on end-lip measure, mid-top lip measure, and mid-eyebrow measure. All subjects completed the Levine-Pilowsky Depression Questionnaire. The depressed patients obtained higher depression scores than the parkinsonian group, who in turn had significantly higher depression scores than the control group. The depression score was correlated with end-lip measure, mouth width measure, mid-top lip measure, eye-opening measure, and mid-eyebrow measure in the population as a whole. A significant negative correlation emerged between the depression score and mid-eyebrow measure in the depressed group. Both the depressed group and the parkinsonian group were found to smile significantly less often during the slide session when compared with the control group. These results are discussed in the light of earlier findings.
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PMID:A controlled quantitative study of facial expression in Parkinson's disease and depression. 194 Aug 92

We report here on the coexistence of dementia and depression in a community population aged 75 years and older. Complete information about mood and cognition was available for 286 cognitively intact subjects selected for assessment because of their low scores on the Mini-Mental State, and for 158 mildly and moderately demented subjects. Severely demented subjects, who were incapable of providing information, were excluded. Five percent (8/158) of demented subjects also fulfilled criteria for major depressive disorder Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition (DSM-III) compared with 9% (27/286) of cognitively intact subjects. No substantial differences existed in the symptoms reported by demented depressives and nondemented depressives, but subjects who suffered from both disorders were so markedly apathetic that their depression might easily have been overlooked had specific enquiries not been made. Depression was particularly associated with dementia secondary to multi-infarct and Parkinson's disease. When reviewed one year later, 2 of the 18 surviving depressed, nondemented subjects showed evidence of dementia. Both presented unusual diagnostic difficulties, however, and no evidence emerged that large numbers of elderly people will be misclassified in community surveys that include a mental state examination, cognitive testing, and an informant interview.
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PMID:Coexisting depression and dementia in a community survey of the elderly. 210 Dec 97


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