Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four patients with severe dementia and a parkinsonian syndrome are described. Dysphasia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia, visual and verbal memory disturbance and psychosis, usually of depressive type, occurred early in the course of the illness. Pathologically they were characterized by the presence of numerous Lewy bodies throughout both the cerebral cortex and brainstem. Three cases also had severe neurofibrillary tangle change or senile plaques in the neocortex, compatible with Alzheimer's disease, but the cortical tangle distribution did not always match that of the Lewy bodies. This disorder may form part of the spectrum of pathology in Parkinson's disease, where it may be one possible cause of dementia.
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PMID:Clinical and pathological features of diffuse cortical Lewy body disease (Lewy body dementia). 282 57

The present review focuses on the hypothesized D1/D2 dopamine (DA) receptor classification, originally based on the form of receptor coupling to adenylate cyclase activity. The pharmacological effects of compounds exhibiting putative selective agonist or antagonist profiles at those DA receptors positively coupled to adenylate cyclase activity (D1 DA receptors) are extensively reviewed. Comparisons are made with the effects of putative selective D2 DA receptor agonists and antagonists, and on the basis of this work, the DA receptor classification is critically evaluated. A variety of biochemical, behavioral, and electrophysiological evidence is presented which supports the view that D1 and D2 DA receptors can interact in both an opposing and synergistic fashion. Particular attention is focused on the possibility that D1 receptor stimulation is required to enable the expression of certain D2 receptor-mediated effects, and the functional consequences of this form of interaction are considered. A hypothetical model is presented which considers how both the opposing and enabling forms of interaction between D1 and D2 DA receptors can control behavioral expression. Finally, the clinical relevance of this work is discussed and the potential use of selective D1 receptor agonists and antagonists in the treatment of psychotic states and Parkinson's disease is considered.
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PMID:D1 dopamine receptor--the search for a function: a critical evaluation of the D1/D2 dopamine receptor classification and its functional implications. 297 Dec 73

On-off fluctuations in longstanding Parkinson's disease initially respond well to a combined drug regime of Levodopa with direct dopamine agonists and L-deprenyl. L-Dopa infusions are efficient, but not applicable for longer use. S.c.-Lisuride-infusions reduce markedly motor-response fluctuations, dystonias and hyperkinesias, but bear the risk of inducing confusion or even psychosis. In patients with coexisting response fluctuations and psychiatric disturbances a therapeutic approach is outlined to preserve still some favourable effects on motor performance avoiding severe psychosis. Side-effects and possible complications of that therapy are discussed as are some further indications for the clinical use of Lisuride in akinetic crisis, the neuroleptic malignant syndrome and in dyskinesias.
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PMID:Chronic s.c. lisuride in Parkinson's disease--motor-performance and avoidance of psychiatric side effects. 316 38

Disorders of neurotransmitter balance are observed in Parkinson's disease, pharmacotoxic psychosis and depression. The dopamine-serotonin ratio is reduced to about 20% in Parkinson and pharmacotoxic patients in the caudate nucleus and in the substantia nigra. The serotonin content in these brain areas is lowered only to about 50% in comparison to that of the control, whereas the dopamine level is reduced to 85% in Parkinson patients. This dopamine deficiency has been substituted by exogenous supply of L-dopa in combination with decarboxylase and monoaminooxydase inhibitors. First evidence is presented that L-dopa can be replaced, at least partially, by iron in form of a ferriascorbate complex. This iron compound improves the symptoms of Parkinson's disease to almost the same extent as L-dopa.
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PMID:Dopamine action and disorders of neurotransmitter balance. 365 99

Two multigravida patients with no prior psychiatric history were seen with postpartum psychosis, having received bromocriptine for inhibition of lactation. Bromocriptine given in high doses has been associated with psychosis in patients receiving the drug for Parkinson's disease. These cases demonstrate that bromocriptine may cause psychosis even when given in low doses.
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PMID:Postpartum psychosis induced by bromocriptine. 368 55

