Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 18 patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease were individually administered the Rorschach test. They showed less Dd%, more S%, more FC, and slightly more M responses than Japanese normal adults. These findings suggest the following personality characteristics of Parkinsonians: they are reserved, self-reliant, over-control emotionality in their inner lives, and like going their own ways. They have good common sense.
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PMID:Personality characteristics of Parkinson's disease. 725 47

The psychological situation of Parkinson patients and the functions and roles of others involved--doctors, donors, caregivers--are discussed with reference to ethically based decisions about neurotransplantation. Psychological stressors and changes of psychological functions in Parkinson's disease are described. Possible psychological risks due to short and long term changes, especially changes in emotionality, are discussed. Proposals are made for pre- and post-transplantation care involving broad neuropsychological follow up testing and psychological counseling, particularly to deal with unfulfilled expectations.
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PMID:[Psychological aspects of neurotransplantation]. 857 95

A distinctive personality type, characterized by introversion, inflexibility, and low novelty seeking, has been suggested to be associated with Parkinson's disease. To test the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease is associated with a specific dopamine-related personality type, the personality structures of 61 unmedicated Parkinson's disease patients and 45 healthy controls were examined. Additionally, in 47 Parkinson's disease patients, the dopaminergic function in the brain was directly measured with 6-[(18)F]fluoro-l-dopa ((18)F-dopa) positron emission tomography (PET) with MRI coregistration. The novelty-seeking personality score, supposedly associated with the parkinsonian personality, was slightly lower in the Parkinson's disease group compared with controls, but it did not have a significant relationship with (18)F-dopa uptake in any of the brain regions studied (r = -0.12 to 0.11, P > 0.15). The harm-avoidance personality score, associated with anxiety and depression, was clearly increased in patients with Parkinson's disease and it had a paradoxical, highly significant positive correlation with the (18)F-dopa uptake in the right caudate nucleus (r = 0.53, P = 0.04, Bonferroni corrected for 220 comparisons). Although the results of this study are not in disagreement with the concept of low-novelty-seeking personality type in Parkinson's disease, the personality type does not seem to be dopamine dependent. The correlation between the personality trait of harm avoidance and (18)F-dopa may reflect a specific feedback circuitry of neurotransmitters that is associated with negative emotionality in Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Personality traits and brain dopaminergic function in Parkinson's disease. 1168 21

Mutations in the human parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, a heritable form of Parkinson's disease (PD). To determine whether mutations in the mouse parkin gene (Park2) also result in a parkinsonian phenotype, we generated mice with a targeted deletion of parkin exon 2. Using an extensive behavioral screen, we evaluated neurological function, motor ability, emotionality, learning, and memory in aged Parkin-deficient mice. The behavioral profile of Parkin-deficient mice on a B6;129S4 genetic background was strikingly similar to that of control mice, and most differences were not reproducible by using coisogenic mice on a 129S4 genetic background. Moreover, catecholamine levels in the striatum, olfactory bulb, and spinal cord of Parkin-deficient mice were normal. In contrast to previous studies using independently generated Parkin-deficient mice, we found no evidence for nigrostriatal, cognitive, or noradrenergic dysfunction. Understanding why Parkin-deficient mice do not exhibit robust signs of parkinsonism could advance knowledge and treatment of PD.
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PMID:Parkin-deficient mice are not a robust model of parkinsonism. 1568 50

There are reports that melatonin secretion from the pineal gland gradually diminishes with advancing age. It has been suggested that various forms of neuropsychiatric disease, in particular, Parkinson's disease (PD), is consequentially related to this decrease by virtue of increased oxidative stress which enhances the process of dopamine (DA) degeneration. There is, however, considerable disagreement on this theme as very little is generally known about the role of the pineal gland in the aetiology and treatment of PD. To assess the role of the pineal gland in PD and in dopamine replacement therapy (DART), the effect of three anti-Parkinsonian drugs on motor and psychiatric function was assessed in normal, pinealectomized (PX) and DA deficient, PX rats. In the first study, rats underwent PX or sham operation and were then injected (IP) with Amantadine (30 or 50 mg/kg), Bromocriptine (5 or 10 mg/kg) or L-Dopa (30 or 60 mg/kg plus 50 mg/kg of R-044602) 3-8 weeks after surgery. Open field performance and motor reflex tests were assessed during the light and dark phases of the L/D cycle. In a second study, clinically effective doses of Bromocriptine (10 mg/kg) and L-Dopa (30 and 100 mg/kg with 50 mg/kg R-044602) were injected into depleted, PX or sham operated rats. In study I, sham operated and PX rats responded differently to Bromocriptine and L-Dopa, while Amantadine did not differentially effect motor performance in the two groups. In study II, 6-OHDA induced degeneration of the nigro-striatal system abolished the effects of Bromocriptine and dramatically altered the effects of L-Dopa seen in study I, in sham operated versus PX rats. DART significantly altered emotionality, as measured by escape attempts, agitation and rage in sham operated animals, compared to PX rats. DA deficiency abolished the tendency to escape in all groups except those treated with 100mg/kg of L-Dopa. Conversely, agitation and rage scores were greater after 100 mg/kg of L-Dopa, in rats with intact pineal function, than in PX rats. These results provide compelling evidence that altered pineal function plays a major role in the aetiology of PD, the therapeutic effect of anti-Parkinsonian drugs and in the psychiatric side effects of DART.
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PMID:The therapeutic effects of dopamine replacement therapy and its psychiatric side effects are mediated by pineal function. 1583 10

Nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) involving cognition and emotionality have progressively received attention. The objective of the present study was to investigate recognition of emotional prosody in patients with PD (n = 14) in comparison to healthy control subjects (HC, n = 14). Event-related brain potentials (ERP) were recorded in a modified oddball paradigm under passive listening and active target detection instructions. Results showed a poorer performance of PD patients in classifying emotional prosody. ERP generated by emotional deviants (happy/sad) during passive listening revealed diminished amplitudes of the mismatch-related negativity for sad deviants, indicating an impairment of early preattentive processing of emotional prosody in PD.
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PMID:Perception of emotional speech in Parkinson's disease. 1683 Mar 24

Alpha-synuclein is implicated in the pathology of Parkinson disease (PD) and is involved in synaptic function, particularly in presynaptic events in dopamine (DA) synapses. Recently, a role for alpha-synuclein in reward and addiction, especially in alcoholism, has been reported. Since PD and alcohol dependence present a strong comorbidity with anxiety disorders, a role for alpha-synuclein in anxiety has been proposed. The aim of the present investigation was to study the involvement of alpha-synuclein in anxiety by testing alpha-synuclein knock out and wild type mice in three different emotionality tests: the open field, the elevated plus maze and the light-dark box. Alpha-synuclein knock out mice and wild type controls displayed consistently similar emotionality profiles in all the tests, suggesting a lack of involvement of alpha-synuclein in unconditioned anxiety in mice.
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PMID:Lack of involvement of alpha-synuclein in unconditioned anxiety in mice. 2013 21

Humans share with other animals an ability to measure the passage of physical time and subjectively experience a sense of time passing. Subjective time has hallmark qualities, akin to other senses, which can be accounted for by formal, psychological, and neurobiological models of the internal clock. These include first-order principles, such as changes in clock speed and how temporal memories are stored, and second-order principles, including timescale invariance, multisensory integration, rhythmical structure, and attentional time-sharing. Within these principles there are both typical individual differences--influences of emotionality, thought speed, and psychoactive drugs--and atypical differences in individuals affected with certain clinical disorders (e.g., autism, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia). This review summarizes recent behavioral and neurobiological findings and provides a theoretical framework for considering how changes in the properties of the internal clock impact time perception and other psychological domains.
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PMID:Properties of the internal clock: first- and second-order principles of subjective time. 2405 Jan 87

Haloperidol is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist that induces catalepsy when systemically administered to rodents. The haloperidol-induced catalepsy is a state of akinesia and rigidity very similar to that seen in Parkinson's disease. There exists great interest in knowing whether or not some degree of emotionality underlies catalepsy. If so, what kind of emotional distress would permeate such motor disturbance? This study is an attempt to shed some light on this issue through an analysis of ultrasound vocalizations (USVs) of 22 kHz, open-field test, and contextual conditioned fear in rats with some degree of catalepsy induced by haloperidol. Systemic administration of haloperidol caused catalepsy and decreased exploratory activity in the open-field. There was no difference in the emission of USVs between groups during the catalepsy or the exploratory behavior in the open-field test. In the contextual conditioned fear, when administered before training session, haloperidol did not change the emission of USVs or the freezing response. When administered before testing session, haloperidol enhanced the freezing response and decreased the emission of USVs on the test day. These findings suggest that the involvement of dopaminergic mechanisms in threatening situations depends on the nature of the aversive stimulus. Activation of D2 receptors occurs in the setting up of adaptive responses to conditioned fear stimuli so that these mechanisms seem to be important for the emission of 22 kHz USVs during the testing phase of the contextual conditioned fear, but not during the training session or the open-field test (unconditioned fear stimuli). Catalepsy, on the other hand, is the result of the blockage of D2 receptors in neural circuits associated to motor behavior that appears to be dissociated from those directly linked to dopamine-mediated neural mechanisms associated to fear.
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PMID:Dopaminergic mechanisms underlying catalepsy, fear and anxiety: do they interact? 2412 Apr 1

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and matched control subjects were photographed posing a range of facial expressions. The same subjects were later asked to identify the posed expressions of the other subjects. They were also asked to rate the quality of expressions posed by the control subjects after being told what each expression was. Expressions posed by healthy control subjects were more readily identifiable than expressions posed by Parkinson's patients, but the two groups did not differ in their ability to recognize facial expressions or in the goodness ratings they gave, and their error patterns were closely similar. There was no significant difference between the groups on other tests of face processing or on ratings of emotionality except for greater reported anxiety in the Parkinson's patients. We conclude that although patients with PD have reduced facial expressiveness, there is no apparent diminution in their comprehension of facial expressions or their day-to-day experience of emotion.
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PMID:Facial expressions and Parkinson's disease. 2448 29


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