Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although CSF HVA is derived from brain DA metabolism the value of its determination as an index of brain DA turnover and dopaminergic activity is limited, as other factors can affect CSF concentrations. These include the partitioning of HVA between different routes of elimination from the brain, the rates of transport from CSF to blood and from the lateral ventricle to the lumbar sac, CSF space volumes, and methodologic problems. The uses and limitations of CSF HVA determination is illustrated by findings in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, motor neuron disease, disseminated sclerosis, and hepatic coma. Finally, preliminary results on the effect on CSF HVA of the DA agonist CB 154 are described.
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PMID:CSF homovanillic acid: an index of dopaminergic activity. 12 31

A 68 years old man affected by parkinson's disease for four years suddenly developed symptoms of a motor neuron disease. He also had a defect of his visual-spatial ability with an intra cerebral calcifications in right parieto-temporo-occipital region. The AA. discuss the nosological aspects of this case and do not accept the possibility of a chance occurrence of the two systemic degenerative diseases and favour a unification of nuerological abiotrophic diseases.
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PMID:[Parkinson's disease and am-otrophic lateral sclerosis (case report) (author's transl)]. 61 18

Lewy bodies are intraneuronal inclusions initially found in the pigmented brainstem nuclei of patients with Parkinson's disease. Their aspect varies according to their neuronal or cerebral situation. They have been a long time the hallmark of Parkinson's disease, but in recent years it has emerged that a small group of rare disorders or rare variants of common degenerative diseases are also sometimes associated with Lewy bodies in the nervous system. Pathological studies have also individualized a new disorder characterized by the presence of numerous Lewy bodies throughout the cerebral cortex and the brainstem: Lewy body disease. The clinical syndrome associates dementia, parkinsonian features, dysautonomia and motor neuron disease. The dementia is cortical in type and psychiatric symptoms such as agitation, hallucinations or delusions are frequent. The pathological features are nerve cell loss, diffuse Lewy bodies, and sometimes senile plaques. The origin of this disorder remains unclear, but it could be a primitive abnormality of neuronal cytoskeleton.
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PMID:[From Parkinson's disease to Lewy body disease]. 153 93

To evaluate the relationship between cytokines and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells, we detected interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-6 producing cells in CSF from the patients with central nervous system (CNS) infectious diseases by immunocytochemistry. Five CSF cell smears from three herpes encephalitis patients, three from a patient with EB virus radiculoneuritis, four from the three patients with purulent meningitis, five from five patients with viral meningitis were obtained during early or subacute stages of diseases. Control CSF cell smears were taken from twenty seven patients with motor neuron disease, Parkinson's disease and spinocerebellar degeneration. Immunocytochemistry using specific polyclonal anti-IFN-gamma and IL-6 sera were used to detect each producing cell. Simultaneously, individual positively immuno-reactive cells were morphologically classified macrophage or lymphocyte. The IFN-gamma positive cells immunostained with specific antibody showed brown-colored deposits within the cytoplasm whereas no deposit was in the nucleus (Fig. 1). These phenotype of IFN-gamma positive cells were considered to be lymphocytes or macrophages. However, IFN-gamma-positive macrophages were predominantly seen at the early stages of herpes simplex encephalitis and purulent meningitis. The percent of IFN-gamma positive cells in total CSF cells obtained from the patients with the CNS infectious diseases was 2.3-38.7 as shown in Table 1. The IL-6 positive cells (Fig. 2) were also found early in the course and in subacute stages in the CNS infectious diseases and ranged from 2.5-50 percent in total CSF cells (Table 1). In contrast neither IFN-gamma- nor IL-6-positive cells were detected in non-inflammatory diseases (Table 1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Detection of interferon-gamma and IL-6 producing cells in cerebrospinal fluid cells in the central nervous system infectious diseases using immunocytochemistry]. 149 Mar 21

The ability to identify smells was tested in nine males and six females with motor neuron disease (MND) of varying severity, using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). The olfactory impairment found in MND patients compared with age and sex matched controls is statistically significant at the 0.005 level. The relationship with Parkinson's disease, with Alzheimer's dementia and the possible aetiological implications of this new aspect of the MND are discussed.
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PMID:Olfactory impairment in motor neuron disease: a pilot study. 174 50

Observation of cytopathological similarities between the changes of Alzheimer-type dementia, Parkinson's disease and motor neuron disease, as well as of some degree of clinical association between these conditions, has led to the suggestion that all three belong to a common class of degenerative neurological disorders, each of which as a rule first becomes manifest when age-related neuronal attrition is superimposed on subclinical damage caused by environmental noxae earlier in life. The importance of this model lies in its potential relevance to prevention. The epidemiological data reviewed here suggest that, while the three disease groups are all strongly linked with ageing, there may be major differences between their patterns of occurrence in populations, which make it doubtful if the same environmental pathogens are responsible in each instance. The most plausible unifying hypothesis at present is that the predisposing neuronal damage can be caused by a number of widely distributed metallic neurotoxins, each of which has a tendency to pick out specific areas or cell groups within the CNS and thus to give rise to distinct though overlapping clinical syndromes. The evidence bearing on this and other causal hypotheses is, however, still tenuous because of the scarcity of empirical data. Population-based case-control and cohort studies are called for, as part of a co-ordinated research endeavour.
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PMID:The epidemiology of primary degenerative dementia and related neurological disorders. 182 96