As L-Dopa was marketed in France in 1971 for treatment of Parkinson's disease we used 1971 to divide a sample of patients into 2 groups. Group 1 (152 patients) includes patients with diagnosis made before 1971 and group 2 (264 patients) with diagnosis after 1971. The prognostic factors were motor deterioration, intellectual deterioration and death. The prognostic variables include the neuro-psychological status at the onset of the disease and at the beginning of L-Dopa treatment. The statistical analysis is based on Kaplan-Meier estimate, Log-rank test and Cox's model. In group 2, 10 years after the beginning treatment of L-Dopa, motor deterioration affected 60 p. 100 of the patients. The poor variables were akineto-hypertonic type, severe akinesia, poor clinical result after one year. Intellectual deterioration was frequent: 30 p. 100 at 10 years. The poor variables were age over 60, depression or psychotic episodes occurring during the first year. The 10 years-survival rate was 64 p. 100 and was not different from that recorded in a French population of same age and sex distribution. The poor variables were severe akinesia, presence of a Babinski sign, poor therapeutic result after one year, occurrence of psychotic episodes during the first year. The interval between the onset of the disease and the beginning of L-Dopa did not have any prognostic value, whatever the response criterion. In group 1, the same prognostic factors were pointed out. Survival and intellectual deterioration were not different in the 2 groups, but in group 1, motor deterioration appeared earlier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Long-term study of 416 cases of Parkinson disease. Prognostic factors and therapeutic implications]. 379 24

I have presented a possible case of mania induced by influenza B. Some epidemic influenza viruses may be neurovirulent. These epidemics seem to be associated with postencephalitic Parkinson's disease, mania, and depression. Viral, neuroanatomic, neurophysiologic, neurochemical, pharmacologic, clinical, and epidemiologic evidence can be found to suggest a connection between the locus ceruleus, the influenza virus, and the induction of a manic psychosis.
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PMID:Influenza and mania: a possible connection with the locus ceruleus. 397 19

A patient with severe variant angina that was refractory to conventional treatment became symptom free when she was treated with benzhexol (trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride), a cholinergic blocking agent used in the management of Parkinson's disease. There was a brief psychotic reaction when a large dose was taken and some memory impairment on the maintenance dose. Benzhexol should be used with caution but may prove to be an additional therapeutic agent in the management of severe variant angina.
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PMID:Management of a case of refractory variant angina with benzhexol hydrochloride (trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride). 405 85

A small group of patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with oral l-dopa. In ten cases the drug was given according to a randomized, double-blind-crossover protocol, and in 13 cases both the physician and the patient knew what treatment was being given. With subjective bias at a minimum the salutary effects of the amino acid were confirmed in 90 percent of the patients. The general level of improvement with l-dopa was better than with standard agents, and a combination of drugs was sometimes very helpful. Toxic psychosis was a problem in three cases, but other adverse reactions were minimal. Further extensive trial and study is indicated.
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PMID:A controlled study of L-DOPA in Parkinson's disease. 491 27

Electrophysiological and pharmacological analysis of L-Dopa-induced dyskinesia and tardive dyskinesia (L.DD) due to neuroleptics was performed on 12 patients with Parkinson's disease and on 12 others with psychotic diseases. This analysis included the examination of spinal reflexes, monosynaptic H reflex, polysynaptic cutaneous reflex of the lower limb, muscular responses to passive movement [stretch reflex and shortening reaction (SR)] and the study of the motor response to a dopaminergic stimulus (I.V. injection of Piribedil (PBD), a dopamine agonist). There was no difference in EMG activity between L.DD and TD. Three EMG patterns can be distinguished: anarchic discharge pattern (ADA), tonic grouping discharge pattern (AST) and rhythmic burst pattern (ABR). PBD effects indicate a possible relationship between the EMG patterns and the sensitivity level of the motor dopamine receptors. During L-Dopa dyskinesia and tardive dyskinesia, the same changes in spinal reflexes were observed. Muscle tone tested by muscular responses to passive movement (shortening and myotatic reaction) was normal. Monosynaptic excitability explored by H/M ratio was within the normal range. In contrast, the polysynaptic nociceptive reflex was increased in every case. In Parkinsonian patients with L-Dopa dyskinesia, this pattern of the spinal reflexes was significantly different in comparison to the rigid phase. Intravenous infusion of PBD suppressed tremor and provoked the occurrence of dyskinetic activity in Parkinsonian patients with L-Dopa dyskinesia during the rigid phase. During the dyskinetic phase, as in tardive dyskinesia, PBD increases these phenomena and changes EMG activity in rhythmic pattern. It is suggested that L-Dopa dyskinesia and tardive dyskinesia can be determined by testing EMG activity, spinal reflexes and dopaminergic reactivity. There is evidence to suggest that the various types of involuntary abnormal movement represent a single entity, and that dopamine receptor supersensitivity may be involved.
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PMID:[Electrophysiological and pharmacological analysis of L-dopa-induced dyskinesia and tardive dyskinesia (author's transl)]. 611 68


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