Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) refers to electrical stimulation of muscles in order to improve the impaired motor function. This is achieved by activating skeletal muscles with constant frequency trains of stimulations. This method has been found useful in various neurological disorders like hemiplegia, foot drop and paraplegia including spinal cord injuries. The first half of this review focuses on the broad clinical applications of functional electrical stimulation, its mechanism of action and the complications of this mode of therapy. Advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by marked slowing of gait and frequent freezing episodes. Medical and surgical treatments are often ineffective in managing freezing episodes. The second half of this review discusses briefly the gait abnormalities in PD and the available treatment options. The possible role of FES in improving gait in parkinsonism and the importance of future research in this direction are highlighted.
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PMID:Functional electrical stimulation in neurological disorders. 1839 46

The most common presentation of foot dystonia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or dystonia is inversion of the foot accompanied by flexion of the toes, with or without extension of the hallux. Less commonly, foot dystonia may mimic foot drop, as occurs with weakness of the dorsiflexors muscles, resulting in a pseudo foot drop. This has rarely been reported in the literature and has been poorly recognized, often leading to misdiagnosis and unnecessary investigations and treatment. We report 5 patients with dystonic pseudo foot drop, one of them diagnosed with early-onset PD, 2 with sporadic PD, and 2 with dystonia. Despite the steppage gait, their physical exam revealed normal strength, and no other explanation for a "foot drop" was found. It is important to recognize this phenomenology, which can be a clue to the diagnosis of early-onset PD, and may be responsive to levodopa in selected patients.
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PMID:Dystonic Pseudo Foot Drop. 3036 30