Between 1986 and 1988 a door-to-door survey was conducted on a stable rural population of 60,820 in central Ethiopia. Trained lay health workers made a complete census and identified cases with symptoms and signs of neurological disorders, using specially designed questionnaires which, in a previous pilot study, were found to have a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 85%. Neurological disorders in the rural population were epilepsy, postpoliomyelitis paralysis, mental retardation, peripheral neuropathy (mainly due to leprosy), and deaf-mutism with prevalence rates (cases/100,000 population) of 520, 240, 170, 150 and 130, respectively. The prevalence rates of the other less common neurological disorders were 62 for hemiparesis (15 of which were for cerebrovascular accidents), 20 for cerebral palsy, 16 for optic atrophy, 12 for perceptive deafness, 10 for tropical spastic paraparesis, 7 for Parkinson's disease and 5 for motor neuron disease, ataxia and chorea/athetosis. Among related non-neurological conditions, blindness, locomotor disability and deafness were predominant. The significance and role of such a neuroepidemiological study in laying the strategies for the prevention of neurological disorders and rehabilitation of patients are discussed in the context of a developing country.
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PMID:Community-based study of neurological disorders in rural central Ethiopia. 208 51

Elevated plasma cysteine to sulphate ratios were found in patients with Motor neurone disease (MND), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cysteine and sulphate were measured by colourimetric methods. Following recent discovery of a defect in sulphoxidation and sulphation of xenobiotics in these diseases, this finding confirms that endogenous sulphur metabolism is disturbed. The mean cysteine:sulphate ratios (x 10(3] in fasting early morning plasma were 506, 521 and 477 for MND, PD and AD whereas it was 96 for normal controls (P less than 0.001). This excess of cysteine thiol groups may interfere with neural protein function. The deficiency of sulphate ions may lead to reduced xenobiotic detoxification.
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PMID:Plasma cysteine and sulphate levels in patients with motor neurone, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. 232 85

We have studied 97 patients with dementia who have been discharged from our hospital and 106 inpatients with dementia who have been admitted during last two years in our hospital. The diagnosis of dementia was done according to the criteria of DSM-III. Based on their clinical course, neurological signs, Hachinski's ischemic score and neuroradiological findings, we divided patients into 4 groups, [senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), vascular dementia (VD), unclassified dementia and other dementias which includes dementia with Parkinson's disease or motor neuron disease, etc.]. Concerning 70 demented patients who died during hospitalization, the average age of onset and the duration of illness of SDAT were 80.5 years old and 4.6 years respectively and those of VD were 77.6 years old and 2.7 years respectively. The common causes of death were pneumonia (50%) and cardiac failure (24%). Recurrence of cerebral vascular accident (CVA) was also another frequent cause of death in VD. The most common behavioral problems causing admission in patients of SDAT were aimless wandering, nocturnal delirium, illusion and hallucination. In VD, nocturnal delirium, aimless wandering, violence and abnormal monologue were most common causes of admission. The important causes degrading ADL of inpatients were fracture, especially fracture of the hip joint, pneumonia, intestinal bleeding and CVA. Concerning the increase of the population of over 75 years old, it will be suggested that the care and treatment of demented patients in this age group will become a major social problem.
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PMID:[Clinical and epidemiological studies on inpatients with dementia]. 238 92

Seven patients, aged 65-72 years, are described with dementia and cortical Lewy bodies. In one patient a Parkinsonian syndrome was followed by dementia and motor neuron disease. In the remaining six patients dementia was accompanied by dysphasia, dyspraxia and agnosia. One developed a Parkinsonian syndrome before the dementia, in three cases a Parkinsonian syndrome occurred later, and in two cases not at all. All patients showed Lewy bodies and cell loss in the substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and dorsal vagal nucleus, as in Parkinson's disease. The severity of cell loss in the nucleus basalis varied from mild to severe. Lewy bodies were also present in the parahippocampus and cerebral cortex, but Alzheimer-type pathology was mild or absent, and insufficient for a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Patients with moderate or severe dementia, some with temporal or parietal features, may have cortical Lewy body disease, Alzheimer's disease, or a combination of the two. Cortical Lewy body disease may be associated with dementia in Parkinson's disease more often than realised, but is not necessarily associated with extensive Alzheimer pathology.
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PMID:Cortical Lewy body dementia: clinical features and classification. 246 66


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