Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cholinergic hyperexcitation can be induced by both acute psychological stress and exposure to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Both factors are known risk factors for delayed neurodeterioration processes such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Recent publications on the involvement of cholinergic pathways in these and other neurodeterioration syndromes are reviewed.
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PMID:Tracking cholinergic pathways from psychological and chemical stressors to variable neurodeterioration paradigms. 1067 58

Rehabilitation, a treatment strategy that involves group effort with multiple specialists, roles, and facilities, is widely offered to patients in need. The current rehabilitation strategy is mainly disability oriented, and, in principle, starts from the evaluation of motor function and aims to strengthen the deteriorated function/s. Therefore, this method is very effective for patients with acute diseases. However, the effect of such a rehabilitation strategy on gradually progressive neurodegenerative diseases is not well clarified. In particular, Disability-oriented Rehabilitation has not shown an adequate effect in Parkinson disease, which is associated with psychological stress. In this report, we provide an outline of a new rehabilitation strategy and introduce Mentality-oriented Rehabilitation for patients with Parkinson disease.
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PMID:[A new rehabilitation strategy for patients with Parkinson disease: a proposal of mentality-orientated rehabilitation]. 2181 79

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression via degradation or translational repression of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Recent studies have clearly demonstrated that miRNAs play critical roles in several biologic processes, including cell cycle, differentiation, cell development, cell growth, and apoptosis and that miRNAs are highly expressed in regulatory T (Treg) cells and a wide range of miRNAs are involved in the regulation of immunity and in the prevention of autoimmunity. It has been increasingly reported that miRNAs are associated with various human diseases like autoimmune disease, skin disease, neurological disease and psychiatric disease. Recently, the identification of mi- RNAs in skin has added a new dimension in the regulatory network and attracted significant interest in this novel layer of gene regulation. Although miRNA research in the field of dermatology is still relatively new, miRNAs have been the subject of much dermatological interest in skin morphogenesis and in regulating angiogenesis. In addition, miRNAs are moving rapidly onto center stage as key regulators of neuronal development and function in addition to important contributions to neurodegenerative disorder. Moreover, there is now compelling evidence that dysregulation of miRNA networks is implicated in the development and onset of human neruodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Tourette's syndrome, Down syndrome, depression and schizophrenia. In this review, I briefly summarize the current studies about the roles of miRNAs in various autoimmune diseases, skin diseases, psychoneurological disorders and mental stress.
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PMID:MicroRNAs in Human Diseases: From Autoimmune Diseases to Skin, Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases. 2219 6

A telomere is a repetitive DNA structure at chromosomal ends that stabilizes the chromosome structure and prevents harmful end-to-end recombinations. The telomere length of somatic cells becomes shorter with aging because of the "end replication problem." This telomere shortening is accelerated by pathophysiological conditions including daily mental stress. Living with Parkinson's disease (PD) causes physical and mental stress; therefore, the authors hypothesized that the telomere length of somatic cells was shortened excessively in patients with PD. In order to detect PD-associated somatic telomeric alterations, the telomere length and subtelomeric methylation status of peripheral leukocytes of PD patients were assessed by Southern blotting, using methylation-sensitive and -insensitive isoschizomers. The results demonstrated that the peripheral leukocytes of Japanese female patients with PD bore fewer long telomeres and a proportional increase of hypomethylated subtelomeres in short telomeres in comparison with the healthy controls. This study indicates that with the neurodegeneration associated with PD, telomeric and subtelomeric structural alterations occur. These structural telomere alterations most likely occur secondary to the acceleration of aging-associated telomeric changes and the accelerated loss of cells bearing short telomeres.
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PMID:Aging-associated alteration of telomere length and subtelomeric status in female patients with Parkinson's disease. 2236 20

Athletes, body builders, and military personnel use dietary creatine as an ergogenic aid to boost physical performance in sports involving short bursts of high-intensity muscle activity. Lesser known is the essential role creatine, a natural regulator of energy homeostasis, plays in brain function and development. Creatine supplementation has shown promise as a safe, effective, and tolerable adjunct to medication for the treatment of brain-related disorders linked with dysfunctional energy metabolism, such as Huntington's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Impairments in creatine metabolism have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, leaving clinicians, researchers and patients alike wondering if dietary creatine has therapeutic value for treating mental illness. The present review summarizes the neurobiology of the creatine-phosphocreatine circuit and its relation to psychological stress, schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders. While present knowledge of the role of creatine in cognitive and emotional processing is in its infancy, further research on this endogenous metabolite has the potential to advance our understanding of the biological bases of psychopathology and improve current therapeutic strategies.
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PMID:Creatine metabolism and psychiatric disorders: Does creatine supplementation have therapeutic value? 2246 51

