Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Visual evoked potentials (VEP), brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), and long latency event related potentials (ERP) have been used to assess various aspects of the central nervous system. Multimodality evoked potential (MEP) testing uses a combination of these tests in the same clinical setting. In the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and in the diagnosis of brain death, MEP testing has been shown to be more effective than any one evoked potential test used alone. In head trauma, MEP testing is an effective means of localization and prognostication. There are potential uses for MEP testing in Parkinson's Disease and uremia.
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PMID:Multimodality evoked potentials: clinical applications and assessment of utility. 718 66

The use of ondansetron, a selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, is well established in patients with nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy or anaesthesia and surgery. The wide distribution of 5-HT3 receptors in the body and the role of these receptors in disease have provided the rationale for investigation of ondansetron in novel applications. Preliminary data have shown ondansetron to have clinical benefit in patients with nausea and vomiting associated with drug overdosage or poisoning, anti-infective or antidepressant therapies, uraemia or neurological trauma, and in patients with pruritus. Patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders (e.g. carcinoid syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhoea associated with cryptosporidiosis or diabetes, and chronic refractory diarrhoea) have also shown some improvement when treated with ondansetron, as have patients with certain pain or CNS-related disorders [e.g. alcohol (ethanol) dependence, opiate withdrawal, vertigo, cerebellar tremor and Parkinson's disease treatment-related psychosis]. In contrast to conventional antiemetics, ondansetron is generally well tolerated with a lower incidence of sedation and only isolated case reports of extrapyramidal reactions. Furthermore, unlike dopamine receptor-blocking neuroleptics, ondansetron does not appear to worsen the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Thus, in addition to its established indications, preliminary results suggest that ondansetron may be beneficial in a number of novel applications. This drug may represent a treatment alternative in patients with refractory disease, or an effective treatment of conditions for which current therapies are either poorly tolerated or not available. Further investigation of ondansetron in a range of potential new applications appears to be warranted.
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PMID:Ondansetron. A review of its pharmacology and preliminary clinical findings in novel applications. 911 22

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensory-motor disorder characterized by discomfort of and urge to move the legs, primarily during rest or inactivity, partial or total relief with movement, with presence or worsening exclusively in the evening. It is a relatively common but frequently unrecognized disorder, with a prevalence ranging from 2.5 to 15% of the general population, increasing with age and with a female preponderance. The diagnosis is clinical but polysomnography is useful to determine its profound impact on sleep (difficulties in sleep onset, maintaining sleep during the night, and sleep fragmentation) and for the evidence of periodic legs movements during sleep and wake. RLS is generally idiopathic, with familial association in 40-60% of the cases, but may also be symptomatic of such associated conditions (secondary forms) as peripheral neuropathies, uremia, iron deficiency (with or without anemia), diabetes, Parkinson's disease and pregnancy. Response to dopaminergic drugs indicates that dopamine receptors are implicated, and although much progress has been made in diagnosis and treatment in the last decade, more is needed for complete elucidation of the etiology and pathophysiology of RLS.
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PMID:Epidemiology and clinical findings of restless legs syndrome. 1516 38

Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) are well-known entities from a clinical and polysomnographic point of view. PLMD and RLS are seen mostly as primary or hereditary diseases, but may occur in conjunction to other diseases such as uremia, polyneuropathy, Parkinson's disease, and deficiencies of iron and magnesium. This review will discuss the prevalence, etiology and pathophysiology of secondary PLMD and RLS.
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PMID:Secondary periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome. 1531 Apr 83

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the common nocturnal disturbance seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The prevalence of RLS with PD is greater than that of general populations; however, etiology of RLS in patients with PD is still controversial. We report a 63-year-old man with PD, who was admitted to our hospital with uncontrollable unpleasant feeling in both legs leading to sleep disturbance. At age 59, he experienced numbness and nocturnal myoclonus in his right foot. One year later, he developed resting tremor and bradykinesia in his right hand, and was diagnosed as PD. Levodopa was initiated with favorable response for his resting tremor and bradykinesia, however, his dysesthesia of the legs spread to both side and associated with an urge to move which occurs at rest and was ameliorated by walking. On admission, his parkinsonism was well controlled by 400 mg/ day of levodopa/benserazide. Polysomnography (PSG) revealed periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS). Secondary RLS such as drug-induced, iron deficiency and uraemia, was excluded in this patient. Because levodopa did not improve his RLS, additional symptomatic RLS treatment was initiated. Oral dosage with 150 microg pergolide did not have any effect on his RLS symptoms. An increase up to 750 microg pergolide led to a marked reduction of symptoms. Repeated PSG showed significant reduction of PLMS and improved sleep efficacy. Usually, low dose of dopamine agonist is enough to treat RLS occurred in general populations. However, moderate to high dose of dopamine agonists were needed for our patient with RLS, indicating that pharmacological responses might be different between RLS in general and that associated with PD. It is important to consider that PD-related RLS can be treated with high dose dopamine agonist to obtain favorable management of nocturnal disturbances.
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PMID:[Effect of high dose pergolide mesilate on restless legs syndrome associated with Parkinson disease]. 1751 Dec 86

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by discomfort and paresthesias in the legs with urge to move the legs, worsening of the symptoms with the rest or inactivity, present or exacerbation in the evening or night and partial or total relief with movement. The diagnosis is primarily clinical. RLS is idiopathic, with family history in 40-60% of the cases, or symptomatic associated conditions such as iron deficiency, uremia, pregnancy, Parkinson's disease, neuropathy or myelopathy. Although the pathophysiology of RLS remains unknown, it has been implicated a central dopaminergic dysfunction. In the last years it has increased the interest and has been published several papers about RLS, that make significant contributions to the current understanding of the syndrome. The aim of this paper is to review the cur-rent advances in the field of RLS, with special emphasis on symptomatic causes of the syndrome, from both epidemiological and pathophysiological points of view.
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PMID:[Symptomatic causes of restless legs syndrome.]. 2034 60