It is well documented that norepinephrine (NE) releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus, a brainstem nucleus that is a major source of NE for the brain, degenerate during the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). A number of studies also suggest that, as a result, there is less NE released in the brain during disease progression, which may contribute to the pathophysiology and symptomatology of PD. This paper puts forth the novel hypothesis that NE degeneration in PD is preceded by elevated NE signaling, mainly as a result of genetics, and that this elevation is a major etiological factor in the disease. In this scenario, long-term (if not lifelong) elevated NE signaling could eventually invoke compensatory mechanisms that result in noradrenergic, and possibly dopaminergic, cell death. Several lines of evidence are briefly reviewed on the relationship between NE signaling and PD, including studies of: the level of NE; drugs that increase or decrease NE signaling; the relationship between PD and bipolar disorder, hypertension, and obesity, since the latter three conditions may be associated with increased NE signaling; and the relationship between PD and psychological stress, since stress is associated with increased release of NE. Many of these studies support NE degeneration during the disease, although some are consistent with elevated NE signaling during disease progression. Because there are few data on the state of the NE system prior to disease onset, the central point of this paper that NE signaling is elevated prior to development of PD, remains largely hypothetical. If elevated NE signaling really is an etiological factor in this disease, then early identification of susceptible individuals and long-term treatment with NE transmission reducing drugs, may help prevent or slow progression of PD.
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PMID:Is elevated norepinephrine an etiological factor in some cases of Parkinson's disease? 2452 17

Awake craniotomy is indicated in deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treatment of certain movement disorders, such as in Parkinson disease patients or in the surgery of brain tumors in close vicinity to the language area. The standard procedure is the asleep-awake-asleep technique where general anesthesia or analgosedation is intermittently interrupted for neurological testing. In DBS the intraoperative improvement of symptoms, stereotactic navigation and microelectrode reading guide to the optimal position. In brain tumor resection, reversible functional impairments during electrical stimulation on the brain surface (brain mapping) show the exact individual position of eloquent or motoric areas that should be protected.The anesthesiology procedures used are very variable. It is a balancing act between overdosing of anesthetics with impairment of respiration and alertness and underdosing with pain, strain and stress for the patient. For the asleep-awake-asleep technique high acceptance but also frequent and partly severe complications have been reported. The psychological stress for the patient can be immense. Obviously, a feeling of being left alone and being at someone's mercy is not adequately treated by drugs and performance of the neurological tests is undoubtedly better and more reliable with less pharmacological impairment. Cranial nerve blocks can reduce the amount of anesthetics as they provide analgesia of the scalp more efficiently than local infiltration. With these nerve blocks, a strong therapeutic relationship and a specific communication, sedatives can be avoided and the need for opioids markedly reduced or abolished. The suggestive communication promotes for instance dissociation to an inner safe refuge, as well as reframing of disturbing noises and sensations. Each of the methods applied for awake craniotomy can profit from the principles of this awake-awake-awake technique.
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PMID:[Anesthesiological management of awake craniotomy : Asleep-awake-asleep technique or without sedation]. 2542 Oct 54

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening forms of mental illnesses affecting elderly people and has been associated with poor cognitive function. Recent evidence suggests a strong relationship between MDD and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), as well as natural processes of aging. Changes in the neuroplasticity, morphology, and neurotransmission in the brain are seem to be associated to both, MDD and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, there is evidence that psychological stress and MDD are associated with molecular and cellular signs of accelerated aging. This review will highlight the relationship between MDD, the aging process, and neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing the neurochemical processes involved.
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PMID:Neurochemical correlation between major depressive disorder and neurodegenerative diseases. 2737 Sep 38

Parkinson disease (PD) is a debilitating, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex motor and nonmotor symptoms that fluctuate in onset, severity, level of disability, and responsiveness to treatment. The unpredictable nature of PD and the inability to halt or slow disease progression may result in uncertainty and psychological stress. Uncertainty and psychological stress have important implications for symptom and health outcomes in PD. Uncertainty and psychological stress have been shown to worsen symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life in chronic illnesses; however, the causal mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. We propose a biobehavioral framework for examining uncertainty and psychological stress in PD. The framework considers factors that may contribute to uncertainty and neuroendocrine-immune mechanisms of uncertainty and psychological stress that may influence symptom and health outcomes in PD, for the ultimate purpose of improving symptom and disease progression, functional capacity, and quality of life.
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PMID:Biobehavioral Framework of Symptom and Health Outcomes of Uncertainty and Psychological Stress in Parkinson Disease. 2782 7

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by complex symptoms and medication-induced motor complications that fluctuate in onset, severity, responsiveness to treatment, and disability. The unpredictable and debilitating nature of PD and the inability to halt or slow disease progression may result in psychological stress. Psychological stress may exacerbate biological mechanisms believed to contribute to neuronal loss in PD and lead to poorer symptom and health outcomes. The purpose of this integrated review is to summarize and appraise animal and human research studies focused on biological mechanisms, symptom, and health outcomes of psychological stress in PD. A search of the electronic databases PubMed/Medline and CINAHL from 1980 to the present using the key words Parkinson's disease and stress, psychological stress, mental stress, and chronic stress resulted in 11 articles that met inclusion criteria. The results revealed significant associations between psychological stress and increased motor symptom severity and loss of dopamine-producing neurons in animal models of PD and between psychological stress and increased symptom severity and poorer health outcomes in human subjects with PD. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms responsible for these relationships, for the ultimate purpose of designing targeted interventions that may modify the disease trajectory.
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PMID:An Integrated Review of Psychological Stress in Parkinson's Disease: Biological Mechanisms and Symptom and Health Outcomes. 2805 29


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